安装MySQL-5.5.49

安装包的获取：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/

# 安装MySQL需要的依赖包
yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
rpm -qa  ncurses-devel libaio-devel
# 安装编译MySQL需要的软件
yum install cmake -y
rpm -qa cmake
# 创建用户
useradd mysql -u 777 -s /sbin/nologin -M
id mysql

上传MySQL包，解压

mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
cd /home/oldboy/tools
rz -y #mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
ll -sh
tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.49

编译安装

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
make && make install && echo $?
cd ..

创建软链接

ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql

配置多实例

创建数据库文件目录，配置文件

mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data
touch /data/{3306,3307}/{mysql,my.cnf}

tree /data/
/data/
├── 3306#<==实例3306
│   ├── data#<==3306数据库文件目录
│   ├── my.cnf#<==3306配置文件
│   └── mysql#<==3306启动脚本
└── 3307#<==实例3307├── data#<==3307数据库文件目录├── my.cnf#<==3307配置文件└── mysql#<==3307启动脚本

实例3306配置文件

vim /data/3306/my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/3306/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3306/data
open_files_limit = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3306/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.err
pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

实例3307配置文件

vim /data/3307/my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3307
socket          = /data/3307/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3307
socket  = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
#long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
#log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 3
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_oldboy3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

实例3306启动脚本

vim /data/3306/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09
#oldboy QQ:31333741
#site:http://www.etiantian.org
#blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
#oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307  44246017
################################################
#init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];thenprintf "Starting MySQL...\n"/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &elseprintf "MySQL is running...\n"exitfi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];thenprintf "MySQL is stopped...\n"exitelseprintf "Stoping MySQL...\n"${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdownfi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlsleep 2function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)function_start_mysql
;;
stop)function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)function_restart_mysql
;;
*)printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

实例3307启动脚本

vim /data/3307/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09
#oldboy QQ:31333741
#site:http://www.etiantian.org
#blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
#oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307  44246017
################################################
#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];thenprintf "Starting MySQL...\n"/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &elseprintf "MySQL is running...\n"exitfi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];thenprintf "MySQL is stopped...\n"exitelseprintf "Stoping MySQL...\n"${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdownfi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlsleep 2function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)function_start_mysql
;;
stop)function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)function_restart_mysql
;;
*)printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

修改启动脚本的权限

find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod 700

授权mysql用户管理/data目录

chown -R mysql.mysql /data

初使化数据库

cd /application/mysql/scripts/
./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/
./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/

启动多实例，加入开机自启动

/data/3306/mysql start
/data/3307/mysql start
netstat -tunlp |grep 330

# echo命令的 -e参数处理特殊字符；\n 换行且光标移至行首
echo -e "\n##mysql multi instance\n/data/3306/mysql start\n/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local

tail -3 /etc/rc.local
##mysql multi instance
/data/3306/mysql start
/data/3307/mysql start

设置环境变量

方法一：将mysql的相关命令放入到已经是环境变量的目录下（推荐！！）

cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

方法二

export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH
echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
tail -1 /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
echo $PATH

登录与退出多实例

多实例的登录(无密码)

mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

退出登录（4种）

mysql> exit
mysql> quit
mysql> Ctrl + c
mysql> Ctrl + d

设置密码

mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

更改密码为：oldboy456

mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy123 password 'oldboy456' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

多实例的登录(有密码)

mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

再加一个实例3308

mkdir /data/3308/data -p
cp /data/3306/{my.cnf,mysql} /data/3308/
sed -i 's#3306#3308#g' /data/3308/{my.cnf,mysql}
sed -i 's#server-id = 1#server-id = 8#g' /data/3308/my.cnf
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3308
chmod 700 /data/3308/mysql
cd /application/mysql-5.5.49/scripts/
./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data/
/data/3308/mysql start
echo "/data/3308/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.local
netstat -tunpl |grep 330
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3308/mysql.sock

MySQL多实例优化

清理无用的MySQL库（3306）

mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
drop database test;
show databases;

清理无用的MySQL用户

select user,host from mysql.user;
drop user "root"@"::1";
drop user " "@"db02";
drop user "root"@"db02";
drop user " "@"localhost";

故障：drop命令删除不了用户

可能是大写及Linux主机名导致的，注意：删除用户尽量用drop命令，不要用delete命令

解决方法如下：

delete from mysql.user where user='' and host='S1';
delete from mysql.user where user='root' and host='S1';

刷新权限

刷新权限，使更改立马生效

flush privileges;