今天给大家分享一下Windows Terminal的使用及个性化定制。

一、安装

该项目的开源地址为https://github.com/microsoft/terminal，如果想折腾，可以按照上面的说明自己编译。不想折腾的直接在microsoft store直接搜索Windows Terminal，会搜到一个Windows Terminal 和一个Windows Terminal Preview版本。

本文以Preview版为例。

安装好Windows Terminal Preview之后，默认打开了PowerShell，发现和原来的没多大区别，颜色像CMD一样漆黑一片。完全不像介绍的那么酷。

图 1

不同的是它是多Tab的，在标题右侧有个下拉菜单，可以打开其他工具

图 2

如上图可以再打开一个CMD标签。

同时我们看到了设置选项，下面就开始倒腾一下相关的配置吧。

二、配置

点击【设置】，会打开一个名为settings.json的文件，大概如下面代码所示：

 1 {2   "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",3 4   "defaultProfile": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}", //默认打开下面的profiles.List中的哪个profile，5 6   // 是否将选中内容自动复制到剪切板，默认是false，如果需要复制，选中内容中点击鼠标右键就实现了复制。如果是true，当选中的时候，就执行复制7   "copyOnSelect": false,8 9   // 复制的时候是否复制文本的样式，例如颜色、字体等
10   "copyFormatting": false,
11
12   //profiles配置
13   "profiles": {
14     "defaults": {
15       // 设置通用配置
16     },
17     "list": [
18       {
19         // 针对 powershell.exe 这个profile进行配置.
20         "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
21         "name": "Windows PowerShell",
22         "commandline": "powershell.exe",
23         "hidden": false
24       },
25       {
26         // 针对 cmd.exe 这个profile进行配置.
27         "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
28         "name": "命令提示符",
29         "commandline": "cmd.exe",
30         "hidden": false
31       },
32       {
33         "guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
34         "hidden": false,
35         "name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
36         "source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
37       }
38     ]
39   },
40
41   //自定义的color schemes放在这里
42   "schemes": [
43
44   ],
45
46   // 在下面的集合中添加自定义的按键命令绑定
47   // 取消组合键，请将命令设置为“ unbound”。
48   "keybindings": [
49     // 在defaults.json中，复制和粘贴已经被绑定到了 Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V .
50     // 正两行又将它们绑定到了Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
51     {
52       "command": {
53         "action": "copy",
54         "singleLine": false
55       },
56       "keys": "ctrl+c"
57     },
58     {
59       "command": "paste",
60       "keys": "ctrl+v"
61     },
62
63     // 按下 Ctrl+Shift+F 打开搜索窗口
64     {
65       "command": "find",
66       "keys": "ctrl+shift+f"
67     },
68
69     // 按组合键 Alt+Shift+D 打开一个新的窗格，注意不是标签
70     //-“ split”：“ auto”使此窗格向着能提供最大面积的方向打开。
71     //-“ splitMode”：“ duplicate”新窗格使用当前窗格同样的配置文件。
72     {
73       "command": {
74         "action": "splitPane",
75         "split": "auto",
76         "splitMode": "duplicate"
77       },
78       "keys": "alt+shift+d"
79     }
80   ]
81 }

1. Profile设置：

【图2】所示的下拉菜单中，列出了"Windows PowerShell"、"命令提示符"和"Azure Cloud Shell"三个选项，为什么是这三项呢？是在profiles的List集合中配置的。可以看到现有三项正好与图2中的3项一一对应。

既然是可配置的，那么我们是否可以自定义添加呢？当然是可以的，下一小节我们来实验一下，本节先讲现有配置。
第4行的defaultProfile属性，设置了默认的Profile的guid，可以看出该guid正是Windows PowerShell的，所以我们打开Windows Terminal的时候，默认打开的是Windows PowerShell。

2. 复制设置：

第7行：的"copyOnSelect"指定了是否将选中内容自动复制到剪切板，默认是false。这时如果需要复制，选中内容中点击鼠标右键就实现了复制。如果是true，当选中的时候，就执行复制。
第10行：“copyFormatting”指定了在复制的时候是否复制文本的样式，例如颜色、字体等。

3. 快捷键设置：

第48行，"keybindings"数组设置了如何通过一些组合键触发操作命令，例如复制、粘贴、查找等，代码中已经做了注释，就不一一说明了。
这里要说一下通过 "alt+shift+d"打开新窗格，这个不是新tab，是在原窗口中拆分出来的，如下图

图3

新窗格会采用当前窗格的配置方案。可以按住 alt 键，然后使用箭头键在窗格之间移动焦点。
打开了这么多不知道怎么关闭？可以键入 ctrl+shift+w 来关闭焦点窗格。 如果只有一个窗格，ctrl+shift+w 将关闭该选项卡。与往常一样，关闭最后一个选项卡将关闭该窗口。
如果想要打开新的tab可以使用"ctrl+shift+d"。

3. 配色方案设置：

第42行，"schemes"提供了一个空的数组，用于放置自定义的配色方案。具体介绍见下一节。

三、自定义样式

setting.json 只列出了一些方便我们配置的选项，其实系统中已经为我们做了许多默认配置。按住alt键，再去点击设置选项，这时不会打开setting.json, 而是会打开一个名为default.json的文件，这就是默认的配置文件。

代码如下，做了折叠有兴趣的可以看一看。

// THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE! Changes to this file will be ignored.
{"defaultProfile": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",// Launch Settings"initialCols": 120,"initialRows": 30,"launchMode": "default",// Selection"copyOnSelect": false,"copyFormatting": true,"wordDelimiters": " /\\()\"'-.,:;<>~!@#$%^&*|+=[]{}~?\u2502",// Tab UI"alwaysShowTabs": true,"showTabsInTitlebar": true,"showTerminalTitleInTitlebar": true,"tabWidthMode": "equal",// Miscellaneous"confirmCloseAllTabs": true,"startOnUserLogin":  false,"theme": "system","rowsToScroll": "system","snapToGridOnResize": true,"profiles":[{"guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}","name": "Windows PowerShell","commandline": "powershell.exe","icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png","colorScheme": "Campbell","antialiasingMode": "grayscale","closeOnExit": "graceful","cursorShape": "bar","fontFace": "Cascadia Mono","fontSize": 12,"hidden": false,"historySize": 9001,"padding": "8, 8, 8, 8","snapOnInput": true,"altGrAliasing": true,"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%","useAcrylic": false},{"guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}","name": "Command Prompt","commandline": "cmd.exe","icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}.png","colorScheme": "Campbell","antialiasingMode": "grayscale","closeOnExit": "graceful","cursorShape": "bar","fontFace": "Cascadia Mono","fontSize": 12,"hidden": false,"historySize": 9001,"padding": "8, 8, 8, 8","snapOnInput": true,"altGrAliasing": true,"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%","useAcrylic": false}],"schemes":[// A profile can override the following color scheme values://   - "foreground"//   - "background"//   - "cursorColor"{"name": "Campbell","foreground": "#CCCCCC","background": "#0C0C0C","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","black": "#0C0C0C","red": "#C50F1F","green": "#13A10E","yellow": "#C19C00","blue": "#0037DA","purple": "#881798","cyan": "#3A96DD","white": "#CCCCCC","brightBlack": "#767676","brightRed": "#E74856","brightGreen": "#16C60C","brightYellow": "#F9F1A5","brightBlue": "#3B78FF","brightPurple": "#B4009E","brightCyan": "#61D6D6","brightWhite": "#F2F2F2"},{"name": "Campbell Powershell","foreground": "#CCCCCC","background": "#012456","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","black": "#0C0C0C","red": "#C50F1F","green": "#13A10E","yellow": "#C19C00","blue": "#0037DA","purple": "#881798","cyan": "#3A96DD","white": "#CCCCCC","brightBlack": "#767676","brightRed": "#E74856","brightGreen": "#16C60C","brightYellow": "#F9F1A5","brightBlue": "#3B78FF","brightPurple": "#B4009E","brightCyan": "#61D6D6","brightWhite": "#F2F2F2"},{"name": "Vintage","foreground": "#C0C0C0","background": "#000000","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","black": "#000000","red": "#800000","green": "#008000","yellow": "#808000","blue": "#000080","purple": "#800080","cyan": "#008080","white": "#C0C0C0","brightBlack": "#808080","brightRed": "#FF0000","brightGreen": "#00FF00","brightYellow": "#FFFF00","brightBlue": "#0000FF","brightPurple": "#FF00FF","brightCyan": "#00FFFF","brightWhite": "#FFFFFF"},{"name": "One Half Dark","foreground": "#DCDFE4","background": "#282C34","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","black": "#282C34","red": "#E06C75","green": "#98C379","yellow": "#E5C07B","blue": "#61AFEF","purple": "#C678DD","cyan": "#56B6C2","white": "#DCDFE4","brightBlack": "#5A6374","brightRed": "#E06C75","brightGreen": "#98C379","brightYellow": "#E5C07B","brightBlue": "#61AFEF","brightPurple": "#C678DD","brightCyan": "#56B6C2","brightWhite": "#DCDFE4"},{"name": "One Half Light","foreground": "#383A42","background": "#FAFAFA","cursorColor": "#4F525D","black": "#383A42","red": "#E45649","green": "#50A14F","yellow": "#C18301","blue": "#0184BC","purple": "#A626A4","cyan": "#0997B3","white": "#FAFAFA","brightBlack": "#4F525D","brightRed": "#DF6C75","brightGreen": "#98C379","brightYellow": "#E4C07A","brightBlue": "#61AFEF","brightPurple": "#C577DD","brightCyan": "#56B5C1","brightWhite": "#FFFFFF"},{"name": "Solarized Dark","foreground": "#839496","background": "#002B36","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","black": "#073642","red": "#DC322F","green": "#859900","yellow": "#B58900","blue": "#268BD2","purple": "#D33682","cyan": "#2AA198","white": "#EEE8D5","brightBlack": "#002B36","brightRed": "#CB4B16","brightGreen": "#586E75","brightYellow": "#657B83","brightBlue": "#839496","brightPurple": "#6C71C4","brightCyan": "#93A1A1","brightWhite": "#FDF6E3"},{"name": "Solarized Light","foreground": "#657B83","background": "#FDF6E3","cursorColor": "#002B36","black": "#073642","red": "#DC322F","green": "#859900","yellow": "#B58900","blue": "#268BD2","purple": "#D33682","cyan": "#2AA198","white": "#EEE8D5","brightBlack": "#002B36","brightRed": "#CB4B16","brightGreen": "#586E75","brightYellow": "#657B83","brightBlue": "#839496","brightPurple": "#6C71C4","brightCyan": "#93A1A1","brightWhite": "#FDF6E3"},{"name": "Tango Dark","foreground": "#D3D7CF","background": "#000000","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","black": "#000000","red": "#CC0000","green": "#4E9A06","yellow": "#C4A000","blue": "#3465A4","purple": "#75507B","cyan": "#06989A","white": "#D3D7CF","brightBlack": "#555753","brightRed": "#EF2929","brightGreen": "#8AE234","brightYellow": "#FCE94F","brightBlue": "#729FCF","brightPurple": "#AD7FA8","brightCyan": "#34E2E2","brightWhite": "#EEEEEC"},{"name": "Tango Light","foreground": "#555753","background": "#FFFFFF","cursorColor": "#000000","black": "#000000","red": "#CC0000","green": "#4E9A06","yellow": "#C4A000","blue": "#3465A4","purple": "#75507B","cyan": "#06989A","white": "#D3D7CF","brightBlack": "#555753","brightRed": "#EF2929","brightGreen": "#8AE234","brightYellow": "#FCE94F","brightBlue": "#729FCF","brightPurple": "#AD7FA8","brightCyan": "#34E2E2","brightWhite": "#EEEEEC"}],"keybindings":[// Application-level Keys{ "command": "closeWindow", "keys": "alt+f4" },{ "command": "toggleFullscreen", "keys": "alt+enter" },{ "command": "toggleFullscreen", "keys": "f11" },{ "command": "openNewTabDropdown", "keys": "ctrl+shift+space" },{ "command": "openSettings", "keys": "ctrl+," },{ "command": { "action": "openSettings", "target": "defaultsFile" }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+," },{ "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },// Tab Management// "command": "closeTab" is unbound by default.//   The closeTab command closes a tab without confirmation, even if it has multiple panes.{ "command": "newTab", "keys": "ctrl+shift+t" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 0 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+1" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 1 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+2" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 2 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+3" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 3 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+4" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 4 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+5" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 5 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+6" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 6 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+7" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 7 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+8" },{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 8 }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+9" },{ "command": "duplicateTab", "keys": "ctrl+shift+d" },{ "command": "nextTab", "keys": "ctrl+tab" },{ "command": "prevTab", "keys": "ctrl+shift+tab" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 0 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+1" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 1 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+2" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 2 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+3" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 3 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+4" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 4 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+5" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 5 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+6" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 6 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+7" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 7 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+8" },{ "command": { "action": "switchToTab", "index": 8 }, "keys": "ctrl+alt+9" },// Pane Management{ "command": "closePane", "keys": "ctrl+shift+w" },{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "horizontal" }, "keys": "alt+shift+-" },{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "vertical" }, "keys": "alt+shift+plus" },{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "down" }, "keys": "alt+shift+down" },{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "left" }, "keys": "alt+shift+left" },{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "right" }, "keys": "alt+shift+right" },{ "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "up" }, "keys": "alt+shift+up" },{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "down" }, "keys": "alt+down" },{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "left" }, "keys": "alt+left" },{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "right" }, "keys": "alt+right" },{ "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "up" }, "keys": "alt+up" },// Clipboard Integration{ "command": { "action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+shift+c" },{ "command": { "action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+insert" },{ "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+shift+v" },{ "command": "paste", "keys": "shift+insert" },// Scrollback{ "command": "scrollDown", "keys": "ctrl+shift+down" },{ "command": "scrollDownPage", "keys": "ctrl+shift+pgdn" },{ "command": "scrollUp", "keys": "ctrl+shift+up" },{ "command": "scrollUpPage", "keys": "ctrl+shift+pgup" },// Visual Adjustments{ "command": { "action": "adjustFontSize", "delta": 1 }, "keys": "ctrl+=" },{ "command": { "action": "adjustFontSize", "delta": -1 }, "keys": "ctrl+-" },{ "command": "resetFontSize", "keys": "ctrl+0" }]
}

View Code

这个文件的结构和Setting.json文件的结构基本上是一样的，只不过系统提供了比较多的默认配置。我们如果想写配置也可以用作参考。

1.系统提供的配色方案

可以看到在default.json"schemes"数组中提供了多种配色方案，例如"Campbell"、"Campbell Powershell"、"Vintage"等。

Campbell：

Solarized Light：

2. 配色方案的使用

使用方法就是在"profiles"节点中进行设置，例如Setting文件中做如下配置：

  //profiles配置"profiles": {"defaults": {// 设置通用配置"colorScheme": "Solarized Light"},"list": [{// 针对 cmd.exe 这个profile进行配置."guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}","name": "命令提示符","commandline": "cmd.exe","hidden": false,"colorScheme": "Tango Light"}// 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。]},

可以看到代码中分别针对“default"和”cmd.exe“做了"colorScheme": "Solarized Light"和"colorScheme": "Tango Light"的配置，这使每个tab均默认采用名为"Solarized Light"的配色方案，cmd的tab除外，因为专门在cmd的节点中定义的优先级要高于”default“的默认配置。

这也使我们简单了解了"profiles"的配置方式。我们可以像配置配色方案一样配置其他属性。例如可以通过如下代码将默认的背景颜色设置成红色(挺丑的)。

    "defaults": {// 设置通用配置"background": "#FF0000"},

当然这只是例子，关于这样的样式设置还是通过建议自定义colorScheme来实现(见下节)。不只是样式，还可以设置光标、键盘、tab的标题等，这里就不一一介绍了，详见本文底部的官方链接。

3. 自定义colorScheme

本节我们自定义一个colorScheme。

  //自定义的color schemes放在这里"schemes": [{"name": "FlyLolo Test","cursorColor": "#5F04B4","background": "#FFFFFF","selectionBackground": "#D8F781","black": "#3C5712","blue": "#17b2ff","brightBlack": "#749B36","brightBlue": "#27B2F6","brightCyan": "#13A8C0","brightGreen": "#89AF50","brightPurple": "#F2A20A","brightRed": "#F49B36","brightWhite": "#741274","brightYellow": "#991070","cyan": "#3C96A6","foreground": "#6A0888","green": "#6AAE08","purple": "#991070","red": "#8D0C0C","white": "#6E386E","yellow": "#991070"}]

设置了Windows PowerShell的背景和毛玻璃效果：

      {// 针对 powershell.exe 这个profile进行配置."guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}","name": "Windows PowerShell","commandline": "powershell.exe","hidden": false,"colorScheme": "FlyLolo Test","useAcrylic": true,"acrylicOpacity": 0.7,"backgroundImage": "D://1.png","backgroundImageStretchMode": "none","backgroundImageAlignment": "bottomRight","backgroundImageOpacity": "0.6"},

最终效果如下图。背景图个人建议不要弄全屏的炫图，好看，但打字时就不实用了。

四、连接CentOS

之前连接CentOS习惯使用PuTTY，现在是否可以通过Windows Terminal来实现呢？在第二节我们知道可以在profiles的List集合中配置新的下拉选项功能。

在List中添加如下代码：

{"guid": "{439227e1-65b3-4a60-a518-74afeca0c7c0}","hidden": false,"name": "CentOS","commandline": "ssh 用户名@域名orIP -p 端口号","icon": "ms-appdata:///Local/Centos.png"
}

icon 需要自己设置，VS右键点击settings.json标签，找到该文件所在的位置，

网上找了个centOS的图标，，放在settings.json的相同目录下，配置中就可以通过 "icon": "ms-appdata:///Local/Centos.png" 这样的路径设置了。

这样就配置完了，保存settings.json文件，无需重新启动Windows Terminal就可以在下拉选项中找到CentOS了，点击该选项，会出现如下窗口，输入密码登录成功。

参考地址：Windows 终端概述 | Microsoft Docs

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