Python：masonite初体验TodoList

文档：https://docs.masoniteproject.com/

初次体验框架，感觉里边提供了丰富的命令行工具可以快速开发，
主要是ORM很棒，区别于Python生态Django等的ORM，和PHP的laravel很像，简单高效

一、环境配置

环境

Python 3.4+
masonite 2.2.26
masonite-cli 2.2.2

安装

$ pip install masonite-cli
$ craft  # 查看帮助

二、新建一个项目

# 1、新建项目
craft new project_name
cd project_name# 2、安装依赖
craft install  # 3、启动服务
craft serve

访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/
出现欢迎界面

三、示例1：Hello World

1、创建控制器

$ craft controller Index

app/http/controllers/IndexController.py

"""A IndexController Module."""from masonite.request import Request
from masonite.view import View
from masonite.controllers import Controllerclass IndexController(Controller):"""IndexController Controller Class."""def __init__(self, request: Request):"""IndexController InitializerArguments:request {masonite.request.Request} -- The Masonite Request class."""self.request = requestdef show(self, view: View):return "Hello world"

2、配置路由

routes/web.py

"""Web Routes."""from masonite.routes import Get, PostROUTES = [Get('/', 'IndexController@show'),
]

masonite默认会自动重启服务
再次访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/

显示：Hello world

示例2：新建TODOLIST项目

1、配置数据库,使用sqlite

.env

DB_CONNECTION=sqlite
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=data.db
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=root
DB_LOG=True

2、创建迁移文件

$ craft migration create_todolist_table --create todolist

设置3个字段：id，title，complete_time
databases/migrations/create_todolist_table.py

from orator.migrations import Migrationclass CreateTodolistTable(Migration):def up(self):"""Run the migrations."""with self.schema.create('todolist') as table:table.increments('id')table.string('title')table.datetime('complete_time').nullable()  # 可以为nulltable.timestamps()def down(self):"""Revert the migrations."""self.schema.drop('todolist')

迁移数据, 建表

$ craft migrate

查看建表语句

CREATE TABLE "todolist" ("id" INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title" VARCHAR NOT NULL, "complete_time" DATETIME NULL, "created_at" DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, "updated_at" DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
);

可以看到默认多加了2个字段：created_at，updated_at

3、创建Model

$ craft model TodoList

稍作修改
app/TodoList.py

"""TodoList Model."""from config.database import Modelclass TodoList(Model):"""TodoList Model."""# 查询数据库的时候会在类名后加s，所以自定义表名__table__ = "todolist"# 要写入的字段__fillable__ = ['title', 'complete_time']

4、创建模板

$ craft view index
$ craft view detail

其中模板引擎使用的是 Jinja2

resources/templates/index.html


<h1>TODO LIST</h1><a href="/add"><button>添加</button></a>
<a href="/truncate"><button>清空</button></a><table border="1"><thead><tr><td>序号</td><td>任务</td><td>完成时间</td><td>编辑</td><td>删除</td></tr></thead><tbody>{% for row in rows %}<tr><td>{{ row.id }} </td><td>{{ row.title }} </td>{% if row.complete_time %}<td>{{ row.complete_time }}</td>{% else %}<td><a href="/complete/{{ row.id }}"><button>完成</button></a></td>{% endif %}<td><a href="/edit/{{ row.id }}"><button>修改</button></a></td><td><a href="/delete/{{ row.id }}"><button>删除</button></a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody>
</table>

resources/templates/edit.html

<form action="/save" method="post">{{ csrf_field }}<input type="hidden" name="id" id="title" value="{{ row.id }}"><label for="title"></label><input type="text" name="title" id="title" value="{{ row.title }}"><input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

5、编写对应的控制器方法

"""A IndexController Module."""from masonite.request import Request
from masonite.view import View
from masonite.controllers import Controllerfrom app.TodoList import TodoList
from datetime import datetimeclass IndexController(Controller):"""IndexController Controller Class."""def __init__(self, request: Request, view: View):"""IndexController InitializerArguments:request {masonite.request.Request} -- The Masonite Request class."""self.request = requestself.view = viewdef index(self):rows = TodoList.all()return self.view.render('index', {"rows": rows})def save(self):uid = self.request.input("id")title = self.request.input("title")if uid:TodoList.where('id', '=', uid).update({'title': title})else:TodoList.create(title=title)return self.request.redirect("/")def detail(self):uid = self.request.param("id")row = TodoList.find(uid)return self.view.render('edit', {"row": row})def delete(self):uid = self.request.param("id")TodoList.find(uid).delete()return self.request.redirect("/")def complete(self):uid = self.request.param("id")current_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")TodoList.where('id', '=', uid).update({'complete_time': current_time})return self.request.redirect("/")def truncate(self):TodoList.truncate()return self.request.redirect("/")

6、配置路由文件

"""Web Routes."""from masonite.routes import Get, PostROUTES = [Get('/', 'IndexController@index'),Get('/add', 'IndexController@detail'),Get('/edit/@id', 'IndexController@detail'),Get('/delete/@id', 'IndexController@delete'),Get('/complete/@id', 'IndexController@complete'),Get('/truncate', 'IndexController@truncate'),Post('/save', 'IndexController@save'),
]

7、界面展示

参考文章
https://docs.masoniteproject.com/creating-a-blog