JAVA网络编程【子】

IP： InetAddress

唯一定位网络上的计算机
127.0.0.1 本机localhost
ip地址分类 IPV4/IPV6

IPV4 4个字节（0~255）共42亿 110.242.69.7
IPV6 128位16字节 8个无符号整数 fd6d:a06a:4864:0:6de5:84a5:ce7:de56

ip地址分类互联网——局域网

局域网 128.168.x.x
ABCD类 A:1.0.0.0---127.255.255.255(1677_7214台) B:128.0.0.0---191.255.255.255（6万多台）C:192.0.0.0---223.255.255.255(254台) D:224.0.0.0---239.255.255.255

InetAddress inetAddress0 = InetAddress.getByName("www.bilibili.com");查询网站ip地址

InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();获取本机ip地址

常用方法：inetaddress.getCanonicalHostName() 【规范名字】 inetaddress.getHostAddress()【ip】 inetaddress.getHostName()【域名】

package hk.tcp_udp_url.lesson1;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class InetAddress1 {public static void main(String[] args) {try{InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");System.out.println(inetAddress);InetAddress inetAddress0 = InetAddress.getByName("www.bilibili.com");System.out.println(inetAddress0);}catch (UnknownHostException e){e.printStackTrace();}}
}

端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序进程
不同的进程有不同的端口号，用来区分软件
TCP,UDP: 端口号0~65535 单个协议下端口号不能冲突 65535*2
端口分类

共有端口 0~1023 尽量不要占用
1. HTTP:80
2. HTTPS:443
3. FTP:21 T
4. elent:23
程序注册端口：2014~49151
- Tomcat：8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
动态，私有 49152~65535
- cmd查看所有端口命令
  - ```
  netstat -nao
```
- 查看指定端口
  - ```
  netstat -nao|findstr "xxx"
```
- 查看指定端口进程
  - ```
  tasklist|findstr "xxx"
```
InetSocketAddress

System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());//ip地址

package hk.tcp_udp_url.lesson1;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;public class Lesson2 {public static void main(String[] args) {InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());//端口System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());//ip地址}
}

通信协议

TCP/IP协议簇 一组协议

TCP:用户传输协议需要连接才能发送三次握手；四次挥手

UDP:用户数据报协议不用连接就能发送（DDos攻击）

TCP 通信：

客户端：

1. 获取地址，端口；连接服务器socket

socket = new Socket(byName【地址】,port【端口】);

2. 发送消息

outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("你好，连接成功了吗？".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

package hk.tcp_udp_url.TCP.deom1;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {Socket socket =null;OutputStream outputStream =null;try {//获取地址InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");//端口int port =9999;//创建端口socket连接socket = new Socket(byName,port);//发送消息outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();outputStream.write("你好，连接成功了吗？".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {if (outputStream!=null){try {outputStream.close();}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}if (socket!=null){try {socket.close();}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}}}
}

服务端：

1. 建立端口ServerSocket

2. 等待客户端连接accept

3. 接收信息inputStream

package hk.tcp_udp_url.TCP.deom1;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;public class Server {public static void main(String[] args) {ServerSocket serverSocket =null;Socket socket=null;InputStream inputStream =null;ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream =null;try {//创建地址serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);while (true){//等待客户端连接socket=serverSocket.accept();//读取客户端信息inputStream = socket.getInputStream();//管道流byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];int len;while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);}System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());}}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {//关闭流//后创建的先关闭if (byteArrayOutputStream!=null){try {byteArrayOutputStream.close();}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}if (inputStream!=null){try {inputStream.close();}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}if (socket!=null){try {socket.close();}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}if (serverSocket!=null){try {serverSocket.close();}catch (IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}}}
}

TCP: 传文件

服务端

{public static void main(String[] args) {ServerSocket serverSocket =null;Socket accept =null;InputStream inputStream =null;FileOutputStream fileOutputStream =null;try {//创建地址serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9611);//等待客户连接accept = serverSocket.accept();//读取输入流inputStream = accept.getInputStream();//管道输出流fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\hk\\Desktop\\002.jpg"));byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int len;while((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){fileOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);}//通知客户端接收完毕OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();outputStream.write("接收完毕，可以断开".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));//关闭资源serverSocket.close();accept.close();inputStream.close();fileOutputStream.close();}catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

客户端

package hk.tcp_udp_url.TCP.file;import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;public class Client1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{//连接服务器socketSocket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9611);//创建一个输出流OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();//读取文件FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\hk\\Desktop\\《火影忍者》九只尾兽4k壁纸图片.jpg"));//写出文件byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int len;while ((len=fileInputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);}//终断输出流socket.shutdownOutput();//确定服务端接收完毕InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();//管道流接收ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();byte[] bytes1 = new byte[1024];int len1;while((len1=inputStream.read(bytes1))!=-1){byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes1,0,len1);}System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());//关闭资源inputStream.close();byteArrayOutputStream.close();fileInputStream.close();outputStream.close();socket.close();}

UDP 不用连接，只需地址

udp发送消息

发送端

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom1;import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{//建立个SocketDatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();//建包String msg="Hello,world";InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");int port=12900;DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);//发送包datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);datagramSocket.close();}
}

接收端

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom1;import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;public class Server {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{//开放端口DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(12900);//接收包byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞接收System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress());System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getData().length));//关闭连接datagramSocket.close();}
}

单方向连续发送信息

发送方

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom2;import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;public class Sender {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(19000);//从system.in读取数据BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));while(true){String data= bufferedReader.readLine();byte[] datas=data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",7922));datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);if (data.equals("拜拜")){break;}}datagramSocket.close();}
}

接收方

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom2;import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;public class Receive {public static void main(String[] args) throws  Exception {DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(7922);while (true) {//接收信息byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//断开判断  “拜拜”byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();String datas = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());System.out.println(datas);if (datas.equals("拜拜")) {break;}}datagramSocket.close();}
}

UDP 多线程双向通信

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom3;import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{DatagramSocket datagramSocket =null;private int port;private String msf;public TalkReceive(int port,String msf)throws Exception {this.port=port;this.msf=msf;datagramSocket=new DatagramSocket(this.port);}@Overridepublic void run() {while(true){try {//接收信息byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//断开判断  “拜拜”byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();String datas = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());System.out.println(msf+" :"+datas);if (datas.equals("拜拜")) {break;}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}datagramSocket.close();}
}

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom3;import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;public class TalkSend implements Runnable{DatagramSocket datagramSocket =null;BufferedReader bufferedReader =null;private int fromPort;private String toIP;private int toPort;public TalkSend(int fromPort,String toIP,int toPort) {this.fromPort=fromPort;this.toIP=toIP;this.toPort=toPort;try{datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}@Overridepublic void run() {while (true){try {String data= bufferedReader.readLine();byte[] datas=data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);if (data.equals("拜拜")){break;}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}datagramSocket.close();}
}

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom3;public class Talk1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//开启线程new Thread(new TalkSend(2291,"127.0.0.1",2223)).start();new Thread(new TalkReceive(2222,"P2")).start();}
}

package hk.tcp_udp_url.udp.deom3;public class Talk2 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {new Thread(new TalkSend(2842,"127.0.0.1",2222)).start();new Thread(new TalkReceive(2223,"P1")).start();}
}

URL 【爬虫，python方便】

package hk.tcp_udp_url;import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;public class URL0 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//创建URL类URL url = new URL("https://github.com");//连接url的HTTPHttpURLConnection urlConnection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();FileOutputStream urltext = new FileOutputStream("urltext");byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int len;while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){urltext.write(bytes,0,len);}urltext.close();inputStream.close();urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接}
}

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