UEFI 基础教程（一） - 基于QEMU搭建UEFI开发环境(win/linux)

一、EDKII windows 环境搭建

1. 下载`UEFI`开源代码

cmd进入C盘根目录，git clone https://github.com/tianocore/edk2.git edkii && cd edkii && git submodule update --init
(太慢的话，使用gitee, git clone https://gitee.com/xiaopangzi313/edk2.git)

2. 安装`ASL`编译器

下载 iasl-win-20190405.zip，然后解压至C:\asl。

3. 安装`NASM`编译器

下载 nasm-2.14.02-win64.zip，解压nasm-2.14.02-win64.zip到C:\nasm

4. 安装VS2013或者VS2015(过程略)

5. 修改启动脚本`edksetup.bat`

进入edk2目录，在edksetup.bat最后一行添加
build -a IA32,X64 -p OvmfPkg\OvmfPkgX64.dsc -D DEBUG_ON_SERIAL_PORT

6. 编译 `OVMF.FD` 固件文件

在edk2目录执行edksetup.bat,

运行结果如下,

为了运行方便，可以将edksetup.bat放入右键菜单，编写以下文本保存为EDK2_Build.reg 并双击运行，

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell\EDK2_Build]
@="EDK2_Build"
"Icon"="cmd.exe"[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell\EDK2_Build\command]
@="cmd.exe /s /k pushd \"%V\" && edksetup.bat"[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\EDK2_Build]
@="EDK2_Build"
"Icon"="cmd.exe"[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\EDK2_Build\command]
@="cmd.exe /s /k pushd \"%V\"  && edksetup.bat"

即可以使用右键菜单运行编译脚本，

查看生成的固件文件，dir C:\edkii\Build\OvmfX64\DEBUG_VS2013x86\FV\*.fd

7. 安装QEMU(X64)虚拟机

下载QEMU并安装，链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1aQ7wmQ6bUOInUs94PmAFHA 提取码：csdn
–来自百度网盘超级会员V1的分享
在C盘创建QEMU并进入，拷贝OVMF.FD到当前目录，创建启动脚本setup-qemu-x64.bat
C:\qemu>echo "C:\Program Files\qemu\qemu-system-x86_64.exe" -bios "OVMF.fd" -M "pc" -m 256 -cpu "qemu64" -boot order=dc -serial stdio >> setup-qemu-x64.bat
运行脚本 setup-qemu-x64.bat，

效果如下，

图中，左侧为Console串口输出，右侧为QEMU的shell界面。

二、EDKII Linux（Centos7）环境搭建

1. 设置软件源

# 备份当前repo文件
cp  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.back
# 下载ali cloud centos 源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# 安装扩展仓库
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

2. 安装编译器、模拟器环境

·yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ git python3 nasm iasl libuuid-devel qemu
#安装GUI
yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" "Graphical Administration Tools"
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target

3. 下载UEFI开源代码

git clone https://github.com/tianocore/edk2.git edkii(如果太慢可以sync到自己的gitee账户，如我的gitee, git clone https://gitee.com/xiaopangzi313/edk2.git)

4. 编译UEFI开源代码

# 编译basetoolsmake -C /root/edk2/BaseTools/Source/C
# 编译 Ovmf.fd./OvmfPkg/build.sh -D DEBUG_ON_SERIAL_PORT

5. 使用`QEMU`加载`Ovmf.fd`

qemu-system-x86_64 -bios ./Build/OvmfX64/DEBUG_GCC48/FV/OVMF.fd

PS:
VMware/Vbox console操作不方便，可以尝试使用虚拟串口方式。
- 虚拟机设置->硬件>添加->串行端口->使用命名管道->输入\\.\pipe\com_1
- Centos 下配置grub:
  1. sed 's/quiet/console=ttyS1,9600 loglevel=8/' -i /etc/default/grub
  2. grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
  3. grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg
  4. reboot
- Putty 配置，serial line设置为\\.\pipe\com_1，speed设置为9600
  效果如下：

三、UEFI OVMF 固件 boot Linux

1. 编译`Busybox`

#安装相关依赖库以及tool
yum -y  install gcc  gcc-c++
yum install -y ncurses ncurses-devel
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel openssl-devel dwarves make flex bison
yum install -y glibc-static#创建工作目录
CSDN=/root/csdn
TOP_BUILD=$CSDN/build
mkdidr -p $(TOP_BUILD)
cd $CSDN#下载解压busybox源码
wget  https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.26.2.tar.bz2  --no-check-certificate
tar xjf busybox-1.26.2.tar.bz2

#生成.config
cd $CSDN/busybox-1.26.2
mkdir -pv $TOP_BUILD/obj/busybox-x86
make O=$TOP_BUILD/obj/busybox-x86 defconfigmake O=$TOP_BUILD/obj/busybox-x86 menuconfig
sed -i "s/.*CONFIG_STATIC.*/CONFIG_STATIC=y/" .config
(或者Busybox Settings  ---> Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs).)cd $TOP_BUILD/obj/busybox-x86
make -j2
make install

编译完成如下：

测试下busybox:

2. 制作initramfs

#创建假的文件系统目录
mkdir -pv $TOP_BUILD/initramfs/x86-busybox
cd $TOP_BUILD/initramfs/x86-busybox
mkdir -pv {bin,dev/tty0,sbin,etc,proc,sys/kernel/debug,usr/{bin,sbin},lib,lib64,mnt/root,root}#copy 编译生成的busybox
cp -av $TOP_BUILD/obj/busybox-x86/_install/*  $TOP_BUILD/initramfs/x86-busybox
cp -av /dev/{null,console,tty,sda1} $TOP_BUILD/initramfs/x86-busybox/dev/#创建init文件
cat > $TOP_BUILD/initramfs/x86-busybox/init < EOF
#!/bin/sh
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
#mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
mdev -s
echo -e "\nBoot took $(cut -d' ' -f1 /proc/uptime) seconds\n"
#exec /bin/sh
exec /sbin/init
EOF
chmod +x $TOP_BUILD/initramfs/x86-busybox/init#创建 ./etc/passwd与 ./etc/group
echo "root::0:0:root:/:/bin/sh" > ./etc/passwd
touch  ./etc/group #创建 ./etc/inittab
cat > ./etc/inittab << EOF
::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rcS
::respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /bin/sh ttyS0 115200
::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
::restart:/sbin/init
EOF#创建 . ./etc/fstab
cat > ./etc/fstab << EOF
proc     /proc    proc     defaults 0 0
sys      /sys     sysfs    defaults 0 0
none     /dev     devtmpfs defaults 0 0
tmpfs    /dev/shm tmpfs    defaults 0 0
none     /dev/pts devpts   defaults 0 0
EOF#创建 . ./etc/hostname
echo "busybox_csdn" >  ./etc/hostname#创建  ./etc/rc.d/rcS
mkdir -p ./etc/rc.d/ && touch ./etc/rc.d/rcSecho '#!/bin/sh
/bin/hostname -F /etc/hostname
/bin/mount /proc               # We need to do this before remounting root
/bin/mount /sys
/bin/mount -o remount,rw /     # Remount read-write
/bin/mount /dev
/bin/mkdir /dev/shm
/bin/mkdir /dev/pts
/bin/mount -a                  # Mount all filesystems in fstab, except those marked with 'noauto'
/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1    # Setup loopback interface for network (if you have networking in your kernel)
#/sbin/inetd                    # If you want inetd to run
#/sbin/telnetd                  # If you want standalone telnetd to run -- incompatible with inetd it seems
' > ./etc/rc.d/rcS
chmod +x ./etc/rc.d/rcS#创建 tty设备文件
mknod ./dev/tty1 c 4 1
mknod ./dev/tty2 c 4 2
mknod ./dev/tty3 c 4 3
mknod ./dev/tty4 c 4 4
ls -l ./dev/tty[0-9]

#打包initramfs
cd $TOP_BUILD/initramfs/x86-busybox
find . -print0 | cpio --null -ov --format=newc     | gzip -9 > $TOP_BUILD/obj/initramfs-busybox-x86.cpio.gz

3. 制作支持EFI的 Linux 硬盘镜像

# 安装相关的toolyum install -y dosfstoolsyum install -y  grub2-efi-x64-modules.noarchyum install -y  efibootmgr
# 插入 USB 到PC同时保证被Vmware能识别（或者直接宿主linux）

#对U盘前500MB清零dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb  bs=1M count=512;    #对U盘(/dev/sdb)进行分区
gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10Partition table scan:MBR: protectiveBSD: not presentAPM: not presentGPT: presentFound valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 60062500 sectors, 28.6 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 2280F128-40B9-44EF-8972-59E8AA2C1DD3
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 60062466
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 60062433 sectors (28.6 GiB)Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  NameCommand (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-60062466, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-60062466, default = 60062466) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 110MiB
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): EF00
Changed type of partition to 'EFI System'Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 60062500 sectors, 28.6 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 2280F128-40B9-44EF-8972-59E8AA2C1DD3
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 60062466
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 59839200 sectors (28.5 GiB)Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name1            2048          225280   109.0 MiB   EF00  EFI SystemCommand (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2):
First sector (34-60062466, default = 227328) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (227328-60062466, default = 60062466) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 400MiB
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 60062500 sectors, 28.6 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 2280F128-40B9-44EF-8972-59E8AA2C1DD3
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 60062466
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 59247327 sectors (28.3 GiB)Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name1            2048          225280   109.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System2          227328          819200   289.0 MiB   8300  Linux filesystemCommand (? for help): wFinal checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
The operation has completed successfully.
[root@localhost ~]#

#对U盘(/dev/sdb)进行格式化
fdisk -l  /dev/sdb
mkfs.vfat  -F 32 -s 2 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2

#对U盘安装bootloader这里用grub tool，也可以使用LILO
mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/
mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
mkdir -p /mnt/boot/grub
mount /dev/sdb1  /mnt/boot/efi
grub2-install --root-directory=/mnt/   --target=x86_64-efi   /dev/sdb

#创建EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi，确保UEFI可以boot
mkdir -p  /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
cp  /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/centos/grubx64.efi  /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi# copy 本机的kernel 镜像（也可以自己编译）
cp  /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64  /mnt/#copy上面编译的busybox initramfs
cp   /root/csdn/build/obj/initramfs-busybox-x86.cpio.gz  /mnt/

# 获取主分区的UUID用来填充grub.cfg
lsblk -f

# 制作启动菜单
echo 'menuentry 'csdn-kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {insmod gzioinsmod part_gptsearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e619cba7-494d-4e0a-976d-e5d6ca196dbcecho 'Loading csdn kernel 3.10.0 ...'linux  /vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64  rw init=/bin/sh console=ttyS0,9600n8 console=tty0 consoleblank=0 earlyprintk=ttyS0,9600 kgdboc=kbd,ttyS0 loglevel=7echo   'Loading initial ramdisk busybox  ...'initrd /initramfs-busybox-x86.cpio.gz
}'  > /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg

#卸载U盘
umount /dev/sdb1
umount /dev/sdb2# 导出U盘为HardDisk image
dd if=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=819200 of=./csdn_busybox.img

4. 使用OVMF 固件启动 Linux 硬盘镜像

1.`Windows 端启动

chcp 65001 && "C:\Program Files\qemu\qemu-system-x86_64.exe" -bios "OVMF.fd" -M "pc" -m 256 -cpu "qemu64" -boot order=dc -serial stdio -hda "csdn_busybox.img"
press F2 -> uefi shell

退出shell,进入setup, 再进入boot entry

2.`Linux端启动

qemu-system-x86_64 -bios ./Build/OvmfX64/DEBUG_GCC48/FV/OVMF.fd -serial stdio -hda /root/csdn_busybox.img

5. 使用OVMF 固件启动 win10硬盘镜像

cmd 中执行如下命令qemu-system-x86_64.exe -bios "OVMF.fd" -M "pc" -m 4096 -cpu "qemu64" -hda E:\iso\win10_xxx.raw -serial stdio (注意：win10 镜像可以通过vmware以及vbox制作)

6. 使用OVMF 固件启动 FWTS硬盘镜像

cmd 中执行如下命令chcp 65001 && "C:\Program Files\qemu\qemu-system-x86_64.exe" -bios "OVMF.fd" -M "pc" -m 4096 -cpu "qemu64" -boot order=dc -serial stdio -hda fwts-live-22.03.00-x86_64.img -usbdevice disk:HDD_BOOT.img (注意：fwts镜像可以从 https://fwts.ubuntu.com/fwts-live/ 下载)

小结：

本章完成了UEFI 开源固件OVMF的编译环境搭建以及使用OVMF 启动UEFI shell / Linux OS （busybox + fwts）/ windows . 后续再会添加OVMF启动ReactOS.

PS:
本文使用的Qemu安装包，OVMF固件以及busybox可以从以下链接下载
qemu+ovmf+busybox