by Niharika Singh

由Niharika Singh

边做边学：《 Inter Planetary File System》简介 (Learn by doing: a nice and easy intro to the Inter Planetary File System)

IPFS入门 (Primer on IPFS)

IPFS is short for Inter Planetary File System. It is a peer-to-peer, distributed file system to make the web faster, safer, and more open. To shift from the present version of the web to a distributed version of the web, we need the IPFS. Essentially, the aim is to replace HTTP.

IPFS是“行星际文件系统”的缩写。 它是一个点对点的分布式文件系统，可以使Web更快，更安全，更开放。 为了从网络的当前版本转换为网络的分布式版本，我们需要IPFS。 本质上，目标是替换HTTP。

There are NO centralised servers. Everything is decentralised. Let’s see how this works by doing it.

没有集中式服务器。 一切都是分散的。 让我们看看它是如何工作的。

I wrote an article about how IPFS uses MerkleDAG, which can be found here.

我写了一篇关于IPFS如何使用MerkleDAG的文章，可以在这里找到。

步骤1：安装IPFS (STEP 1: Install IPFS)

IPFS alpha version is written in GoLang. You’ll need to download it for your platform from this link.

IPFS alpha版本用GoLang编写。 您需要从此链接为您的平台下载它。

To check that you’ve successfully installed IPFS, open the command console and enter the following command.

要检查您是否已成功安装IPFS，请打开命令控制台并输入以下命令。

$ ipfs help

If you see something which starts like this:

如果您看到类似这样的内容：

USAGE

ipfs - Global p2p merkle-dag filesystem.

ipfs [--config=<config> | -c] [--debug=<debug> | -D] [--help=<help>] [-h=<h>] [--local=<local> | -L] [--api=<api>] <command> ...

Then you’re good to go!

那您就可以出发了！

步骤2：初始化IPFS节点 (Step 2: Initialize IPFS Node)

To initialize your local machine as an IPFS node, run the following command:

要将本地计算机初始化为IPFS节点，请运行以下命令：

$ ipfs init

This command initializes IPFS configuration files and generates a new keypair using 2048 bit-RSA. This will produce your peer identity as an output.

该命令初始化IPFS配置文件，并使用2048位RSA生成新的密钥对。 这将产生您的对等身份作为输出。

You’ll see something like this:

您会看到以下内容：

initializing IPFS node at /Users/niharikasingh/.ipfs

generating 2048-bit RSA keypair...done

peer identity: QmTo1oMgGEH6Ym3H1xF55U7q4bexd5288YmEJjubDqVmKn

to get started, enter:

ipfs cat /ipfs/QmS4ustL54uo8FzR9455qaxZwuMiUhyvMcX9Ba8nUH4uVv/readme

You’ll have a different peer identity than mine.

您将拥有与我不同的对等身份。

Now run the following command to see the hello message:

现在运行以下命令以查看问候消息：

$ ipfs cat /ipfs/QmS4ustL54uo8FzR9455qaxZwuMiUhyvMcX9Ba8nUH4uVv/readme

You’ll see a result that looks something like this:

您会看到类似以下内容的结果：

Hello and Welcome to IPFS!

██╗██████╗ ███████╗███████╗

██║██╔══██╗██╔════╝██╔════╝

██║██████╔╝█████╗  ███████╗

██║██╔═══╝ ██╔══╝  ╚════██║

██║██║     ██║     ███████║

╚═╝╚═╝     ╚═╝     ╚══════╝

If you're seeing this, you have successfully installed

IPFS and are now interfacing with the ipfs merkledag!

-------------------------------------------------------

| Warning:                                              |

|   This is alpha software. Use at your own discretion! |

|   Much is missing or lacking polish. There are bugs.  |

|   Not yet secure. Read the security notes for more.   |

-------------------------------------------------------

Check out some of the other files in this directory:

./about

./help

./quick-start     <-- usage examples

./readme          <-- this file

./security-notes

Voilà!

瞧！

步骤3：将一些文件添加到IPFS (Step 3: Add some files to IPFS)

Create a demo folder anywhere on your machine and throw in a couple of files. Any type of files: images, videos, music…literally anything. You can even add another folder within this folder.

在计算机上的任何位置创建一个演示文件夹，并放入几个文件。 任何类型的文件：图像，视频，音乐……实际上是任何东西。 您甚至可以在此文件夹中添加另一个文件夹。

Suppose the folder is named “test-ipfs”. So to push these files, first navigate into this folder on your command line and then run the following command:

假设该文件夹名为“ test-ipfs”。 因此，要推送这些文件，请首先在命令行上导航到该文件夹​​，然后运行以下命令：

$ ipfs add -r .

This command adds all files/directories present in the folder to IPFS recursively to create the IPFS MerkleDAG. You can even add a single file by using the following command: $ ipfs add <filename.extension>

此命令将文件夹中存在的所有文件/目录递归添加到IPFS，以创建IPFS MerkleDAG。 您甚至可以使用以下命令添加单个文件： $ ipfs add <filename.extensi on>

This creates the following output:

这将创建以下输出：

added QmSTuTEThyESvDgmYdao2HK6kurXe2pqjA1KHPD8wSHVy7 test-ipfs/donut.jpeg

added QmSR9MJ5resQLjwqy7kEVVKJwTvDG53Npt9i1c6jZeZDtW test-ipfs/purse.jpeg

added QmUNLLsPACCz1vLxQVkXqqLX5R1X345qqfHbsf67hvA3Nn test-ipfs/folder1

added QmaKZ3dnc9ejBdGgEDCRtsLFNRxcY67HLjk6gXUnk9sdM9 test-ipfs

You’ll notice this long thing is the unique hash of that particular file. All the files and directories, as well as the parent folder, will have their unique hash.

您会注意到，这件事很长，是该特定文件的唯一哈希。 所有文件和目录以及父文件夹将具有其唯一的哈希。

$ ipfs ls QmaKZ3dnc9ejBdGgEDCRtsLFNRxcY67HLjk6gXUnk9sdM9

This works exactly like the UNIX file system. The expected output will show the following:

这与UNIX文件系统完全一样。 预期的输出将显示以下内容：

QmSTuTEThyESvDgmYdao2HK6kurXe2pqjA1KHPD8wSHVy7 219859 donut.jpeg

QmUNLLsPACCz1vLxQVkXqqLX5R1X345qqfHbsf67hvA3Nn 4      folder1/

QmSR9MJ5resQLjwqy7kEVVKJwTvDG53Npt9i1c6jZeZDtW 110254 purse.jpeg

The file size is shown at the end of the hash string. For example, 219859 is the file size of donut.jpeg.

文件大小显示在哈希字符串的末尾。 例如，219859是donut.jpeg的文件大小。

步骤4：在线访问文件 (Step 4: Access files online)

To access files online, first we’ve got to connect our node to the IPFS network. To do that, we’ve got to run the IPFS daemon.

要在线访问文件，首先我们必须将节点连接到IPFS网络。 为此，我们必须运行IPFS守护程序。

$ ipfs daemon

This will produce the following output:

这将产生以下输出：

Initializing daemon...

Successfully raised file descriptor limit to 2048.

Swarm listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001

Swarm listening on /ip4/169.254.100.132/tcp/4001

Swarm listening on /ip4/192.168.1.3/tcp/4001

Swarm listening on /ip6/::1/tcp/4001

Swarm listening on /p2p-circuit/ipfs/QmTo1oMgGEH6Ym3H1xF55U7q4bexd5288YmEJjubDqVmKn

Swarm announcing /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001

Swarm announcing /ip4/169.254.100.132/tcp/4001

Swarm announcing /ip4/192.168.1.3/tcp/4001

Swarm announcing /ip6/::1/tcp/4001

API server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001

Gateway (readonly) server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8080

Daemon is ready

Now that you’ve pushed the files to IPFS, let’s see how can you access them.

现在您已将文件推送到IPFS，让我们看看如何访问它们。

localhost:8080/ipfs/hashOfTheFileYouWantToOpen

Suppose I wish to open purse.jpeg. I’ll copy the hash of purse.jpeg and hit the browser with the above syntax.

假设我要打开purse.jpeg。 我将复制purse.jpeg的哈希，并使用上述语法访问浏览器。

Likewise, you can even hear your music, video, and so on.

同样，您甚至可以听到您的音乐，视频等。

You can even access your content using the IPFS gateway:

您甚至可以使用IPFS网关访问内容：

gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/hashOfTheFile

You’re about to see real magic now!

您现在将要看到真正的魔术！

Point your browser to:

将浏览器指向：

127.0.0.1:5001/webui

You’ll see this screen:

您会看到以下屏幕：

Feel free to play around.

随意玩。

Connections: Will show you your peers all over the world.

人脉关系：将向您展示世界各地的同行。

Files: You can push files using the webUI.

文件：您可以使用webUI推送文件。

DAG: Will show you the MerkleDAG and show related info about the file when its hash is entered.

DAG：将显示MerkleDAG，并在输入其哈希值时显示有关文件的相关信息。

Config: This will show you configurations about your own machine.

配置：这将显示有关您自己计算机的配置。

步骤5：从您的同伴访问文件 (Step 5: Access files from your peers)

IPFS promises that there is no central server that is giving you the files. So what if I tell you that you can stream video from my laptop also even if IPFS daemon isn’t running on my computer?

IPFS保证没有中央服务器为您提供文件。 那么，如果我告诉你即使我的计算机上没有运行IPFS守护程序，也可以从笔记本电脑中传输视频怎么办？

I’ve uploaded Katy Perry’s Roar video online. You can access it from me rather than hitting YouTube.

我已经在线上传了凯蒂·佩里的咆哮视频。 您可以从我这里访问它，而无需访问YouTube。

Go to:

去：

localhost:8080/ipfs/QmWPCbXCK4NGXKac1QoKHdW7Qqud481T5FLHzu7RnSRDGR/

And enjoy!

享受吧！

You’ll be streaming this video on IPFS.

您将在IPFS上流播此视频。

You can even use VLC Media Player for this.

您甚至可以为此使用VLC Media Player。

URL used:

使用的网址：

http://localhost:8080/ipfs/QmWPCbXCK4NGXKac1QoKHdW7Qqud481T5FLHzu7RnSRDGR/Katy%20Perry%20-%20Roar%20%28Official%29.mp4

Feel free to play around with IPFS. This was a very brief overview. But I hope you got a basic idea about what IPFS is!

随时使用IPFS。 这是一个非常简短的概述。 但我希望您对IPFS是个基本概念！

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/ipfs-101-understand-by-doing-it-9f5622c4d4ed/