知识图谱开发实战案例剖析

by Nicole Archambault

妮可·阿坎巴特(Nicole Archambault)

我从剖析Web开发人员路线图中学到的知识 (What I learned from dissecting The Web Developer Roadmap)

以教别人为目标的学习的好处 (The benefits of learning with the goal of teaching others)

嘿freeCodeCampers和其他人！ (Hey freeCodeCampers and others!)

I’m Nicole, one of your fellow newbie web developers.

我是Nicole，您的新手网站开发人员之一。

I’m active in the freeCodeCamp community as organizer of the MetroWest MA freeCodeCamp Meetup, and host of the La Vie en Code Podcast. I was just recently awarded 2018 Top Contributor status by Quincy, which basically made my entire year. ?

我积极参加freeCodeCamp社区，担任MetroWest MA freeCodeCamp Meetup的组织者和La Vie en Code播客的主持人。 我刚被昆西(Quincy)授予2018年杰出贡献者身份，这基本上使我成为了全年。 ？

I love giving back and sharing whatever I can … which is actually what this article is about!

我喜欢回馈和分享我所能付出的一切……这实际上就是本文的目的！

我的故事 (A little of my story)

Like I said above, I’m a self-taught web developer like you may be. I’m not even fantastic at programming or anything. I totally own that. I’ll probably be a newbie forever, and that’s totally okay.

就像我上面说的，我是一个像你一样的自学成才的Web开发人员。 我什至都不擅长编程或其他任何事情。 我完全拥有。 我可能永远都是新手，这完全可以。

We’re all awful at things when we first try them. We might as well just enjoy the process of learning to code, because stressing it doesn’t make it any easier—and it’s not like you’re getting hurt or anything, right?

初次尝试时，我们对所有事情都感到恐惧。 我们不妨只是享受学习编码的过程，因为强调它并不会使它变得更容易，而且这也不意味着您受到了伤害或任何伤害，对吗？

I’ve definitely had myself in tears laughing when I expect one thing and get crap output that doesn’t help me at all, or the whole thing just blows up.

当我期望一件事并且得到根本无法帮助我的废话输出时，我肯定会哭着笑起来，否则整个事情都会崩溃。

It’s part of the process, and it’s fun. Or at least, I think it should be!

这是过程的一部分，很有趣 。 至少，我认为应该如此！

So, I’ve been fiddling around in the industry since 2015, when I decided to change careers from Customer Service, and learn to build for the web. I had started out as a Computer Science major in undergrad, but ultimately changed majors after I was discouraged from continuing due to poor performance—perhaps unintentionally, but the damage was still done.

因此，自2015年以来，我就一直在行业中徘徊，当时我决定从客户服务部门转行，并学习如何为Web进行构建。 我最初是本科生的计算机科学专业，但由于表现不佳而被阻止继续学习后，最终还是改了专业(也许是无意间)，但损害仍然存在。

When I began learning to code in 2015, I also started a blog called La Vie en Code. I wrote about a little of this and that, what I was learning, and random thoughts about web development that I figured could help others.

在2015年开始学习编码时，我还开设了一个名为La Vie en Code的博客。 我写了一些这样的东西，我所学到的东西以及我认为可以帮助他人的有关Web开发的随机想法。

I began coding in Portland, Oregon, then traveled cross-country in early 2016 to be closer to family. While there, I got my first web developer job at a tiny little shop on Cape Cod, MA, which I have an entire podcast episode on because it was… unique. ?

我开始在俄勒冈州的波特兰进行编码，然后在2016年初去越野旅行，以与家人更加亲密。 在那里，我在马萨诸塞州科德角的一家小商店里获得了我的第一份Web开发人员的工作，我在那里进行了整个播客节目 ，因为它很独特。 ？

Today, I’m still living in Massachusetts, and I’ve been through a job, freelancing, and am currently beginning to develop my own courses. It’s been a wild ride, because I had to grow a lot in the process of becoming a name in the industry, and I’m by no means there yet.

今天，我仍然住在马萨诸塞州，并且一直在工作，自由职业，并且现在开始开发自己的课程。 这是一个疯狂的旅程，因为在成为业界知名度的过程中，我必须成长很多，而我还没有到此为止。

I have actually taken the La Vie en Code “brand” to some new heights, though it’s really just me. I started the La Vie en Code Podcast in 2016, dedicated to self-educated web development students.

实际上，我把La Vie en Code的“品牌”提升到了新的高度，尽管实际上只是我一个人。 我于2016年发起了La Vie en Code播客 ，致力于为自学成才的Web开发学生。

My interests are pretty deeply rooted in this intersection of technology, psychology, education, and gaming. I talk about a variety of topics, including:

我的兴趣深深扎根于技术，心理学，教育和游戏的交汇处。 我谈论各种主题，包括：

• The experience of learning to code学习编码的经验
• The science of learning—and specifically, how to effectively learn the information you encounter学习的科学，尤其是如何有效学习遇到的信息的科学
• Games and gamification游戏与游戏化
• Theories of educational technology教育技术理论
• How to start your own blog如何建立自己的博客

• e-Learning platforms like Treehouse and freeCodeCamp

  电子学习平台，例如Treehouse和freeCodeCamp

• Interviews with other self-taught web dev students与其他自学成才的网络开发学生的访谈

• Mental illness and health

  精神疾病与健康

  (I actually have a pretty inspiring story there, to be honest)

  (老实说，我实际上在那里有一个很鼓舞人心的故事)

• Some simplified concepts, like JavaScript and the DOM

  一些简化的概念，例如JavaScript和DOM

This podcast is my heart and soul. I’ve struggled to get episodes out consistently due to health issues—but I always come back to it, because I love it. You may even identify with that feeling when it comes to web development.

这个播客是我的灵魂。 由于健康问题，我一直努力使发作不停地发作-但我总是回过头来，因为我喜欢它。 对于Web开发，您甚至可以认同这种感觉。

So, let’s talk about this challenge I gave myself back in April.

因此，让我们谈谈我四月份给自己带来的挑战。

我说的这种“挑战”是什么？ (What is this “challenge” I speak of?)

In short: I challenged myself to build a project that expanded on existing information out there for self-taught web developers. In other words, I would take a resource, “dissect” it, and build off of each part to help students better understand the content itself.

简而言之：我向自己发起挑战，以建立一个项目，以自学成才的Web开发人员扩展现有信息。 换句话说，我将使用一种资源，“剖析”它，并在每个部分的基础上进行构建，以帮助学生更好地理解内容本身。

Working this way took the pressure off of me to create something entirely new, and learn in the process. The project would be an audio-format walk-through of a resource that I felt could be explained on a more “simplified” level.

以这种方式工作减轻了我的压力，以创造全新的东西并在此过程中学习。 该项目将是一种音频格式的资源浏览，我认为可以在“更简化”的层次上进行解释。

Being able to communicate ideas that I have learned is important to me. I rely on others to be able to communicate ideas to me, and I have differences in my learning.

交流我已经学到的想法对我很重要。 我依靠别人能够与我交流思想，而且我的学习有所不同。

(This is primarily because—plot twist!—I am also on the Autism Spectrum. Learning has been hell for me, so I’m determined to help make it easier for others. I hadn’t yet been diagnosed when I recorded my second episode, How I Learned How I Learn, and I’ve learned so much more about myself even since then.)

(这主要是因为，剧情转折！ -我也很对自闭症 。学习一直是我的地狱，所以我决定来帮助别人更容易。我还没有当我记录我的第二次诊断插曲， 我如何得知我如何学习 ，甚至从那以后，我已经学到了很多有关自己。)

Basically, this was as much an exercise in learning and understanding as it was web development. And I knew that going into it. It made me want to do it even more.

基本上，这与Web开发一样，也是学习和理解的练习。 而且我知道要去做。 这让我想做更多。

So, what was I going to build off of? As a resource, I chose a flowchart created by fellow developer Kamran Ahmed. The resource was called The Web Developer Roadmap… and it was absolutely perfect for my project. I had referenced it several times throughout my education.

那么，我要以什么为基础呢？ 作为资源，我选择了由开发人员Kamran Ahmed创建的流程图。 该资源称为Web开发人员路线图 …对于我的项目而言绝对是完美的。 在整个学习过程中，我已经多次引用它。

什么是Web开发人员路线图？ (What is the Web Developer Road-map?)

Kamran Ahmed basically created this flowchart envisioning an “ideal” path to follow in order to learn web development.

Kamran Ahmed基本上创建了此流程图，设想了学习网络开发应遵循的“理想”路径。

It includes:

这包括：

• Basics/“Required for any path”: The concepts you need to know regardless of where you end up in web development

  基础知识/“任何路径都需要” ：无论最终在Web开发中处于什么位置，都需要了解的概念

• Front-end: The concepts and technologies required to build for the Front-End (client-side)

  前端：构建前端(客户端)所需的概念和技术

• Back-end: The concepts and technologies required to build for the Back-End (server-side)

  后端：构建后端(服务器端)所需的概念和技术

• And Dev Ops, which I decided to give myself a pass on trying to cover myself—that’s for a future guest episode, if anyone wants to come on the podcast and teach us! Just hit me up on Twitter.

  还有Dev Ops，我决定给自己一个通行证，以掩盖自己-如果有人想参加播客并教我们，这将是以后的嘉宾剧集！ 在Twitter上打我一下 。

(Instead of Dev Ops, I rounded out the series with a 4th episode on build tools: task runners, package managers, and module loaders. I’ll explain what they do, and how they can make our developer lives easier!)

(我代替Dev Ops，以第4集作为构建工具来完善该系列：任务运行器，程序包管理器和模块加载器。我将解释它们的作用，以及它们如何使我们的开发人员的工作更轻松！)

路线图上有哪些具体主题？ (What specific topics are on the Road-map?)

There are lots of topics across just the Basics/”Required for any path”, Front-end and Back-end sections alone. So, I was really proud of myself when I managed to get each section down to just an hour!

仅在基础知识/“任何路径都需要”，前端和后端部分中就有很多主题。 因此，当我设法将每个部分缩短到一个小时时，我为自己感到非常自豪！

Here are the topics, broken down by path:

以下是按主题细分的主题：

基础知识/任何路径都需要 (The Basics/Required for any path)

• Version Control: Git & GitHub版本控制：Git和GitHub
• SSH (Secure Shell)SSH(安全外壳)
• HTTP/HTTPS (and protocols in general)HTTP / HTTPS(和一般协议)
• APIs蜜蜂
• Basic Terminal Usage基本终端用法

• Learning to Research

  学习研究

  (

  (

  Critical for self-taught students)

  对于自学成才的学生至关重要 )

• Data Structures and Algorithms数据结构与算法
• Character Encodings字符编码
• Design Patterns设计模式
• Testing测试中
• Build Tools构建工具

前端 (Front-end)

• HTML BasicsHTML基础
• CSS BasicsCSS基础
• JavaScript BasicsJavaScript基础
• jQueryjQuery的
• Mobile Responsiveness移动响应度
• Package Managers and Dependencies包管理器和依赖项
• CSS Preprocessors/Frameworks/ArchitectureCSS预处理器/框架/体系结构
• Progressive Web Apps渐进式Web应用
• Type Checkers类型检查器
• Server-Side Rendering服务器端渲染

后端 (Back-end)

• Server-Side Langages服务器端语言
• Relational Databases关系数据库
• Non-Relational (NoSQL) Databases非关系(NoSQL)数据库
• Graph Databases图数据库
• Caching快取
• RESTful APIsRESTful API
• Authentication & Authorization Methodologies认证与授权方法
• Message Brokers消息经纪人
• Search Engines搜索引擎
• Containers/Docker容器/ Docker
• Web Servers网络服务器
• Websockets网络套接字
• GraphQLGraphQL

This was a lot of stuff. I had to do a lot of researching, as I expected I would. But I was also surprised at how much I knew, honestly.

这是很多东西。 正如我期望的那样，我不得不做很多研究。 但老实说，我也为自己的了解而感到惊讶。

I included the resources I used in the show notes. Some of the videos I used had less than 5,000 views on YouTube, but I really felt like they really explained the concept well.

我包括了在展示笔记中使用的资源。 我使用的某些视频在YouTube上的观看次数不到5,000，但是我真的觉得他们很好地解释了这一概念。

我从这次经验中学到了什么？ (What did I learn from the experience?)

非常！ (So Much!)

I would highly recommend that everyone challenge themselves to explain topics to others as simply as possible. It’s much more difficult than it would seem!

我会高度 建议每个人都挑战自己，以尽可能简单地向他人解释主题。 这比看起来要困难得多！

There’s one particularly important lesson here:

这里有一个特别重要的教训：

I was not100% sure, or anywhere close to it, that I would be explaining these concepts correctly. They were all going to be filtered through my own perception, and nobody’s perception is the same. I did bounce many of my explanations and contextualization off of developer friends on Twitter and got a majority thumbs-up before recording.

我不是 100％肯定或接近它的地方，我会正确地解释这些概念。 他们都会被我自己的看法过滤掉，没有人的看法是一样的。 我确实在Twitter上向开发者朋友反弹了我的许多解释和上下文，并在录制之前获得了大多数人的赞许。

But beyond that, I just had to trust that I knew enough through my research to be able to speak on the topic, and help others.

但是除此之外，我只需要相信自己通过研究就足够了解该话题，并可以帮助他人。

I had done a technical topic on the podcast before: JavaScript and the DOM. But that was nothing compared to covering an entire “roadmap” of web development topics.

之前，我在播客上做了一个技术主题： JavaScript和DOM 。 但这与涵盖Web开发主题的整个“路线图”相比没有什么。

I had to put on my big girl pants, be open to critique and criticism, and put out whatever I could to meet my own challenge.

我不得不穿上我的大女孩裤子，接受批评和批评，并竭尽所能应对自己的挑战。

And this was a big deal for me, because I never felt like I “knew enough” all throughout school. Like I said, I had to do a lot of growing in order to become an emotionally intelligent entrepreneur! ?

这对我来说意义重大，因为在整个学校里，我从未感到自己“足够了解”。 就像我说的那样，我必须做很多事情才能成为一个有情商的企业家！ ？

Specific to the sections, here’s what I learned:

具体到这些部分，这是我学到的：

基础知识/任何路径都需要 (The Basics/Required for any path)

I wasn’t really surprised to find that some of these “basics” were not so basic to me. I’m glad I went in with that expectation, so I wasn’t discouraged. I had previously worked with all of these topics in some capacity, so I felt pretty confident researching and speaking on them.

我发现其中一些“基本知识”对我而言并不那么基本，我并不感到惊讶。 我很高兴我怀着这样的期望，所以我并不灰心。 我以前曾以某种身份处理过所有这些主题，因此我对研究和发表演讲充满信心。

I tried to focus in on some little details and anecdotes, like MacOS Roman when discussing Character Encoding. I learn best when there are small details to remember and associate with the topic.

在讨论Character Encoding时，我尝试着重于一些小细节和轶事，例如MacOS Roman 。 当需要记住并与主题相关的小细节时，我学得最好。

I was so happy to see that Kamran Ahmed included Learning to Research on the Roadmap. This is an absolutely critical skill that makes or breaks new web developers—we need to know how to learn confidently and effectively from resources, and from each other. I could talk on this topic all day.

我很高兴看到Kamran Ahmed将“ 学习研究”纳入路线图。 这是决定成败新Web开发人员的一项绝对关键的技能-我们需要知道如何从资源以及彼此之间自信而有效地学习。 我可以整天谈论这个话题。

Probably the most surprising thing I learned on this part of the Roadmap is that Design Patterns—and on a larger scope, Standards and Best Practices—really play a major role in the code we write.

我在路线图的这一部分中学到的最令人惊讶的事情可能是设计模式(在更大的范围内， 标准和最佳实践)确实在我们编写的代码中起着重要作用。

We basically toddle around at first, just trying to get things to work. But I had never truly realized how much of the guesswork is taken out of problem solving when you just follow these design patterns as early on as possible.

首先，我们基本上是四处闲逛，只是想让事情正常进行。 但是我从来没有真正意识到，当您尽早遵循这些设计模式时，会从解决问题的过程中消除多少猜测。

You begin to think in terms of patterns, and patterns are crack to me. Patterns are the glue of the universe.

您开始从模式方面进行思考，而模式对我来说很困难。 模式是宇宙的粘合剂。

前端 (The Front-end)

I’m a Front-end developer, but don’t think for a second that this was a cakewalk. I’ve been totally transparent about the fact that I haven’t built as many projects as I’d like over the course of my own education.

我是一名前端开发人员，但不要再犹豫这是一条小路。 对于我在自己的学习过程中没有建立自己想要的项目数量如此之多的事实，我一直是完全透明的。

In light of this: it became very obvious very quickly where I hadn’t yet contextualized these topics and tools I hadn’t yet used.

鉴于此：它变得非常 明显的速度非常快，我还没有语境这些主题和工具我还没有使用。

In the Front-end and Back-end portions, the Roadmap begins breaking each concept into a “step”, which I went through one-by-one. I see it as a journey of sorts. It was very helpful to me to see the suggested flow of learning, because each topic really had an opportunity to build off the previous one.

在前端和后端部分，路线图开始将每个概念分解为一个“步骤”，我一步一步地进行了研究。 我认为这是一段旅程。 看到建议的学习流程对我非常有帮助，因为每个主题确实都有机会建立上一个主题。

Perhaps the best part of the Roadmap’s configuration is the spacing of project time, or “practicals”, which I always struggled with.

路线图配置中最好的部分也许是项目时间间隔，或者说“实践”，这是我一直在努力的。

When do you build projects? How much should you know on a topic before you attempt to build something with it? Looking back (and forward) in my own education, I see where these practicals would have helped me use the skills I was learning far sooner than I believed I could.

您何时建立项目？ 在尝试建立主题之前，您应该对某个主题了解多少？ 回顾(和向前看)我自己的教育，我发现这些实践可以帮助我以比我认为的更快的速度使用所学的技能。

This is a common theme in my self-education: I always assumed that I needed to know more than I did. It held me up big time. Don’t do this.

这是我自我教育中的一个普遍主题：我一直以为我需要比自己了解更多的知识。 它使我忙得不可开交。 不要这样

But by the end of covering this section, I really felt like I had a new appreciation for the Front-end. I could see its importance once again, and felt proud to know concepts like semantic HTML and modular CSS.

但是，在结束本节的学习时，我真的感到自己对前端有了新的了解。 我再次看到它的重要性，并为了解语义HTML和模块化CSS之类的概念而感到自豪。

The Front-end really is beautiful. ❤️

前端真的很漂亮。 ❤️

后端 (The Back-end)

I think I broke out in a sweat recording this (LOL). Nah, it wasn’t that bad, and I learned a LOT… but it was definitely an exercise in self-education!

我想我为此付出了很多汗水。 不，还不错，我学到了很多……但这绝对是一种自我教育的练习！

I’ve learned PHP and some NodeJS, mostly out of necessity. I love WordPress and run the La Vie en Code website on it, so I kind of inadvertently became a novice PHP developer as well. Say what you will, I think PHP is a great scripting language.

我已经学了PHP和一些NodeJS，主要是出于必要。 我喜欢WordPress，并在上面运行La Vie en Code网站 ，所以我也无意中成为了PHP新手开发人员。 随便说一下，我认为PHP是一种很棒的脚本语言。

What you come to realize is that every language has its clunkiness. You really can’t avoid it. As long as technology is consistently being improved upon, I prefer to focus on what it does well, and use a language for those types of projects.

您会发现， 每种语言都有其笨拙之处。 您真的无法避免。 只要技术不断得到改进，我宁愿专注于技术的优势，并为这些类型的项目使用一种语言。

I love seeing testing on both the Front-end and Back-end portions of the Roadmap, because the principles of testing really do apply everywhere. We need to know at every step that our apps are working as expected—on the client-side and the server-side. I think that a lot of new web developers think that testing is just for Back-end development, and I hope to teach them otherwise.

我喜欢看到测试的前端和路线图的后端两部分，因为测试真正的原则可以应用无处不在。 我们需要在每一步都知道我们的应用程序在客户端和服务器端均按预期工作。 我认为许多新的Web开发人员都认为测试仅用于后端开发，我希望以其他方式教给他们。

For me, databases were the most fun part of this portion of the Roadmap to dissect. I have only used relational databases, and knew loosely about the differences between relational and non-relational (NoSQL) databases. I had no idea graph databases even existed, so if I sound like I do, it’s because I learned it so I could teach you. ?

对我来说， 数据库是本路线图这一部分中最有趣的部分。 我只使用过关系数据库，对关系数据库和非关系(NoSQL)数据库之间的差异了解得不多。 我什至没有想法图数据库的存在，所以如果听起来像我，那是因为我学会了它，所以我可以教你。 ？

好的，您要分享这个项目还是什么？ (Okay, are you going to share this project or what?)

Yes! Context is important, and I think that understanding the story behind it will enhance your experience listening to the podcast.

是! 上下文非常重要，我认为了解其背后的故事将增强您收听播客的体验。

You can listen to the episodes in order here:

你可以听，为了情节在这里 ：

LVEC "Dissecting the Web Developer Roadmap" Series | La Vie en Code PodcastThe 2018 Web Developer Roadmap by Kamran Ahmed is a valuable resource for new web developers. In this series, I dissect…www.lavieencode.net

LVEC“剖析Web开发人员路线图”系列| La Vie zh代码播客 Kamran Ahmed 撰写的 《 2018 Web开发人员路线图》对于新Web开发人员而言是宝贵的资源。 在本系列中，我剖析了…… www.lavieencode.net

I created this landing page for the podcast episodes, so they’re easy to go through in order. Don’t mind how basic it is — it’s just a home for the episodes.

我为播客剧集创建了此登录页面，因此很容易按顺序进行浏览。 不必介意它的基础-它只是情节的家。

You can also subscribe to the La Vie en Code Podcast on iTunes, Google Play, SoundCloud, and Stitcher. And I have a dope weekly newsletter, Life in Code, if you’re interested in useful resources, news, and corny dev jokes:

您还可以在iTunes ， Google Play ， SoundCloud和Stitcher上订阅La Vie en Code播客。 如果您对有用的资源，新闻和老套的开发笑话感兴趣，那么我有一份每周更新的时事通讯《代码中的生命》 ：

我希望这有帮助！ (I hope this helps!)

I’d love to hear your thoughts on Twitter! If it helped you, if I missed the mark on a topic, if you have additional thoughts… I wanna hear ’em.

我很想听听您在Twitter上的想法！ 如果它对您有帮助，如果我错过了某个主题的分数，或者您还有其他想法……我想听听。

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/what-i-learned-from-dissecting-the-web-developer-roadmap-1ccd0ecb5ae9/

知识图谱开发实战案例剖析