挂载的具体步骤如下。

1、测试硬盘是否已连接

首先先查看硬盘信息。sda是虚拟的第一块硬盘，sdb是第二块硬盘，以此类推。

root@zhang:~# ls -l

/dev/sd*

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,

0 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,

1 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,

2 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda2

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,

5 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda5

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,

16 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sdb

#此命令测试linux系统是否能找到挂载的未分区硬盘

root@zhang:~# hdparm -I

/dev/sdb

#这个是未挂载之前的硬盘信息

root@zhang:~# fdisk

-l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB,

8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63

sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of

16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size

(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size

(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:

0x000cf88c

Device Boot Start End

Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 994 7977984

83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end

on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 994 1045 407553

5 Extended

/dev/sda5 994 1045 407552

82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB,

8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63

sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of

16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size

(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size

(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:

0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't

contain a valid partition table

2、创建硬盘分区

root@zhang:~# fdisk

/dev/sdb

Device contains neither a

valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF

disklabel

Building a new DOS

disklabel with disk identifier 0xcbd0c60e.

Changes will remain in

memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course,

the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag

0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by

w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible

mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch

off the mode (command 'c') and change display units

to

sectors

(command 'u').

# 输入m，查看帮助信息 Command (m

for help): m

Command

action

a toggle a bootable flag

将分区设置为启动区

b edit bsd disklabel

编辑bsd的disklabel

c toggle the dos

compatibility flag 设置该分区为dos分区

d delete a partition

删除分区

l list known partition

types 列出已知的分区类型

m print this menu

打印帮助列表

n add a new partition

创建新分区

o create a new empty DOS

partition table

p print the partition

table查看分区信息

q quit without saving

changes 退出不保存

s create a new empty Sun

disklabel

t change a partition's

system id改变分区类型

u change display/entry

units

v verify the partition

table

w write table to disk and

exit 保存退出

x extra functionality

(experts only)

#查看sdb这块硬盘的分区

Command (m for help):

p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB,

8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63

sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of

16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size

(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size

(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:

0xcbd0c60e

Device Boot Start End

Blocks Id System

#创建sdb这块硬盘的分区

Command (m for help):

n

Command

action

e

extended

p

primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4):

1

First cylinder (1-1044,

default 1):

Using default value

1

Last cylinder, +cylinders

or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044):

Using default value

1044

#查看创建sdb硬盘的分区

Command (m for help):

p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB,

8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63

sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of

16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size

(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size

(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:

0xcbd0c60e

Device Boot Start End

Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+

83 Linux

#保存退出，分区创建结束。

Command (m for help):

w

The partition table has

been altered!

Calling ioctl() to

re-read partition table.

Syncing

disks.

#再用fdisk

-l查看硬盘信息就可以看到sdb1新分区了

root@zhang:~# fdisk

-l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB,

8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63

sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of

16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size

(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size

(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:

0x000cf88c

Device Boot Start End

Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 994 7977984

83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end

on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 994 1045 407553

5 Extended

/dev/sda5 994 1045 407552

82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB,

8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63

sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of

16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size

(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size

(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:

0xcbd0c60e

Device Boot Start End

Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+

83 Linux

3、格式化硬盘

root@zhang:~# mkfs -t

ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.11

(14-Mar-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096

(log=2)

分块大小=4096

(log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe

width=0 blocks

524288 inodes, 2096474

blocks

104823 blocks (5.00%)

reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem

blocks=2147483648

64 block

groups

32768 blocks per group,

32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per

group

Superblock backups stored

on blocks:

32768,

98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736,

1605632

正在写入inode表:

完成

Creating journal (32768

blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and

filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be

automatically checked every 29 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes

first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4、给新建的sdb1设置卷标命名，创建挂载点。

root@zhang:~# e2label

/dev/sdb1 /data

root@zhang:~# mkdir

/data

5、设置开机自动挂载

在上面一个步骤中，我已经把sdb1这个分区重新命名，当然也可以在设置自动挂载的时候用UUID。

root@zhang:~# ls -l

/dev/disk/

total 0

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root

280 2013-08-13 08:47 by-id

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60

2013-08-13 08:52 by-label

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root

180 2013-08-13 08:47 by-path

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root

100 2013-08-13 08:51 by-uuid

#查看设置的卷标名称，这里有上一步中命名的分区/data

root@zhang:~# ls -l

/dev/disk/by-label/

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10

2013-08-13 08:52 \x2fdata -> ../../sdb1

#查看各个分区的uuid号

root@zhang:~# ls -l

/dev/disk/by-uuid/

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10

2013-08-13 08:33 b6dbd10c-7995-4b3d-abf0-2da1622298da ->

../../sda1

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10

2013-08-13 08:33 d0d8b0bf-dc99-4d38-937d-f34d88072ce9 ->

../../sda5

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10

2013-08-13 08:52 f90991b0-1082-45d8-b00d-87dceb81115e ->

../../sdb1

#设置开机自动挂载分区sdb1

root@zhang:~# vi

/etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file

system information.

#

# Use 'blkid -o value -s

UUID' to print the universally unique identifier

# for a device; this may

be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name

# devices that works even

if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).

#

#

proc /proc proc

nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0

# / was on /dev/sda1

during installation

UUID=b6dbd10c-7995-4b3d-abf0-2da1622298da

/ ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1

# swap was on /dev/sda5

during installation

UUID=d0d8b0bf-dc99-4d38-937d-f34d88072ce9

none swap sw 0 0

LABEL=/data /data ext4

defaults 0 2

#或者用UUID，效果都是一样的。

#UUID=f90991b0-1082-45d8-b00d-87dceb81115e

/data ext4 defaults 0 2

6、重新启动查看挂载结果

root@zhang:~# df

-lh

Filesystem Size Used

Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1 7.5G 1.5G 5.7G

20% /

none 243M 216K 243M 1%

/dev

none 247M 0 247M 0%

/dev/shm

none 247M 56K 247M 1%

/var/run

none 247M 0 247M 0%

/var/lock

none 247M 0 247M 0%

/lib/init/rw

/dev/sdb1 7.9G 146M 7.4G

2% /data

#挂载成功