在关注者与公众号产生消息交互后，公众号可获得关注者的OpenID（加密后的微信号，每个用户对每个公众号的OpenID是唯一的。对于不同公众号，同一用户的openid不同）。

公众号可通过本接口来根据OpenID获取用户基本信息，包括昵称、头像、性别、所在城市、语言和关注时间。

开发者可通过OpenID来获取用户基本信息。请使用https协议。

我们可以看看官方的文档：获取用户的基本信息。

接口调用请求说明

http请求方式: GEThttps://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN

参数说明

返回说明

正常情况下，微信会返回下述JSON数据包给公众号：

{"subscribe": 1, "openid": "o6_bmjrPTlm6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL2M", "nickname": "Band", "sex": 1, "language": "zh_CN", "city": "广州", "province": "广东", "country": "中国", "headimgurl":    "http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/g3MonUZtNHkdmzicIlibx6iaFqAc56vxLSUfpb6n5WKSYVY0ChQKkiaJSgQ1dZuTOgvLLrhJbERQQ4eMsv84eavHiaiceqxibJxCfHe/0", "subscribe_time": 1382694957,"unionid": " o6_bmasdasdsad6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL""remark": "","groupid": 0
}

参数说明

错误时微信会返回错误码等信息，JSON数据包示例如下（该示例为AppID无效错误）:

{"errcode":40013,"errmsg":"invalid appid"}

根据上面的信息，我们定义一个用户信息类来存放用户的基本信息。

package com.howin.pojo;/**
* 类名: WeixinUserInfo </br>
* 描述: 微信用户的基本信息 </br>
* 开发人员： howin </br>
* 创建时间： 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本：V1.0 </br>*/
public class WeixinUserInfo {// 用户的标识private String openId;// 关注状态（1是关注，0是未关注），未关注时获取不到其余信息private int subscribe;// 用户关注时间，为时间戳。如果用户曾多次关注，则取最后关注时间private String subscribeTime;// 昵称private String nickname;// 用户的性别（1是男性，2是女性，0是未知）private int sex;// 用户所在国家private String country;// 用户所在省份private String province;// 用户所在城市private String city;// 用户的语言，简体中文为zh_CNprivate String language;// 用户头像private String headImgUrl;public String getOpenId() {return openId;}public void setOpenId(String openId) {this.openId = openId;}public int getSubscribe() {return subscribe;}public void setSubscribe(int subscribe) {this.subscribe = subscribe;}public String getSubscribeTime() {return subscribeTime;}public void setSubscribeTime(String subscribeTime) {this.subscribeTime = subscribeTime;}public String getNickname() {return nickname;}public void setNickname(String nickname) {this.nickname = nickname;}public int getSex() {return sex;}public void setSex(int sex) {this.sex = sex;}public String getCountry() {return country;}public void setCountry(String country) {this.country = country;}public String getProvince() {return province;}public void setProvince(String province) {this.province = province;}public String getCity() {return city;}public void setCity(String city) {this.city = city;}public String getLanguage() {return language;}public void setLanguage(String language) {this.language = language;}public String getHeadImgUrl() {return headImgUrl;}public void setHeadImgUrl(String headImgUrl) {this.headImgUrl = headImgUrl;}
}

我们先来看看获取用户信息的接口：

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN

根据分析，获取用户的基本信息需要一个token。

package com.howin.pojo;/**
* 类名: TOKEN </br>
* 描述: 凭证 </br>
* 开发人员： howin </br>
* 创建时间： 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本：V1.0 </br>*/
public class Token {// 接口访问凭证֤private String accessToken;// 凭证有效期单位：secondprivate int expiresIn;public String getAccessToken() {return accessToken;}public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {this.accessToken = accessToken;}public int getExpiresIn() {return expiresIn;}public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) {this.expiresIn = expiresIn;}
}

https请求，需要的信任管理器

package com.howin.util;import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**
* 类名: MyX509TrustManager </br>
* 描述:信任管理器 </br>
* 开发人员： howin </br>
* 创建时间： 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本：V1.0 </br>*/
/** 证书管理器的作用是让它新人我们指定的证书，* 此类中的代码意味着信任所有的证书，不管是不是权威机构颁发的。*/
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {// 检查客户端证书public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}// 检查服务器端证书public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}// 返回受信任的X509证书数组public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {return null;}
}

封装了一个公共类：

package com.howin.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import com.howin.pojo.Menu;
import com.howin.pojo.Token;/**
* 类名: CommonUtil </br>
* 描述: 通用工具类 </br>
* 开发人员： howin </br>
* 创建时间： 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本：V1.0 </br>*/
public class CommonUtil {private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonUtil.class);private static long tokenTime = 0;private static long jsTicketTime = 0;private static Token token = null;private static String ticket = null;// 凭证获取（GET）public final static String token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";/*** 发送https请求* * @param requestUrl 请求地址* @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST）* @param outputStr 提交的数据* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)*/public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {JSONObject jsonObject = null;try {// 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();URL url = new URL(requestUrl);HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);conn.setUseCaches(false);// 设置请求方式（GET/POST）conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据if (null != outputStr) {OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();// 注意编码格式outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));outputStream.close();}// 从输入流读取返回内容InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String str = null;StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {buffer.append(str);}// 释放资源bufferedReader.close();inputStreamReader.close();inputStream.close();inputStream = null;conn.disconnect();jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());} catch (ConnectException ce) {log.error("连接超时：{}", ce);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("https请求异常：{}", e);}return jsonObject;}/*** 获取接口访问凭证* * @param appid 凭证* @param appsecret 密钥* @return*/public static Token getToken(String appid, String appsecret) {// 第三方用户唯一凭证  appid = "wx7504778ec4f99579";  // 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥  appsecret = "b77fba754559304c833a258f4a6f1853";  long now = new Date().getTime();if(tokenTime!=0&&now-tokenTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒return token;}String requestUrl = token_url.replace("APPID", appid).replace("APPSECRET", appsecret);// 发起GET请求获取凭证JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);if (null != jsonObject) {try {token = new Token();token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));tokenTime = now;} catch (JSONException e) {token = null;// 获取token失败log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));}}return token;}/*** 获取jsapi_ticket访问凭证* */public static String getJsTicket(){long now = new Date().getTime();if(jsTicketTime!=0&&now-jsTicketTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒return ticket;}//得到tokenString accessToken = getToken(null,null).getAccessToken();//GET方法获得jsapi_ticketString requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi".replace("ACCESS_TOKEN",accessToken);// 发起GET请求获取凭证JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);if(jsonObject!=null){ticket = jsonObject.getString("ticket");jsTicketTime = now;}return ticket;}/*** URL编码（utf-8）* * @param source* @return*/public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {String result = source;try {result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, "utf-8");} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return result;}/*** 根据内容类型判断文件扩展名* * @param contentType 内容类型* @return*/public static String getFileExt(String contentType) {String fileExt = "";if ("image/jpeg".equals(contentType))fileExt = ".jpg";else if ("audio/mpeg".equals(contentType))fileExt = ".mp3";else if ("audio/amr".equals(contentType))fileExt = ".amr";else if ("video/mp4".equals(contentType))fileExt = ".mp4";else if ("video/mpeg4".equals(contentType))fileExt = ".mp4";return fileExt;}// 菜单创建（POST） 限100（次/天）  public static String menu_create_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";  /** * 创建菜单 *  * @param menu 菜单实例 * @param accessToken 有效的access_token * @return 0表示成功，其他值表示失败 */  public static int createMenu(Menu menu, String accessToken) {  int result = 0;  // 拼装创建菜单的url  String url = menu_create_url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken);  // 将菜单对象转换成json字符串  String jsonMenu = JSONObject.fromObject(menu).toString();  // 调用接口创建菜单  JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(url, "POST", jsonMenu);  System.out.println(jsonMenu);if (null != jsonObject) {  if (0 != jsonObject.getInt("errcode")) {  result = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");  log.error("创建菜单失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));  }  }  return result;  }  /*** 对Map数组进行排序  * */public static String FormatQueryParaMap(HashMap<String, String> parameters) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {String buff = "";List<Map.Entry<String, String>> infoIds = new ArrayList<Map.Entry<String, String>>(parameters.entrySet());Collections.sort(infoIds, new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, String>>() {public int compare(Map.Entry<String, String> o1,Map.Entry<String, String> o2) {return (o1.getKey()).toString().compareTo(o2.getKey());}});for (int i = 0; i < infoIds.size(); i++) {Map.Entry<String, String> item = infoIds.get(i);if (item.getKey() != "") {
//              buff += item.getKey() + "="+ URLEncoder.encode(item.getValue(), "utf-8") + "&";buff += item.getKey() + "="+ item.getValue() + "&";}}if (buff.isEmpty() == false) {buff = buff.substring(0, buff.length() - 1);}return buff;}/*** 生成32位随机字符串* */public static String CreateNoncestr() {String chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";String res = "";for (int i = 0; i <16; i++) {Random rd = new Random();res += chars.charAt(rd.nextInt(chars.length() - 1));}return res;}/*** SHA1加密* */public final static String Sha1(String s) {char hexDigits[]={'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };       try {byte[] btInput = s.getBytes();// 获得MD5摘要算法的 MessageDigest 对象MessageDigest mdInst = MessageDigest.getInstance("sha-1");// 使用指定的字节更新摘要mdInst.update(btInput);// 获得密文byte[] md = mdInst.digest();// 把密文转换成十六进制的字符串形式int j = md.length;char str[] = new char[j * 2];int k = 0;for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {byte byte0 = md[i];str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];}return new String(str);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;}}
}

获取用户基本信息的方法，写一个测试类直接运行次程序：

package com.howin.weixin.test;import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;import com.howin.weixin.pojo.SNSUserInfo;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinOauth2Token;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinUserInfo;
import com.howin.weixin.util.CommonUtil;
import com.howin.weixin.util.MyX509TrustManager;public class Test {public static void main(String args[]) {// 获取接口访问凭证String accessToken = CommonUtil.getToken("自己的appid", "自己的密钥").getAccessToken();/*** 获取用户信息*/WeixinUserInfo user = getUserInfo(accessToken, "这里写关注用户的openid");//做这个测试的时候可以先关注，或者取消关注，控制台会打印出来此用户的openidSystem.out.println("OpenID：" + user.getOpenId());System.out.println("关注状态：" + user.getSubscribe());System.out.println("关注时间：" + user.getSubscribeTime());System.out.println("昵称：" + user.getNickname());System.out.println("性别：" + user.getSex());System.out.println("国家：" + user.getCountry());System.out.println("省份：" + user.getProvince());System.out.println("城市：" + user.getCity());System.out.println("语言：" + user.getLanguage());System.out.println("头像：" + user.getHeadImgUrl());}/*** 获取用户信息* * @param accessToken 接口访问凭证* @param openId 用户标识* @return WeixinUserInfo*/public static WeixinUserInfo getUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {WeixinUserInfo weixinUserInfo = null;// 拼接请求地址String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId);// 获取用户信息JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);if (null != jsonObject) {try {weixinUserInfo = new WeixinUserInfo();// 用户的标识weixinUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid"));// 关注状态（1是关注，0是未关注），未关注时获取不到其余信息weixinUserInfo.setSubscribe(jsonObject.getInt("subscribe"));// 用户关注时间weixinUserInfo.setSubscribeTime(jsonObject.getString("subscribe_time"));// 昵称weixinUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString("nickname"));// 用户的性别（1是男性，2是女性，0是未知）weixinUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt("sex"));// 用户所在国家weixinUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString("country"));// 用户所在省份weixinUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString("province"));// 用户所在城市weixinUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString("city"));// 用户的语言，简体中文为zh_CNweixinUserInfo.setLanguage(jsonObject.getString("language"));// 用户头像weixinUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString("headimgurl"));} catch (Exception e) {if (0 == weixinUserInfo.getSubscribe()) {System.err.printf("用户{}已取消关注", weixinUserInfo.getOpenId());} else {int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg");System.err.printf("获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", errorCode, errorMsg);}}}return weixinUserInfo;}/*** 获取网页授权凭证* * @param appId 公众账号的唯一标识* @param appSecret 公众账号的密钥* @param code* @return WeixinAouth2Token*/public static WeixinOauth2Token getOauth2AccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String code) {WeixinOauth2Token wat = null;// 拼接请求地址String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("APPID", appId);requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("SECRET", appSecret);requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("CODE", code);// 获取网页授权凭证JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);if (null != jsonObject) {try {wat = new WeixinOauth2Token();wat.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));wat.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));wat.setRefreshToken(jsonObject.getString("refresh_token"));wat.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid"));wat.setScope(jsonObject.getString("scope"));} catch (Exception e) {wat = null;int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg");System.err.printf("获取网页授权凭证失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", errorCode, errorMsg);}}return wat;}/*** 通过网页授权获取用户信息* * @param accessToken 网页授权接口调用凭证* @param openId 用户标识* @return SNSUserInfo*/@SuppressWarnings( { "deprecation", "unchecked" })public static SNSUserInfo getSNSUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {SNSUserInfo snsUserInfo = null;// 拼接请求地址String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId);// 通过网页授权获取用户信息JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);if (null != jsonObject) {try {snsUserInfo = new SNSUserInfo();// 用户的标识snsUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid"));// 昵称snsUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString("nickname"));// 性别（1是男性，2是女性，0是未知）snsUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt("sex"));// 用户所在国家snsUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString("country"));// 用户所在省份snsUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString("province"));// 用户所在城市snsUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString("city"));// 用户头像snsUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString("headimgurl"));// 用户特权信息snsUserInfo.setPrivilegeList(JSONArray.toList(jsonObject.getJSONArray("privilege"), List.class));} catch (Exception e) {snsUserInfo = null;int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg");System.err.printf("获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", errorCode, errorMsg);}}return snsUserInfo;}/*** 发送https请求* * @param requestUrl 请求地址* @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST）* @param outputStr 提交的数据* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)*/public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {JSONObject jsonObject = null;try {// 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();URL url = new URL(requestUrl);HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);conn.setUseCaches(false);// 设置请求方式（GET/POST）conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据if (null != outputStr) {OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();// 注意编码格式outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));outputStream.close();}// 从输入流读取返回内容InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String str = null;StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {buffer.append(str);}// 释放资源bufferedReader.close();inputStreamReader.close();inputStream.close();inputStream = null;conn.disconnect();jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());} catch (ConnectException ce) {System.err.printf("连接超时：{}", ce);} catch (Exception e) {System.err.printf("https请求异常：{}", e);}return jsonObject;}/*** URL编码（utf-8）* * @param source* @return*/public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {String result = source;try {result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, "utf-8");} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return result;}
}