Python发邮件详解

一、利用163的smtp发送邮件

import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.header import Header# 第三方SMTP服务mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'mail_port = 587mail_user = 'daw***an@163.com'mail_pass = '*********' # 这里要使用授权码,而不是邮箱密码sender = 'daw***an@163.com'receivers = ['daw***an@163.com','dav***an@live.com','dav***an@qq.com']# 需要定义三个参数# 第一个参数为文本内容# 第二个参数plain设置文本格式# 第三个参数utf-8设置编码格式message = MIMEText("Python发送邮件", "plain", "utf-8")message['From'] = sender # 由于邮箱安全认证，需要把发件人放到message['From'], 否由会”出现554 SPM错误“message['To'] = sender  # 由于邮箱安全认证，需要把发件人放到message['To'], 否由会”出现554 SPM错误“subject = 'Python SMTP发送邮件测试'message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')try:    mailserver = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 587)     mailserver.login(mail_user, mail_pass)    mailserver.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())    mailserver.quit()    print('邮件发送成功')except smtplib.SMTPException:    print("发送邮件失败！")

• 163邮箱用户smtp和获取授权码的方法如下图所示：

163邮箱用户smtp和获取授权码

• 发送网邮件效果:

发送邮件效果图

二、封装通用发邮件工具类

import osimport randomimport smtplibimport timefrom email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartclass EmailUtils(object):    def __init__(self, sender, receivers, username, password, smtp_server='smtp.qq.com', smtp_port=465):        self.sender = sender        self.receivers = receivers        self.username = username        self.password = password        self.smtp_server=smtp_server        self.smtp_port = smtp_port        # 连接服务器        self.connect_server()    def create_email(self, title):        # 创建一个带附件的实例        message = MIMEMultipart()        message['From'] = self.sender        message['To'] = self.receivers        message['Subject'] = Header(title, 'utf-8')        self.message = message    # 附件内容，如文本文件，图片文件等    def email_appendix(self, file_path):        att1 = MIMEText(open(file_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')        # 指定头部信息        att1['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream' #内容为二进制流        att1['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"'%(os.path.basename(file_path))        self.message.attach(att1)    def email_content(self, content, content_type='plain'):        # 邮件正文内容        # plain正常文本内容，html可以发送html格式内容        self.message.attach(MIMEText(content, content_type, 'utf-8'))    def connect_server(self):        # 连接邮件的服务器        mailserver = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtp_server, self.smtp_port)        try:            # 连接qq的smtp服务器            mailserver.login(self.username, self.password)        except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError:            print('请检查用户名和授权码是否正确')            return        else:            self.mailserver = mailserver    def send_email(self):        # 发送一封邮件        self.mailserver.sendmail(self.sender, self.receivers, self.message.as_string())        print('发送邮件成功！')        def __del__(self):        self.mailserver.close()if __name__ == "__main__":# 此处的密码为授权码    mail = EmailUtils(sender='dav***an@qq.com', receivers='dav***an@live.com', username='dav***an@qq.com', password='**********')    mail.create_email('创建一封测试邮件')    # 添加邮件内容    mail.email_content('您好！欢迎阅读我的内容')    # 添加附件     mail.email_appendix('background.jpg')    # 发送邮件    mail.send_email()    

• QQ邮箱获取授权码方法

QQ邮箱获取授权码

邮件效果