形容词和副词（专升本语法）

考点：

基本语法，原级，比较级，最高级

倍数的表达

多个形容词排序

形容词基本用法

1.作定语:

①定语从句：单个形容词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前
eg: a good man
a handsome boy

②
后置定语形容词放在被修饰词之后。
※以“-”开头的形容词alive/asleep/awake/absent; present（出席的，在场的）...
eg:一只活鸟
a fish alive=a living fish

※修饰不定代词后置
表示人: somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody...
表示物: something,anything,everything,nothing...

2.作表语，放在系动词后(主系表)

He is tall and handsome.

3.作宾补，放在宾语之后，用来对宾语进行补充说明.

You made me happy.
总结:
adj.作用:在句中充当定语表语宾补

4、“the+adj."表示一类人，做主语时，谓语动词用复数;)

adj: young; old; rich; poor; disabled（残疾人）...
eg: the old老人the young年轻人
The rich
busy all the day. (be)

5.人-ed物-ing（修饰人用ed的形容词，修饰物用ing的形容词）

-ed(感到...的)surprised, interested, bored,
excited，amazed, moved, inspired， satisfied,
embarrassed, frightened...
-ing(令...的)surprising，boring, exciting,
amazing，moving， inspiring, embarrassing,
frightening.. .

副词.

1.作用:修饰动词，副词，形容词或整个句子。

eg: He smiles.
He smiles very happily. .
He is very handsome.
luckily, the extremely careful man drove extremely carefully.

修饰动词位置:
一般:助情be之后，实义动词之前，普通副词也可以放句末
I get up at six o'clock.(usually)
I have had breakfast.(already)

2.形容词变副词的变化规则

A.一般情况下直接加ly
quick-quickly slow-slowly
B.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ly
angry-angrily lucky-luckily

注: dry-dryly 干燥的shy-shyly害羞的sly-slyly 狡猾的
C.以le结尾的去e加y
terrible-terribly糟糕的possible-possibly 可能的
其他以e结尾的直接加ly
wise-wisely明智的polite-politely有礼貌的close-closely亲密的

注：true -- truly 真实的

D.以y结尾的形容词
friendly(友好的) lonely (孤单的) lovely (可爱的) deadly (致命的) daily
(日常的) lively (生动的)
E.特殊的形容词，副词
●hard - adj.艰难的，坚硬的adv.努力地
●hardly- adv.几乎不
●free-adj.免费的，自由的-adv.免费地，
●freely- adv.自由地
eg: You can speak freely in front of Jack but you can't eat free in his restaurant.

good - adj.好的
well -adj.好的(身体好)

eg：I don't feel very well.
- adv.好地

late - adj.晚的
- adv.晚地

eg: You are late(adj).

I got up late(adv.).
lately--adv.近来

high - adj.高的.
-. adv.高地
highly -- adv.高度地(带有感情色彩) speak（think） highly of高度赞扬

二.形容词、副词原级的常用句型

1. A+谓语+as+ adj./adv.原级+as+B “A和B一样”.

否定: A+谓+not+so+ adj./adv.原级+as+B
“和...不一样”（没有....那样）
eg:
You are as tall as your father.
The robots are as smart as human.
This book is not so good as that one.

[注] A+谓+as +many+n复(或much+不可数n) +as+B.

“A和B一样多的”
eg: I have as many books as you.
I have as much money as you.

as + adj.原级+a/an + n.单+as “和...一样的...”

eg：He is as good a man as his father.

他和他父亲一样是一个好人.

2. A+谓+too+adj./adv.原级+to do sth(A主语).....而不能”

eg: It is never too old to learn.
She is too happy to stop.

[注]主+谓+too+ adj./adv.原级+a/an+n单+ (for sb) to do sth
“太.....而不能”
eg: It is too heavy a box for her to carry.

这个箱子太重了，她搬不动.

翻译: It is too difficult a problem to solve.
这个问题太难而不能解决。

3. A+谓+ adj./adv.原级+enough to do sth.(A主语)

“足够........而能够做..”，
eg: He is old enough to join the army.
enough用法:名前形副后

三、adj和adv比较级和最高级的构成

1.一般在词尾直接加-er /-est. .

2.以不发音的e结尾的词加-r /-st

3.以“辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i再加-er /-est

4.以“辅+元+辅”结尾的词，双写尾字母，再加-er/-est.

5.多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more/ most.

6.不规则变化

注意：farhter指具体距离的远 further 指程度上的更深一步（抽象）

older 用于年龄的大小 elder 用于长幼次序

eg：He is the older in our class.

He is 2 years older than me.

I have 3 sisters. All of them are older than me.

四、adj和adv比较级的用法(than) (常用句型)

1. A+谓语+比较级+than+B.(A主语B宾语) "A比B更...."

eg: He arrived earlier than usual.
Today is colder than yesterday
Today is even colder than yesterday
▲不可修饰比较级的词: more, too, very, so.

▲可修饰比较级的词: much， far, even, rather 更..的多
a little/bit. 更...一点

注意：下面两次本身就含有比较意思后面不用 than 用 to

be superior to 优于...

be inferior to 次于，劣于...

2.“比较级+and+比较级” -- ‘越来越...’

注:若adj, adv是多音节词，则用more and more +原级
She is getting more and more beautiful.

3. the+比较级(主+谓)+ ','+the+比较级(主+谓) --‘越...越....’

注：第二个谓语要用将来是“will do 或者can do”表示还未发生

eg.
你吃的垃圾食品越多，你就会变得越胖。

The more junk food you eat, the fatter you will be.

你犯的错误越多，你的进步就会越大

The more mistakes you make, the more progress you will make.

你越认真，犯的错误越少。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you 'll make.

4、more A than B -- (A.B为adj)与其说B不如说A
more of A than B -- (A.B为n)与其说B不如说A

eg: He is more fat than strong.
        Tom is more diligent than clever.
        She is more of a singer than a dancer.
        He is more of a poet than a musician.

5."the+比较级”的特殊用法

句中若出现“of the two"这个介词短语时，比较级前加the.
即: the+ 比较级+of the two两者中较.....的”

eg: She is the taller of the two girls.
Of the two boys,Tom is the younger.

6. A+谓+比较级+than +any other+名单 -- 'A比其他任何一个都...'

Su runs faster than any other athlete.

苏比其他任何一个运动员跑的都快

7.A+谓+比较级+than+all the other +名复 -- 'A比所有都...'

He is more handsome than all the other boys in the street.

他比街上所有的男孩都英俊。

五、adj和adv最高级(最...) 注：三者或三者以上

1.“the+最高级+ in/ of+范围 --- '主语是.....中最....'

eg: Ma Yun is the richest man of us.
You are the most handsome boy in our class.

2.主+谓+one of the+最高级+n复 +in/of +范围 --- '主语是.....中最....之一'

2.主+谓+one of the+最高级+n复
主语.....中最....之-”
eg: Shanghai is one of the busiest cities in the world.
You are one of the most handsome boys in our class.
It was the happiest moment of my life. 这是我一生中最快乐的时刻

六、倍数表达法(once,twice,three times..)

注意：倍数先行

1. A +谓+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B -- “A是B的..倍”

eg: This building is twice as high as that one.
注: A +谓+倍数+as+many/much+n+as+B

2. A +谓+倍数+比较级+ than+B --“A比B...几倍”

eg: This building is twice higher than that one

3. A +谓+倍数+the+n+of+B“A 的n是B的n.....倍

注:此处的n常为: size ,height, depth(深度), weight(重量), length(高度),width(宽度)...

eg: This building is twice the height of that one.

七、多个形容词修饰一个名词时的排序

口诀:“县官行令色国材”
七、多个形容词修饰一个名词时的排序
口诀:“县官行令色国材”
县(限)--限定词: all,a/an, the, this, that, these, my, his....
官(观) --观点描述词: beautiful,ugly,nice,had....
行(形) --形状,大小: round, square, big, small,tall,short....
令(龄) --年龄: young, old, new, ancient..
色--颜色: black, white, yellow......
国--国籍: Chinese,Japanese ,foreign...
材--材质: stone, wooden, plastic,gold...

eg:一个身材高挑的漂亮的外国女孩
a beautiful tall foreign girl
我有一个中国制造木质红色的圆桌子
I have a round red Chinese wooden table.
一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑色连衣裙
a beautiful new black Italian dress