爬虫豆瓣读书top250，保存为本地csv文件

目的

将豆瓣读书top250排名保存到本地excel，包括书名，作者，评分，评论数，简评，网址。用到了requests，res，BeautifulSoup，csv库。
豆瓣读书top250网址：https://book.douban.com/top250

整体思路

先上代码，Pycharm运行

#coding=gbk
import requests   #导入requests库，用于获取网页数据
import re         #导入re库，用于正则表达式筛选数据
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  #导入库，用于解析网页
import csv        #导入库，用于创建csv文件并写入数据
import xlsxwriterdef get_all_url():      #定义获取所有网址的函数urls = []for i in range(0, 250, 25):url_1 = 'https://book.douban.com/top250?start={}'.format(i)urls.append(url_1)return urlsdef get_book_info(url_2):   #定义函数，通过网址参数获取整页所需数据，并将其存入csv文件global ids              #定义序号变量header = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 13_2_3 like\ Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)  Version/13.0\ .3 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1'}res = requests.get(url_2, headers=header)res.encoding = 'utf-8'soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'lxml')for i in range(25):data_name = soup.find_all('div', class_='pl2')[i]names = data_name.a.get('title')href = data_name.a.get('href')data_author = soup.find_all('p', class_='pl')[i]authors = data_author.get_text().split('/')[0]data_score = soup.find_all('span', class_='rating_nums')[i]scores = data_score.get_text()data_msg = soup.find_all('span', class_='pl')[i].get_text()msgs = re.findall('\d+', data_msg)[0]data_com = soup.find_all('td', valign='top')[2 * i + 1].find('span', class_='inq')if data_com is not None:comments = data_com.get_text()else:comments = '无'ids += 1book_info.writerow((ids, names, authors, scores, msgs, comments, href,))if __name__ == '__main__':   #主函数try:workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('豆瓣读书TOP250.csv')worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet('SHOW')with open('f:/python_document/豆瓣读书TOP250.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') as file:book_info = csv.writer(file)book_info.writerow(('序号', '书名', '作者', '评分', '评论数', '简评', '网址'))url_list = get_all_url()ids = 0for url in url_list:get_book_info(url)except Exception as e:  #异常时执行print('Error:', e)print('读取完成！')

一：定义获取所有网址的函数（前250个）

def get_all_url():      #定义获取所有网址的函数urls = []for i in range(0, 250, 25):url_1 = 'https://book.douban.com/top250?start={}'.format(i)urls.append(url_1)return urls

分析网址
打开豆瓣读书网址：https://book.douban.com/top250
第一页：https://book.douban.com/top250
第二页：https://book.douban.com/top250?start=25
第三页：https://book.douban.com/top250?start=50
…
第十页：https://book.douban.com/top250?start=225
把第一页的网址改为：https://book.douban.com/top250?start=0
找到规律，通过修改最后的数字改变网址，先定义一个函数获取所有网址，并存入列表。

二：定义函数，通过网址参数获取整页所需数据，并将其存入csv文件

def get_book_info(url_2):   #定义函数，通过网址参数获取整页所需数据，并将其存入csv文件global ids              #定义序号变量header = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 13_2_3 like\ Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko)  Version/13.0\ .3 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1'}res = requests.get(url_2, headers=header)res.encoding = 'utf-8'soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'lxml')for i in range(25):data_name = soup.find_all('div', class_='pl2')[i]names = data_name.a.get('title')href = data_name.a.get('href')data_author = soup.find_all('p', class_='pl')[i]authors = data_author.get_text().split('/')[0]data_score = soup.find_all('span', class_='rating_nums')[i]scores = data_score.get_text()data_msg = soup.find_all('span', class_='pl')[i].get_text()msgs = re.findall('\d+', data_msg)[0]data_com = soup.find_all('td', valign='top')[2 * i + 1].find('span', class_='inq')if data_com is not None:comments = data_com.get_text()else:comments = '无'ids += 1book_info.writerow((ids, names, authors, scores, msgs, comments, href,))

网站header获取：谷歌浏览器（Ctrl+Shift+j）
属性获取：书名，作者，评分，评论数，简评，网址
相应的信息左键–检查
注意标签

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_46426889/article/details/104754257?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-3.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-3.nonecase