Python代码实现2048-功能拓展

本文是在200 行 Python 代码实现 2048的功能基础上进行的拓展功能开发

具体增加功能如下：

1.增加支持方向键
2.达到胜利分数值可以选择继续游戏或者结束游戏
3.在控制台输出不同的颜色
4.连接sqlite，将最高成绩存入其中，每次启动游戏时读取

完整代码如下：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import curses
from random import randrange, choice # generate and place new tile
from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import chain
import sqlite3
from colorama import initinit(autoreset=True)#有效健值列表
letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQYwasdrqy']
#print(letter_codes)#打印结果为WASDRQwasdrq对应的ascii码
letter_list=[259,260,258,261,10,27,121]#上左下右EscEnterY键对应的ascii码，通过get_user_action中的char来获取
letter_codes=letter_codes+letter_list#用户行为
actions = ['Up', 'Left', 'Down', 'Right', 'Restart', 'Exit','Continue']
#将输入与行为进行关联
actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes, actions * 3))#sqlite数据库操作，读取最高分数
class sqliteOperate():def __init__(self):self.conn=sqlite3.connect('2048.db')def select(self):score=self.conn.execute("select SCORE from HighScore")for row in score:return row[0]def update(self,score):self.conn.execute("update HighScore set SCORE ={0} where ID=1".format(score))self.conn.commit()self.conn.close() sqliteoperate=sqliteOperate()
Highscore=sqliteoperate.select()#用户输入处理
def get_user_action(keyboard):    char = "N"#阻塞+循环，直到获得用户有效输入才返回对应行为while char not in actions_dict:    char = keyboard.getch()#从控制台读取一个字符，但不显示在屏幕上
#         print(char)#通过这里打印对应按键的数字找到上下左右等按键的对应的ascii码return actions_dict[char]#矩阵转置,行和列的转换
def transpose(field):return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]#矩阵逆转，每行倒着排列
def invert(field):return [row[::-1] for row in field]#创建棋盘
class GameField(object):def __init__(self, height=4, width=4, win=8):self.height=height #高self.width=width  #宽self.win_value=8   #过关分数self.score=0   #当前分数self.highscore=Highscore  #从数据库获取最高分self.reset()   #棋盘重置##重置棋盘def reset(self):if self.score > self.highscore:self.highscore = self.scoresqliteoperate.update(self.highscore) self.score = 0        self.field = [[0 for i in range(self.width)] for j in range(self.height)]#创建一个4*4值全为0的二维数组self.spawn()#棋盘上初始状态显示2个数字，随机生成两个数字，调两次spawn方法self.spawn()def move(self, direction):#一行向左合并   def move_row_left(row):def tighten(row): #squeese non-zero elements together#把零散的非零单元挤到一块,先打印出非零的元素，然后在后面空白位置补0new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row) - len(new_row))]return new_rowdef merge(row):#对邻近元素进行合并pair = Falsenew_row = []for i in range(len(row)):if pair:new_row.append(2 * row[i])self.score += 2 * row[i]pair = Falseelse:if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i + 1]:pair = Truenew_row.append(0)else:new_row.append(row[i])assert len(new_row) == len(row)#assert断言是声明其布尔值必须为真的判定，如果发生异常就说明表达示为假return new_row#先挤到一块再合并再挤到一起return tighten(merge(tighten(row)))moves = {}moves['Left']  = lambda field:                              \[move_row_left(row) for row in field]moves['Right'] = lambda field:                              \invert(moves['Left'](invert(field)))moves['Up']    = lambda field:                              \transpose(moves['Left'](transpose(field)))moves['Down']  = lambda field:                              \transpose(moves['Right'](transpose(field)))if direction in moves:if self.move_is_possible(direction):self.field = moves[direction](self.field)self.spawn()return Trueelse:return Falsedef is_win(self):#any(x)判断x对象是否为空对象，如果都为空、0、false，则返回false，如果不都为空、0、false，则返回true#遍历每个元素查看是否大于win_value
#         return any(any(i >= self.win_value for i in row) for row in self.field)#找出当前二维数组中的最大值与win_value比较#chain把二维数组转化成序列
#         print(max(chain(*self.field)),self.win_value)return max(chain(*self.field))>=self.win_valuedef is_gameover(self):#所有的行都不能移动则游戏结束return not any(self.move_is_possible(move) for move in actions)def draw(self, screen):
#         init(autoreset=True)help_string1 = '(↑)Up(↓)Down(←)Left(→)Right'help_string2 = '   (Enter)Restart (Esc)Exit'help_string3 = '(Enter)Restart(Y)Continue(Esc)Exit'gameover_string = '           GAME OVER'win_string = '          YOU WIN!'           def set_color():#设置颜色#使用颜色首先需要调用这个方法curses.start_color()    #文字和背景色设置，设置了三个color pair,分别为1,2,3curses.init_pair(1,curses.COLOR_YELLOW,curses.COLOR_BLACK)curses.init_pair(2,curses.COLOR_GREEN,curses.COLOR_BLACK)curses.init_pair(3,curses.COLOR_RED,curses.COLOR_BLACK)def cast(string):#绘制字符串
#             screen.addstr(string+ '\n')     set_color()screen.addstr(string+ '\n',curses.color_pair(1))def cast2(string):#绘制字符串 ，成功时显示绿色的提示语
#             curses.start_color()set_color()screen.addstr(string+ '\n',curses.color_pair(2))def cast3(string):#将分数和最高分显示为红色
#             curses.start_color()set_color()screen.addstr(string+ '\n',curses.color_pair(3))def draw_hor_separator():#绘制分割线
#             line = '+' + ('+------' * self.width + '+')[1:]line =  ('+------' * self.width + '+')separator = defaultdict(lambda: line)#创建一个字典，默认值为lineif not hasattr(draw_hor_separator, "counter"):#hasattr判断draw_hor_separator对象中是否存在counter属性,有为True,没有Falsedraw_hor_separator.counter = 0cast(separator[draw_hor_separator.counter])draw_hor_separator.counter += 1def draw_row(row):#绘制包含数字的行#^是居中显式，<是左对齐，>是右对齐，冒号后面有一个空格，意思是空格填充#如果单元格中数字大于0，则将该数字格式化为居中显示，否者仅打印斜杠和空格cast(''.join('|{: ^5} '.format(num) if num > 0 else '|      ' for num in row) + '|')screen.clear()cast3('SCORE: ' + str(self.score))#绘制当前分数cast3('HIGHSCORE: ' + str(self.highscore))#绘制当前最高分数
#         if 0 != self.highscore:#绘制最高分
#             cast('HIGHSCORE: ' + str(self.highscore))for row in self.field:#遍历二维数组绘制4*4棋盘draw_hor_separator()draw_row(row)draw_hor_separator()if self.is_win():cast2(win_string)cast(help_string3)else:if self.is_gameover():cast(gameover_string)else:cast(help_string1)cast(help_string2)def spawn(self):new_element = 4 if randrange(100) > 89 else 2#9:1的比例生成2或4#通过choice随机选择一个未被占领的位置来放置new_element(i,j) = choice([(i,j) for i in range(self.width) for j in range(self.height) if self.field[i][j] == 0])self.field[i][j] = new_elementdef move_is_possible(self, direction):def row_is_left_movable(row): def change(i): # true if there'll be change in i-th tileif row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0: # Movereturn Trueif row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]: # Mergereturn Truereturn Falsereturn any(change(i) for i in range(len(row) - 1))#判断是否有任意一行可以向左移动check = {}check['Left']  = lambda field:                              \any(row_is_left_movable(row) for row in field)check['Right'] = lambda field:                              \check['Left'](invert(field))check['Up']    = lambda field:                              \check['Left'](transpose(field))check['Down']  = lambda field:                              \check['Right'](transpose(field))if direction in check:return check[direction](self.field)else:return Falsedef main(stdscr):#stdscr由curses传入，主要用于命令行的操作def init():#重置游戏棋盘game_field.reset()return 'Game'def not_game(state):#胜利或失败的状态#画出 GameOver 或者 Win 的界面game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到action，判断是重启游戏还是结束游戏action = get_user_action(stdscr)responses = defaultdict(lambda: state) #默认是当前状态，没有行为就会一直在当前界面循环responses['Restart'], responses['Exit'],responses['Continue'] = 'Init', 'Exit','Continue' #对应不同的行为转换到不同的状态return responses[action]def game():#画出当前棋盘状态game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到actionaction = get_user_action(stdscr)if action == 'Restart':return 'Init'if action == 'Exit':return 'Exit'if game_field.move(action): # move successfulif game_field.is_win():if action=='Continue':return 'Continue'else:return 'Win'if game_field.is_gameover():return 'Gameover'return 'Game'    def game_suc():#画出游戏成功后当前棋盘状态game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到actionaction = get_user_action(stdscr)if action == 'Restart':return 'Init'if action == 'Exit':return 'Exit'if game_field.move(action): # move successful            return 'GameSuc'return 'GameSuc'def game_continue():#达到胜利分数值选择继续游戏game_field.draw(stdscr)
#         #读取用户输入得到actionaction = get_user_action(stdscr)if game_field.move(action): # move successfulif game_field.is_gameover():return 'Gameover'else: return 'GameSuc'return 'GameSuc'state_actions = {'Init': init,'Win': lambda: not_game('Win'),'Gameover': lambda: not_game('Gameover'),'Game': game,'Continue':game_continue,'GameSuc':game_suc            }curses.use_default_colors()# 设置终结状态最大数值为 8game_field = GameField(win=8)state = 'Init'#状态机开始循环while state != 'Exit':state = state_actions[state]()#curses库提供了控制字符屏幕的独立于终端的方法
#不能用任何IDE来运行有curses包的python文件,否则提示Redirection is not supported.
curses.wrapper(main) #初始化curses

运行结果

初始化页面：

胜利页面：

用面向对象方法重构代码

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import curses
from random import randrange, choice # generate and place new tile
from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import chain
import sqlite3
from colorama import initclass Action():#有效健值列表letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQYwasdrqy']#print(letter_codes)#打印结果为WASDRQwasdrq对应的ascii码letter_list=[259,260,258,261,10,27,121]#上左下右EscEnterY键对应的ascii码，通过get_user_action中的char来获取letter_codes=letter_codes+letter_list#用户行为actions = ['Up', 'Left', 'Down', 'Right', 'Restart', 'Exit','Continue']#将输入与行为进行关联actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes, actions * 3))def __init__(self):pass#用户输入处理def get_user_action(self,keyboard):    char = "N"#阻塞+循环，直到获得用户有效输入才返回对应行为while char not in self.actions_dict:    char = keyboard.getch()#从控制台读取一个字符，但不显示在屏幕上#         print(char)#通过这里打印对应按键的数字找到上下左右等按键的对应的ascii码return self.actions_dict[char]#sqlite数据库操作，读取最高分数
class sqliteOperate():def __init__(self):self.conn=sqlite3.connect('2048.db')def select(self):score=self.conn.execute("select SCORE from HighScore")for row in score:return row[0]def update(self,score):self.conn.execute("update HighScore set SCORE ={0} where ID=1".format(score))self.conn.commit()self.conn.close() #创建棋盘
class GameField(object):def __init__(self, height=4, width=4,win=0):self.height=height #高self.width=width  #宽self.win_value=win  #过关分数self.score=0   #当前分数self.highscore=Highscore  #从数据库获取最高分self.reset()   #棋盘重置self.action=Action()#如果该方法没有引用对象的资源，可以采用静态方法，并且不需要传入self@staticmethod#矩阵转置,行和列的转换def transpose(field):return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]@staticmethod#矩阵逆转，每行倒着排列def invert(field):return [row[::-1] for row in field]#重置棋盘def reset(self):if self.score > self.highscore:self.highscore = self.scoresqliteoperate.update(self.highscore) #更新数据库中的最高分self.score = 0        self.field = [[0 for i in range(self.width)] for j in range(self.height)]#创建一个4*4值全为0的二维数组self.spawn()#棋盘上初始状态显示2个数字，随机生成两个数字，调两次spawn方法self.spawn()def spawn(self):new_element = 4 if randrange(100) > 89 else 2#9:1的比例生成2或4#通过choice随机选择一个未被占领的位置来放置new_element(i,j) = choice([(i,j) for i in range(self.width) for j in range(self.height) if self.field[i][j] == 0])self.field[i][j] = new_elementdef move(self, direction):#一行向左合并   def move_row_left(row):def tighten(row): #squeese non-zero elements together#把零散的非零单元挤到一块,先打印出非零的元素，然后在后面空白位置补0new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row) - len(new_row))]return new_rowdef merge(row):#对邻近元素进行合并pair = Falsenew_row = []for i in range(len(row)):if pair:new_row.append(2 * row[i])self.score += 2 * row[i]pair = Falseelse:if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i + 1]:pair = Truenew_row.append(0)else:new_row.append(row[i])assert len(new_row) == len(row)#assert断言是声明其布尔值必须为真的判定，如果发生异常就说明表达示为假return new_row#先挤到一块再合并再挤到一起return tighten(merge(tighten(row)))moves = {}moves['Left']  = lambda field:                              \[move_row_left(row) for row in field]moves['Right'] = lambda field:                              \self.invert(moves['Left'](self.invert(field)))moves['Up']    = lambda field:                              \self.transpose(moves['Left'](self.transpose(field)))moves['Down']  = lambda field:                              \self.transpose(moves['Right'](self.transpose(field)))if direction in moves:if self.move_is_possible(direction):self.field = moves[direction](self.field)self.spawn()return Trueelse:return Falsedef move_is_possible(self, direction):def row_is_left_movable(row): def change(i): # true if there'll be change in i-th tileif row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0: # Movereturn Trueif row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]: # Mergereturn Truereturn Falsereturn any(change(i) for i in range(len(row) - 1))#判断是否有任意一行可以向左移动check = {}check['Left']  = lambda field:                              \any(row_is_left_movable(row) for row in field)check['Right'] = lambda field:                              \check['Left'](self.invert(field))check['Up']    = lambda field:                              \check['Left'](self.transpose(field))check['Down']  = lambda field:                              \check['Right'](self.transpose(field))if direction in check:return check[direction](self.field)else:return False       def is_win(self):#any(x)判断x对象是否为空对象，如果都为空、0、false，则返回false，如果不都为空、0、false，则返回true#遍历每个元素查看是否大于win_value
#         return any(any(i >= self.win_value for i in row) for row in self.field)#找出当前二维数组中的最大值与win_value比较#chain把二维数组转化成序列
#         print(max(chain(*self.field)),self.win_value)return max(chain(*self.field))>=self.win_value        def is_gameover(self):#所有的行都不能移动则游戏结束return not any(self.move_is_possible(move) for move in self.action.actions)def draw(self, screen):     def set_color():#设置颜色#使用颜色首先需要调用这个方法curses.start_color()    #文字和背景色设置，设置了三个color pair,分别为1,2,3curses.init_pair(1,curses.COLOR_YELLOW,curses.COLOR_BLACK)curses.init_pair(2,curses.COLOR_GREEN,curses.COLOR_BLACK)curses.init_pair(3,curses.COLOR_RED,curses.COLOR_BLACK)def cast(string):#绘制字符串
#             screen.addstr(string+ '\n')     set_color()screen.addstr(string+ '\n',curses.color_pair(1))def cast2(string):#绘制字符串 ，成功时显示绿色的提示语     set_color()screen.addstr(string+ '\n',curses.color_pair(2))def cast3(string):#将分数和最高分显示为红色   set_color()screen.addstr(string+ '\n',curses.color_pair(3))def draw_row(row):#绘制包含数字的行#^是居中显式，<是左对齐，>是右对齐，冒号后面有一个空格，意思是空格填充#如果单元格中数字大于0，则将该数字格式化为居中显示，否者仅打印斜杠和空格cast(''.join('|{: ^5} '.format(num) if num > 0 else '|      ' for num in row) + '|')help_string1 = '(↑)Up(↓)Down(←)Left(→)Right'help_string2 = '   (Enter)Restart (Esc)Exit'help_string3 = '(Enter)Restart(Y)Continue(Esc)Exit'gameover_string = '           GAME OVER'win_string = '          YOU WIN!'      screen.clear()cast3('SCORE: ' + str(self.score))#绘制当前分数cast3('HIGHSCORE: ' + str(self.highscore))#绘制当前最高分数for row in self.field:cast('+------' * self.width + '+')draw_row(row)cast('+------' * self.width + '+')        if self.is_win():cast2(win_string)cast(help_string3)else:if self.is_gameover():cast(gameover_string)else:cast(help_string1)cast(help_string2)def main(stdscr):#stdscr由curses传入，主要用于命令行的操作def init():#重置游戏棋盘game_field.reset()return 'Game'def not_game(state):#胜利或失败的状态#画出 GameOver 或者 Win 的界面game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到action，判断是重启游戏还是结束游戏action = actionoperate.get_user_action(stdscr)responses = defaultdict(lambda: state) #默认是当前状态，没有行为就会一直在当前界面循环responses['Restart'], responses['Exit'],responses['Continue'] = 'Init', 'Exit','Continue' #对应不同的行为转换到不同的状态return responses[action]def game():#画出当前棋盘状态game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到actionaction = actionoperate.get_user_action(stdscr)if action == 'Restart':return 'Init'if action == 'Exit':return 'Exit'if game_field.move(action): # move successfulif game_field.is_win():if action=='Continue':return 'Continue'else:return 'Win'if game_field.is_gameover():return 'Gameover'return 'Game'    def game_suc():#画出游戏成功后当前棋盘状态game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到actionaction = actionoperate.get_user_action(stdscr)if action == 'Restart':return 'Init'if action == 'Exit':return 'Exit'if game_field.move(action): # move successful            return 'GameSuc'return 'GameSuc'def game_continue():#达到胜利分数值选择继续游戏game_field.draw(stdscr)
#         #读取用户输入得到actionaction = actionoperate.get_user_action(stdscr)if game_field.move(action): # move successfulif game_field.is_gameover():return 'Gameover'else: return 'GameSuc'return 'GameSuc'state_actions = {'Init': init,'Win': lambda: not_game('Win'),'Gameover': lambda: not_game('Gameover'),'Game': game,'Continue':game_continue,'GameSuc':game_suc            }#     curses.use_default_colors()# 设置终结状态最大数值为 8game_field = GameField(win=8)actionoperate=Action()state = 'Init'#状态机开始循环while state != 'Exit':state = state_actions[state]()sqliteoperate=sqliteOperate()
Highscore=sqliteoperate.select()
#curses库提供了控制字符屏幕的独立于终端的方法
#不能用任何IDE来运行有curses包的python文件,否则提示Redirection is not supported.
curses.wrapper(main) #初始化curses

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