SpringCloud微服务注册和消费模式总结
2024-04-08 02:23:37
SpringCloud微服务注册和消费模式总结
1.【微服务注册过程】：
（1）maven依赖：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.caox</groupId><artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>eureka-server</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version><apollo-client.version>1.1.0</apollo-client.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- apollo配置 --><dependency><groupId>com.ctrip.framework.apollo</groupId><artifactId>apollo-client</artifactId><version>${apollo-client.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.ctrip.framework.apollo</groupId><artifactId>apollo-core</artifactId><version>${apollo-client.version}</version></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build><repositories><repository><id>aliyun-maven</id><url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url></repository><repository><id>spring-milestones</id><name>Spring Milestones</name><url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url><snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots></repository></repositories></project>
（2）主配置文件application.yml:
server:port: 8761eureka:instance:hostname: localhostclient:registerWithEureka: falsefetchRegistry: falseserviceUrl:defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/（3）主程序切入口：
package com.caox;import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.spring.annotation.EnableApolloConfig;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
@EnableApolloConfig
public class EurekaServerApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);}}
2.【Eureka Client 服务提供者】：
（1）maven依赖：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.caox</groupId><artifactId>provider-server</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>provider-server</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version><apollo-client.version>1.1.0</apollo-client.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!--apollo配置--><dependency><groupId>com.ctrip.framework.apollo</groupId><artifactId>apollo-client</artifactId><version>${apollo-client.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.ctrip.framework.apollo</groupId><artifactId>apollo-core</artifactId><version>${apollo-client.version}</version></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>
（2）主配置文件:
eureka:client:serviceUrl:defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:port: 8762
spring:application:name: provider-test（3） 主程序切入口：
package com.caox;import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.spring.annotation.EnableApolloConfig;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableApolloConfig
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderServerApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ProviderServerApplication.class, args);}}
（4）服务Controller层提供方法：
package com.caox.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;/*** @author : nazi* @version : 1.0* @date : 2019/4/22 17:02*/
@Controller
public class ProviderController {@Value("${server.port}")private String port;@RequestMapping(value = "hi")@ResponseBodypublic String hello(){return "hello world! I am from " + port;}
}
3. 【使用LoadBalancerClient服务消费模式】：负载均衡
（1）maven依赖：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.voyer</groupId><artifactId>voyer-consumer-test</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>voyer-consumer-test</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring-cloud.version>Finchley.M9</spring-cloud.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build><repositories><repository><id>spring-snapshots</id><name>Spring Snapshots</name><url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url><snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots></repository><repository><id>spring-milestones</id><name>Spring Milestones</name><url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url><snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots></repository></repositories></project>
（2）默认启动程序: 注入RestTemplate
package com.caox;import com.alibaba.dubbo.spring.boot.annotation.EnableDubboConfiguration;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.spring.annotation.EnableApolloConfig;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@CrossOrigin //允许跨越访问
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableApolloConfig
@EnableDubboConfiguration
@EnableEurekaClient
public class SpringBootWebDemoApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebDemoApplication.class, args);}@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}}（3） 服务Controller层提供方法：
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {@AutowiredLoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;@AutowiredRestTemplate restTemplate;@RequestMapping("/hi")public String hello(){ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("provider-test");String url = "http://" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort() + "/hi";System.out.println(url);return restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);}
}其中 provider-test是指 Eureka Client 服务提供者 服务实例名，配置是 spring.application.name
4. 【使用Ribbon服务消费模式】：负载均衡
（1）maven依赖：
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>（2）默认启动程序:
package com.caox;import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.spring.annotation.EnableApolloConfig;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableApolloConfig
//@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
// 如果选用的注册中心是eureka，那么就推荐@EnableEurekaClient，如果是其他的注册中心，那么推荐使用@EnableDiscoveryClient。
public class ConsumerRibbonApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ConsumerRibbonApplication.class, args);}@Bean@LoadBalancedpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}
}
（3） 服务Controller层提供方法：
package com.caox.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/*** @author : nazi* @version : 1.0* @date : 2019/4/22 14:01*/
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {@AutowiredRestTemplate restTemplate;@RequestMapping("/hi")public String hello(){return restTemplate.getForObject("http://spring-boot-web/hi", String.class);}
}
5. 【使用Feign服务消费模式】：负载均衡
（1）maven依赖：
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId></dependency>（2）默认启动程序:
package com.caox;import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.spring.annotation.EnableApolloConfig;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableApolloConfig
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ConsumerFeignApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ConsumerFeignApplication.class, args);}}
（3）接口服务层：
package com.caox.service;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;/*** @author : nazi* @version : 1.0* @date : 2019/4/22 16:34*/
@FeignClient(value = "spring-boot-web")
public interface ConsumerService {@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)String hiFromProvider();
}
（4）服务Controller层提供方法：
package com.caox.controller;import com.caox.service.ConsumerService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** @author : nazi* @version : 1.0* @date : 2019/4/22 16:33*/
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {@AutowiredConsumerService consumerService;@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)public String hi(){return consumerService.hiFromProvider();}
}
参考文献：服务的注册与发现（Eureka）、服务消费（LoadBalancerClient、Ribbon、Feign）
其中 EnableDiscoveryClient与EnableEurekaClient的区别：Spring Cloud源码分析之Eureka篇第三章：EnableDiscoveryClient与EnableEurekaClient的区别(Edgware版本)
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