rhyme with each other 相互押韵

月是故乡明季羡林
每个人都有个故乡，人人的故乡都有个月亮。人人都爱自己故乡的月亮。事情大概就是这个样子。

Everyone has his hometown, every hometown has a moon, and everyone loves the moon over his hometown. Presumably, that‘s how things are.

但是，如果只有孤零零一个月亮，未免显得有点孤单。因此，在中国古诗文中，月亮总有什么东西当陪衬，最多的是山和水，什么“山高月小”，“三潭印月”等等，不可胜数。

However, the moon would look lonely if it hung in the sky all by itself. In classic Chinese poems or essays, therefore, the moon is always accompanied by something, most likely by a mountain or a river. Hence, "High is the mountain, and small is the moon," and "Three towers reflected on the lake on a moonlight night," etc. There are simply too many such scenes to count.

我的故乡是在山东西北部大平原上。我小的时候，从来没有见过山，也不知山为何物。我曾幻想，山大概是一个圆而粗的柱子吧，顶天立地，好不威风。以后到了济南，才见到山，恍然大悟：原来山是这个样子呀！因此，我在故乡里望月，从来不同山联系。像苏东坡说的“月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间”，完全是我无法想像的。

My home village is located on a major plain in northwestern Shandong. I never saw a mountain when I was small; as a result, I didn"t know what a mountain was like. In my imagination, a mountain was probably a thick and round column, so tall that it pierced the sky and looked awesome.When I grew up, I went to Jinan, where I saw some mountains for the first time. Suddenly I became aware of what a mountain was. The moon that I saw in my village when I was young, therefore, was never associated with any mountains. It was beyond my wildest dream to understand what the poet Su Dongpo said in his poem: "The moon rises above the Eastern Mountain and lingers between the Southern Dipper and Altair."

至于水，我的故乡小村却大大地有。几个小苇坑占了小村一多半。在我这个小孩子眼中，虽不能像洞庭湖“八月湖水”那样有气派，但也颇有一点烟波浩渺之势。到了夏天，黄昏以后，我在坑边的场院里躺在地上，数天上的星星。有时候在古柳下面点起篝火，然后上树一摇，成群的知了飞落下来，比白天用嚼烂的麦粒去粘要容易得多。我天天晚上乐此不疲，天天盼望黄昏早早来临。

As for water, there was plenty of it in my small village. Several reed-filled ponds made up most of the village. In the eyes of a kid such as me, those ponds were not as magnificent as Lake Dongting whose "waters in August are placid," but they did seem to extend far and wide.On a summer evening, I would lie on the ground near a pond and try to count the stars in the sky. Occasionally a bonfire would be set under an old willow. Someone would climb onto the tree and shake it. And lo and behold, many cicadas would drop down. That was a much easier way of catching cicada than trying to get them glued to chewed wheat grains. Every evening I took great pleasure in doing that, and everyday I looked forward to the early arrival of dusk.

到了更晚的时候，我走到坑边，抬头看到晴空一轮明月，清光四溢，与水里的那个月亮相映成趣。我当时虽然还不懂什么叫诗兴，但也顾而乐之，心中油然有什么东西在萌动。有时候在坑边玩很久，才回家睡觉。在梦中见到两个月亮叠在一起。清光更加晶莹澄澈。第二天一早起来，到坑边苇子丛里去捡鸭子下的蛋，白白地一闪光，手伸向水中，一摸就是一个蛋。此时更是乐不可支了。

Later in the evening, I would walk to a pond, where I looked up at the moon in the sky, bright and clear, and down at the moon reflected, just as bright and clear, on the surface of the pond. Too young to know what a poem was, I was nonetheless so impressed by what I had seen that there seemed to be something stirring in my heart. On some days, I would play by the pond late into the night.Not until midnight did I go home to sleep. And in my dream, I would see two moons, one on the top of the other, their light shining all the more brightly and splendidly. The next day, early in the morning, I would go to the pond to look for duck eggs in the reeds. Glistening, they were there for me to pick. I was happy beyond words.

我只在故乡呆了六年，以后就离乡背井漂泊天涯。在济南住了十多年，在北京度过四年，又回到济南呆了一年，然后在欧洲住了十一年，重又回到北京，到现在已经十多年了。在这期间，我曾到过世界上将进三十个国家，我看过许许多多的月亮。在风光旖旎的瑞士莱芒湖上，在平沙无垠的非洲大沙漠中，在碧波万顷的大海中，在巍峨雄奇的高山上，我都看到过月亮。这些月亮应该说都是美妙绝伦的，我都异常喜欢。但是，看到他们，我立刻就想到我故乡中那个苇坑上面和水中的那个小月亮。对比之下，无论如何我也感到，这些广阔世界的大月亮，万万比不上我那心爱的小月亮。不管我离开我的故乡多少万里，我的心立刻就飞来了。我的小月亮，我永远忘不掉你！

I lived in my home village for only six years. Then I left it and began to live the life of an itinerant, roaming freely all over the world. First I spent a dozen or so years in Jinan, then I spent four years in Peking and then I returned to Jinan for one more year. Following that, I lived in Europe nearly eleven years, only to return to Peking again. Altogether, it was over forty years, during which I visited nearly 30 countries and saw the moon everywhere I went.I saw it in Lake Leman in Switzerland, on the great desert in Africa, in the vast sea, and over huge mountains. The moon was undisputedly beautiful wherever I saw it, and I liked it every time I saw it.But the sight of the moon in foreign lands would invariably remind me of the small moon I had seen over my own village, reflected on the water of a pond. I always felt that, however big and beautiful the foreign moon was, it could not be as bright and beautiful as the lovely moon I saw over my small village. However distant I might be from my home village, the thought of that lovely moon would make my heart fly back. My dear lovely small moon, I"ll never forget you!

我现在已经年近耄耋，住的朗润园胜地。夸大一点说，此地有茂林修竹，绿水环流，还有几座土山，点缀其间。风光无疑是绝妙的。前几年，我从庐山休养回来，一个同在庐山休养的老朋友来看我。他看到这样的风光，慨然说：“你住在这样的好地方，还到庐山去干嘛呢！”可见朗润园给人印象之深。此地既然有山，有水，有树，有花，有鸟，每逢望夜，一轮当空，月光闪耀于碧波之上，上下空，一碧数顷，而且荷香远溢，宿鸟幽鸣，真不能不说是赏月胜地。荷塘月色的奇景，就在我的窗外。不管是谁来到这里，难道还能不顾而乐之吗？

Now almost 70 years old, I live at Peking University in its Langrun Garden, which is itself a scenic attraction. To brag a bit, I would describe it as having lush bushes and slender bamboo with streams running merrily around several tiny hills. The scene is exquisitely beautiful.A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure of spending a summer vacation in Mt. Lushan, one of the best summer resorts in China. Back in Peking together with one of my old friends, he exclaimed at the sight of Langrun Garden, "Oh, with such a beautiful place to live in, why should you have gone to Mt. Lushan for vacation?" His words testified to the beauty of the Garden, which boasts of hills, streams, trees, bamboo, flowers, and birds.On a night with the full moon in the sky, the Garden is certainly an ideal place to appreciate the poetic beauty seen in the vast sky where the moon hangs, the lush trees where sleepy birds sing, and the tranquil ponds where lotuses send out a delicate fragrance. The much-coveted sight of "moonlight over a lotus-covered pond" is right next to my room window. Whoever comes to my home will be delighted to see it.

然而，每值这样的良辰美景，我想到的仍然是故乡苇坑里的那个平凡的小月亮。见月思乡，已经成为我经常的经历。思乡之病，说不上是苦是乐，其中有追忆，有惆怅，有留恋，有惋惜。流光如逝，时不再来。在微苦中实有甜美在。

On such beautiful nights, however, I will think of the ordinary moon over the pond in my home village. Indeed, seeing the moon never fails to make me think of my home village. It is hard to say if nostalgia—a malady, isn"t it?—brings one sweetness or bitterness. As it is, nostalgia is filled with fond memories, anxieties, regrets, or even pain. Time, once gone, is gone forever. Ultimately, nostalgia is sweet with a touch of bitterness.

月是故乡明，我什么时候能够再看到我故乡的月亮呀！我怅望南天，心飞向故里。

Bright is the moon over my home village. When can I see that moon again? As I look southward, my heart flies there.

月夜忆舍弟 杜甫

戍鼓断人行，秋边一雁声。

露从今夜白，月是故乡明。

有弟皆分散，无家问死生。

寄书长不达，况乃未休兵。

THINKING OF MY BROTHERS ON A MOONLIT NIGHT

Du Fu

许渊冲译

War drums break people's journey drear;

A swan honks on autumn frontier.

Dew turns into frost since tonight;

The moon viewed at home is more bright.

I've brothers scattered here and there;

For our life or death none would care.

Letters can't reach where I intend;

Alas! The war's not come to an end.

Honks n.雁叫声( honk的名词复数 )；汽车的喇叭声v.（使）发出雁叫似的声音，鸣（喇叭），按（喇叭）( honk的第三人称单数 )

frontier 边界; 前沿，新领域; （美国）西部边疆;

drear 阴沉的

swan /swan/天鹅诗人歌手

Dew /dui/ 露水

frost ：使结冰霜; 冻坏; （在蛋糕上）撒糖霜; 霜

scatter ed ：分散的; 零散的; 疏落的; 到处都是…的; ˈ[skætə(r)ed] scatter 分散

Alas： /əˈlæs/ （表示悲痛、遗憾）哎呀; 唉; 乌呼; 呜呼哀哉;

杜甫简介

　　Du Fu (AD 712 - AD 770), the word the United States, the Han nationality, the Xiangyang people, after the resettlement of Henan Gongxian. Since the number of Shaoling wild, the Tang Dynasty great realist poet, and Li Bai collectively "Li Du". In order to distinguish with the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu that "Xiao Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai and collectively known as "big Li Du", Du Fu is also often referred to as "old Du".

　　Du Fu's influence in Chinese classical poetry is very far-reaching, he is called "poetry", his poem is called "poetry history". Later generations of its Du Su left, Du workers, also known as Du Shaoling, Du Cao Tang.

　　Du Fu created the "spring", "North", "three officials", "three" and other masterpieces. 759 Du Fu abandoned the official into the river, although to avoid the war, life is relatively stable, but still the heart of the common people, mind state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realist poet, but he also has wild uninhibited side, from his masterpiece "Drinking Eight Immortals" is not difficult to see Du Fu's pride dry clouds.

　　Du Fu's core of thought is Confucian benevolent thought, he has "Zhijun Yao and Shun, and then make the custom Chun" grand ambitions. Du Fu Although the reputation of the world is not prominent, but later fame, the Chinese literature and Japanese literature have had a profound impact. Du Fu a total of about 1500 poems were preserved, mostly in the "Du workers set".

杜甫生平经历

　　Family background

　　Du Fu was born in Jingzhao Du, is the north of the Taisho family. Its ancestors for the Emperor of the famous emperor Du Zhou, grandfather Du commented. Du Fu and another poet of the Tang Dynasty, "Xiao Li Du" Du Mu with the Jin Dynasty University, the famous Du after the first. But the two factions far, Du Fu Du from the second sub-Du, and Du Mu from Du Fu Shaozi small child. Du Fu youth because of the family environment is superior, so live a more stable and rich life. He is a small school, seven years old can make poetry, "seven age that is strong, open Wing Phoenix", interested in "to Jun Yao and Shun, and then make customs Chun." He was also very naughty juvenile, "remember the fifteen heart is still children, such as the yellow calf come back to the court before August pear jujube cooked, the tree on a day to thousands of times."

　　Young travel

　　Kaiyuan nineteen years old, Du Fu travel Huan flaw (now Shandong Linyi). Twenty years old, roaming Wu Yue, which lasted several years. Kaiyuan twenty-three years (735), back home to participate in "township". Twenty four years in Luoyang to participate in the examination, the results fell. Du Fu's father was Yanzhou Sima post, Du Fu then went to Yanzhou province pro, began Qi Zhao tour.

　　Tian Bao three contained (744) in April, Du Fu in Luoyang and Tang Xuanzong was given gold and Li Bai meet, the two meet the same beam, Song (now Henan Kaifeng, Shangqiu area). Later, Du Fu went to Qi (now Shandong Jinan). After four years, the autumn went to Yanzhou and Li Bai meet, the two together to find the immortal visit, talk about poetry papers, forged a "drunk sleep autumn were together, hand in hand" friendship. Autumn, the two handshake different, Du Fu ended the "debauchery Qi Zhao, Qiu Ma quite crazy" roaming life, back to Chang'an.

　　Career is not smooth

　　Du Fu lived in the Tang Dynasty by the Sheng decline in the historical period, Du Fu was born in a generation of "Fengru Gu Guan" family, home learned. Early works mainly show the ideal aspirations and the desired path of life. On the other hand the performance of his "Zhijun Yao and Shun, then make the custom" political ideals, during which many works reflect the people's livelihood and political turmoil, exposing the ugly acts of the rulers, from the set foot on the country's life And creative path. With the late Tang Zongzheng politics more and more corrupt, his life day by day into poverty and disappointment. In the life of the displaced.

　　Tianbao six contained, Xuanzong Chao world "pass an artist" to Changan test, Du Fu also participated in the examination. As the right by Li Linfu directed a "wild no trace" of the farce, to participate in the examination of the scholar all unsuccessful. Since the road of imperial examinations, Du Fu to achieve their political ideals, had to turn away the door of the powerful, donated Ye Ye, but no results. Ten years of his guest Chang'an, running Fu Fu, depressed unsuccessful, career frustrated, living a poor life, "Jinshi not in the first, Changan Chang."

　　Tianbao ten years in the first month, Xuanzong will be held in the worship of Taiqing Gong, temple and heaven and earth of the three major celebrations, Du Fu, then in the days of nine winter preload three "ceremony Fu", get Xuanzong appreciation, ordered in the Jixian Institute, but only Was "listed order" qualification, waiting for the distribution, because the main test is still Li Linfu so did not get office.

　　Tian Bao fourteen years, Du Fu was granted a small officer of the river, but Du Fu do not want to "do not make Hexi Wei, desolate for the waist," the official office, the court will be renamed right-wing government forces Cao Cao Jun (low-level official , Responsible for the guards armor, management access control key). Du Fu for forty-four years, to Chang'an more than ten years, for the livelihood and accepted the useless job. In November, Du Fu to Fengxian province, Du Fu just entered the house to hear the cry, the original little son starved to death. Chang'an ten years of experience and experience along the way, written in the famous "from Beijing to Fengxian County Yonghuai five hundred words."

　　War out of war

　　Tianbao fourteen years in November, Anshi chaos broke out, the second year in June, Tongguan fall, Xuanzong hustle and hard to escape. In July, Prince Li Heng is located in Lingwu, is Suzong. At this time Du Fu has moved home to the state (now Shaanxi Fu County) Qiang village refuge, he heard Suzhuang ascended the throne, in August alone north, defected to Lingwu, on the way unfortunately for the rebels captured, detained to Changan The With the captured Wang Wei was strict care, Du Fu because the official small, not imprisoned. Despite the personal experience of the unfortunate, but Du Fu always worry about the country. When the history of the chaos, he always watched the development of the current situation, during which wrote two articles: "for the state of China to make the king into the residual crown situation map" and "Qi Yuan, "To exterminate the rebels of the rebels, to consider how to reduce the burden on the people. When the rebellion of the rebels - the town of the northwest courty to Li Siye soldiers passing through Huazhou, he wrote "Guan Anxi soldiers went to Guanzhong two standby" poem, expressed the patriotic enthusiasm.

　　An official period

　　To Germany two years (757) in April, Guo Ziyi army came to the north of Chang'an, Du Fu adventure from the West to escape the Changan light through the confrontation between the two armies to Fengxiang (now Shaanxi Baoji) defected Suzong, May 16, Su Su granted for the left to eat, the old saying "Du Su left". Unexpectedly, Du Fu soon due to the rescue of the guang, shocked Suzong, was relegated to Huazhou (now Hua County), responsible for rituals, rituals, schools, elections, medical divination, examinations and other things. To Huazhou, Du Fu feeling very depressed and troubled. He often travel Xixi County Zheng County Pavilion (in this Xinglin town veteran Taiwan near), to worry about dispatching boring. He was in the "title Zheng County Pavilion", "early autumn hot hot case is still", "independent" and "thin horse" and other poems, to express the frustration of the career, inconstancy, rape slander sigh and resentment. Rescue room Guanxi this matter, Du Fu by the prime minister Zhang Sha to rescue and release. But "the emperor is not only provincial record", since then, Suzong Du Fu is no longer reuse. This year in September, Changan recovered. Du Fu returned to Chang'an in November, still left the left, although loyal to his duties, but eventually due to the case of the case of Gui case involved in the first year of the yuan (758) in June was relegated to Huazhou Division to join the army.

　　Qian yuan the first year (758) at the end of Du Fu temporarily left China, to Luoyang, Yanshi (both in this Henan Province) to visit relatives. The second year in March, Tang Jun and the rebels of the Ye City (now Henan Anyang) war broke out, Tang Jun defeated. Du Fu from Luoyang to return to Huazhou on the way to see the war to the people of the infinite disaster and the people bite the bullet into the army to participate in the war of patriotic behavior, filled with emotion, will be pen to create an immortal epic - "Three officials" (" "And" three different "(" wedding "," old "," no home "), and after returning to China, the revision of the draft. "Surprisingly, because of people for travel."

　　Southwest wandering

　　Qian Yuan two years (759) summer, Huazhou and Guanzhong drought, Du Fu wrote "summer sigh" and "summer night sigh", worry when the sad, chant slander bitter. This year after the beginning of the fall, Du Fu because of the dirty when the political headache, and give up the power of the Department of Chinese troops to join the military, west to Qinzhou (now Gansu Tianshui area). Du Fu in the Department of Chinese power office, a total of more than 30 poems. Du Fu after several twists and turns, and finally to Chengdu, Yan Wu and others with the help of the city in the west huanhua River, built a cottage, the world called "Du Fu Cottage", also known as "Huanhua Cottage." After Yan Wu recommended for the festival, the family sojourned in Sichuan Fengjie County.

　　Guangde two years (764) spring, Yan Wu and then Shu, Du Fu was back to the cottage, after drift for nearly two years. Yan Wujiu recommended Du Fu for the inspection workers outside the staff Lang, done Yan Wu's staff, later known as Du Fu for the Department of Du. Du Fu recently resigned. This five or six years, Du Fu people fence, life is still bitter, he said: "thick Lu Gu book cut off, constant hungry child color desolate" ("crazy") "infants do not know father and son ceremony, "He used some of the details of life to show the hardships of his life, he said that his child that is not sensible children do not know respect for his father, I do not know the teacher ceremony, hungry, whether it is not father, is not to follow Father and son of the ceremony, hungry to clamor to eat, in the East Gate outside the number of cry, to the fall of the storm, Du Fu's cottage dilapidated, hunger wife, sleep at night, he wrote "hut for the autumn wind song" The

　　Guangde in April Yan Wu died, Du Fu left Chengdu. Yongzhou (Yibin), Yuzhou (Chongqing), Zhongzhou (Zhongxian), Yunan (Yunyang), arrived in the first year of the Kuizhou (Fengjie). Due to the care of the Kuizhou Governor Pei Maolin, Du Fu was able to stay here for the time, for the public escrow Dongtun Gong Tian 100, he also rented some of the public field, bought forty acres of orchards, hired a few hired workers, and Family also participated in some labor. During this period, the poet's creation reached a climax, less than two years, more than four hundred and forty poems, accounting for 30 percent of the existing works. During this period, his works are "spring night rain", "hut for the autumn wind song", "Shu phase", "Wen Guan Jun received Henan Hebei", "climb", "Deng Yueyang floor" and many other masterpieces. One of the most famous verse is: "Andy Guangsha ten million, big shelter the world of cold disabilities are happy." And "climbing" in the "boundless Xiaoxiao, not the Yangtze River rolling to" is the eternal farewell.

　　Jiang Zhou died

　　Big calendar three years, Du Fu Sixiang eagerly, by boat in the gorge, first to Jiangling, turn the public security, the end of the wandering to Yueyang, Hunan, this period of time Du Fu has been living on board. Due to difficulties in life, not only can not return to the north, was forced to go south. Big calendar four years the first month, from Yueyang to Tanzhou (Changsha), and from Tanzhou to Hengzhou (Hengyang), complex turn back to Tanzhou. Tang Dynasty were five years (770), Zang 玠 in Tanzhou chaos, Du Fu and fled to Hengzhou, originally intended to go to Chenzhou to join his uncle Cui, but line to Leiyang, met the river soared, had to park Fang Tian, five days did not Eat something, thanks to the county magistrate Nie sent sent meat and meat and saved. Later, Du Fu from Leiyang to Chenzhou, need to flow against more than two hundred, when the flood has not returned, Du Fu original to the north, then change the plan, down the river, back to Tanzhou. Dafu five years in winter, Du Fu in the Tanzhou to Yueyang a boat died. Fifty-nine years old.

杜甫个人成就

　　Poetry

　　Du Fu poem "has set sixty volumes", early lost. Northern Song Baoyuan two years (1039) Wang Zhu series has 1405, compiled for the 18 volumes, entitled "Du workers set". Qian Qianyi compiled "Note Du workers set". Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu rate more simulation plagiarism, Chen Chenxiang, the most disgusting." The United States and the original alone on the feelings of the United States on the hardships, the pain of the poor, free To the predecessors ".

　　Du Fu's poems are called "poetic history" in Du Fu's middle school because of his poetic style. His poems to ancient, poems known for the long, diverse styles, "calm and frustrated" four words accurately summed up his own style of work, and to the main depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period of the Tang Dynasty, and his poems were devoted to the social turmoil, political darkness and the people's suffering. His poems reflected the social contradictions and the people's misery. His poems recorded the decline of the Tang Dynasty Historical changes, expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of love and a strong sense of urgency, which is known as the "history of poetry." Du Fu worry about the country, noble personality, poetic exquisite. Du Fu's life writing more than 1,500 songs, many of which are preaching the famous, such as "three officials" and "three different"; which "three officials" as "stone trench officials", "new security" and "Tongguan Official "," three other "as" new wedding "," no family "and" old ". Du Fu handed down the poem is the most widely in Tang poetry, is one of the most outstanding poets of the Tang Dynasty, far-reaching impact on future generations. Du Fu works known as the world devastated, poetry in the holy; folk suffering, pen at the end of waves. Is the representative of realism poetry.

　　The poems occupy a very important position in Du Fu. The achievements of Du Fu 's poems are to expand the performance of the poems. He not only wrote poetry, eulogy, travel, feast, and landscape, but also wrote something with law. With the law to write current affairs, words and rulings are limited, more difficult, and Du Fu was able to use freely. Du Fu wrote the poem in a vertical and horizontal unrestrained, extremely capable of change, the law and can not see the shackles of the sound, the war neat and can not see the traces of the battle. Such as Yang Lun called "Du set of seven words first" and "climb", is such a poem: "windy days ape awe, Zhu Qingsha white birds fly back. The Yangtze River rolling to the thousands of miles of sad autumn often guest, over a hundred years of disease alone on stage. Hard bitter crisp touch the temples, down and out of the new stop the glass. "The whole poem in the voice sentence, and very sophisticated, elegant. Eight are right, the first sentence is also right. The whole of the war is covered by the image of the flow of consciousness, and tightly become smooth.

　　Du Fu's poems of the highest achievements, it can be said that this is written in the form of muddy flow, no trace can be found, write if the inadvertent, people forget it as a poem. Such as "spring night rain": "good rain know the season, when the spring is the occurrence of the wind sneaked into the night, moisten things silently. Wild cloud all black, river boat fire alone, see the red wet, "On the four lines with water, the spring rain charm write down, silent endlessly come from the end of the joint write a sudden look back to the surprise, strict style and seamlessly.

　　Du Fu is good at using many of the classical poetry system, and to be creative development. Du Fu's concern about the misery of people's livelihood and his achievements in the study of poetry directly affected the Tang Dynasty Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others of the new Yuefu creation. He is the new Yuefu poetic style openers. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the Middle Tang Dynasty. His five or seven ancient long, also poem also history, unfolds, but also focus on the whole round of reciprocating, marking the Chinese poetry art of high achievement. Social contradictions of the Song Dynasty is to learn Du Fu's most prosperous era, appeared to Du Fu as the case of Jiangxi poetry school. The late Ming and early Qing Dynasty Gu Yanwu and others also have obvious tendency to learn Du, but also like Du Fu with the same poems reflect the anti-Qing struggle, impassioned.

　　Du Shi was widely valued, after the Song Dynasty. Wang Yu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others Du Fu respected times. Research data for nearly a thousand years, governance of the wind is not absolute. Song Dynasty there are many Du Fu's chronology, classification, set of books and other books, such as Wang soo "Du workers set", Guo Zhida "nine set of Du Fu poetry", Lu times, Cai Mengbi will note the " ", Xu Juren editor of the" sub-gate set Du Fu Department of poetry ", which works" Wen Guan Jun received Henan Hebei "," Spring "," quatrains "," Wang Yue "and so on. Later, the collection of Du is also more than 100 species, the more popular money Qianyi "Note Du Gongbu set", Qiu Zhaoyao "Du Fu detailed note", Yang Lun "Du Shi mirror Quan", Pu from the dragon "read Du solution." New and old "Tang" have Du Fu's biography. After the two songs, poem notes in the comments, explain the poems of Du Fu is very rich. Zhonghua Book Company 1964 compiled "classical literature research data compiled Du Fu volume" on the "Tang and Song Department." Wang Si at the end of the Ming Dynasty, "Du", clear Shi Hongbao have "read Du Shi said." In addition, Zhonghua Book Company will be the May Fourth Movement since the more important papers compiled into "Du Fu research papers." Biography and new research monographs are Feng Zhi "Du Fu Chuan", Xiao Dili non "Du Fu research", Fu Gengsheng "Du Fu's poetics", Zhu Dongrun "Du Fu narrative". More detailed chronology of Wen Yiduo "Mr. Shao Ling Chronological Notes" and the Sichuan Museum of Literature and History "Du Fu Chronology."

　　Calligraphy

　　Du Fu in the calligraphy concept is very mature and deep. From the record point of view, his book to Kai Li grass and work, the whole line to the line, appreciate the ancient and magnificent, pay attention to the writing speed, rhythm, gestures, ink law and so on, in the Tang Dynasty is also very deep Of the bookstore. At the same time, he praised the Tang Dynasty official script, for Cao Pa, Zhang Xu's evaluation is enough to make him in the history of calligraphy left a reputation, and his "book expensive" that is laid Du Fu in the history of calligraphy theory important position.

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