一、图像格式间相互转换

1.BYTE转QImage、HObject和Mat

Balser下相机图像数据转换成QImage、Mat、HObject

    QImage Qimg;Mat cvImg;HObject hvImg;//格式转换m_formatConverter.Convert(pylonImage, ptrGrabResult);uchar * din = (uchar *)(pylonImage.GetBuffer()); //数据指针//单通道Momoif(IsMono(pylonImage.GetPixelType())){qDebug()<<"黑白图像";Qimg = QImage(din, ptrGrabResult->GetWidth(), ptrGrabResult->GetHeight(), QImage::Format_Indexed8);cvImg = Mat(ptrGrabResult->GetHeight(),ptrGrabResult->GetWidth(),CV_8UC1,din).clone();GenImage1Extern(&hvImg,"byte",(HTuple)ptrGrabResult->GetWidth(),(HTuple)ptrGrabResult->GetHeight(),(long)din,NULL); //Mono}else{//此处可以根据相机的格式获取特定格式的彩色图像if(IsRGB(pylonImage.GetPixelType())){Qimg = QImage(din, ptrGrabResult->GetWidth(), ptrGrabResult->GetHeight(), QImage::Format_RGB888);cvImg = Mat(ptrGrabResult->GetHeight(),ptrGrabResult->GetWidth(),CV_8UC3,din).clone();GenImageInterleaved (&hvImg,(long)din, "rgb", (HTuple)ptrGrabResult->GetWidth(),(HTuple)ptrGrabResult->GetHeight(), 0, "byte", 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0);}}

2.QImage、HObject和Mat的相互转换

QImage转HObject

HObject Widget::QImage2HObject(QImage qimage)
{HObject hv_image;int width = qimage.width();int height = qimage.height();QImage::Format format = qimage.format();if(format == QImage::Format_RGB32 ||format == QImage::Format_ARGB32 ||format == QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied){GenImageInterleaved(&hv_image,(Hlong)qimage.bits(),"bgrx",qimage.width(),qimage.height(),0,"byte",width, height, 0, 0, 8, 0);}else if(format == QImage::Format_RGB888){GenImageInterleaved(&hv_image,(Hlong)qimage.bits(),"bgr",qimage.width(),qimage.height(),0,"byte",width, height, 0, 0, 8, 0);}else if(format == QImage::Format_Grayscale8 || format == QImage::Format_Indexed8){GenImage1(&hv_image,"byte", width, height, (Hlong)qimage.bits());}return hv_image;
}

HObject转QImage

void HObjectToQImage(HObject hv_image, QImage &qimage)
{HTuple hChannels,htype,hpointer;HTuple width=0;HTuple height=0;ConvertImageType(hv_image,&hv_image,"byte");//将图片转化成byte类型CountChannels(hv_image,&hChannels);       //判断图像通道数if(hChannels[0].I()==1)//单通道图{unsigned char *ptr;GetImagePointer1(hv_image,&hpointer,&htype,&width,&height);ptr=(unsigned char *)hpointer[0].L();qimage= QImage(ptr,width,height,QImage::Format_Indexed8);}else if(hChannels[0].I()==3)//三通道图{unsigned char *ptr3;HObject ho_ImageInterleaved;rgb3_to_interleaved(hv_image, &ho_ImageInterleaved);GetImagePointer1(ho_ImageInterleaved, &hpointer, &htype, &width, &height);ptr3=(unsigned char *)hpointer[0].L();qimage= QImage(ptr3,width/3,height,width,QImage::Format_RGB888);}
}
void rgb3_to_interleaved (HObject ho_ImageRGB, HObject *ho_ImageInterleaved)
{// Local iconic variablesHObject  ho_ImageAffineTrans, ho_ImageRed, ho_ImageGreen;HObject  ho_ImageBlue, ho_RegionGrid, ho_RegionMoved, ho_RegionClipped;// Local control variablesHTuple  hv_PointerRed, hv_PointerGreen, hv_PointerBlue;HTuple  hv_Type, hv_Width, hv_Height, hv_HomMat2DIdentity;HTuple  hv_HomMat2DScale;GetImagePointer3(ho_ImageRGB, &hv_PointerRed, &hv_PointerGreen, &hv_PointerBlue,&hv_Type, &hv_Width, &hv_Height);GenImageConst(&(*ho_ImageInterleaved), "byte", hv_Width*3, hv_Height);//HomMat2dIdentity(&hv_HomMat2DIdentity);HomMat2dScale(hv_HomMat2DIdentity, 1, 3, 0, 0, &hv_HomMat2DScale);AffineTransImageSize(ho_ImageRGB, &ho_ImageAffineTrans, hv_HomMat2DScale, "constant",hv_Width*3, hv_Height);//Decompose3(ho_ImageAffineTrans, &ho_ImageRed, &ho_ImageGreen, &ho_ImageBlue);GenGridRegion(&ho_RegionGrid, 2*hv_Height, 3, "lines", hv_Width*3, hv_Height+1);MoveRegion(ho_RegionGrid, &ho_RegionMoved, -1, 0);ClipRegion(ho_RegionMoved, &ho_RegionClipped, 0, 0, hv_Height-1, (3*hv_Width)-1);ReduceDomain(ho_ImageRed, ho_RegionClipped, &ho_ImageRed);MoveRegion(ho_RegionGrid, &ho_RegionMoved, -1, 1);ClipRegion(ho_RegionMoved, &ho_RegionClipped, 0, 0, hv_Height-1, (3*hv_Width)-1);ReduceDomain(ho_ImageGreen, ho_RegionClipped, &ho_ImageGreen);MoveRegion(ho_RegionGrid, &ho_RegionMoved, -1, 2);ClipRegion(ho_RegionMoved, &ho_RegionClipped, 0, 0, hv_Height-1, (3*hv_Width)-1);ReduceDomain(ho_ImageBlue, ho_RegionClipped, &ho_ImageBlue);OverpaintGray((*ho_ImageInterleaved), ho_ImageRed);OverpaintGray((*ho_ImageInterleaved), ho_ImageGreen);OverpaintGray((*ho_ImageInterleaved), ho_ImageBlue);return;
}

HObject和Mat互转

using namespace cv;
using namespace Halcon;//HObject转Mat
Mat HObject2Mat(HObject Hobj)
{HTuple htCh = HTuple();HString cType;cv::Mat Image;ConvertImageType(Hobj,&Hobj,"byte");CountChannels(Hobj,&htch);Hlong wid = 0;Hlong hgt = 0;if(htch[0].I() == 1){HImage hImg(Hobj);void *ptr = hImg.GetImagePointer1(&cType,&wid,&hgt);int W = wid;int H = hgt;Image.create(H,W,CV_8UC1);unsigned char *pdata = static_case<unsigned char*>(ptr);memcpy(Image.data,pdata,W*H);}else if (htch[0].I()  == 3){void *Rptr;void *Gptr;void *Bptr;HImage hImg(Hobj);hImg.GetImagePointer3(&Rptr,&Gptr,&Bptr,&cType,&wid,&hgt);int W = wid;int H = hgt;Image.create(H,W,CV_8UC3);vector<cv::Mat> VecM(3);VecM[0].create(H,W,CV_8UC1);VecM[1].create(H,W,CV_8UC1);VecM[2].create(H,W,CV_8UC1);unsigned char *R = (unsigned char *)Rptr;unsigned char *G = (unsigned char *)Gptr;unsigned char *B = (unsigned char *)Bptr;memcpy(VecM[2].data,R,W*H);memcpy(VecM[1].data,G,W*H);memcpy(VecM[0].data,B,W*H);cv::merge(VecM,Image);}return Image;
}
//Mat转Hobject
Hobject Mat2Hobject(Mat& image)
{Hobject Hobj = Hobject();int hgt = image.rows;int wid = image.cols;int i;if (image.type() == CV_8UC3){vector<Mat> imgchannel;split(image, imgchannel);Mat imgB = imgchannel[0];Mat imgG = imgchannel[1];Mat imgR = imgchannel[2];uchar* dataR = new uchar[hgt*wid];uchar* dataG = new uchar[hgt*wid];uchar* dataB = new uchar[hgt*wid];for (i = 0; i < hgt; i++){memcpy(dataR + wid*i, imgR.data + imgR.step*i, wid);memcpy(dataG + wid*i, imgG.data + imgG.step*i, wid);memcpy(dataB + wid*i, imgB.data + imgB.step*i, wid);}gen_image3(&Hobj, "byte", wid, hgt, (Hlong)dataR, (Hlong)dataG, (Hlong)dataB);delete[]dataR;delete[]dataG;delete[]dataB;dataR = NULL;dataG = NULL;dataB = NULL;}else if (image.type() == CV_8UC1){uchar* data = new uchar[hgt*wid];for (i = 0; i < hgt; i++)memcpy(data + wid*i, image.data + image.step*i, wid);gen_image1(&Hobj, "byte", wid, hgt, (Hlong)data);delete[] data;data = NULL;}return Hobj;
}

Mat转QImage

QImage cvMat2QImage(const cv::Mat &mat)
{switch ( mat.type() ){// 8-bit  4 channelcase CV_8UC4:{QImage image( (const uchar*)mat.data, mat.cols, mat.rows, static_cast<int>(mat.step), QImage::Format_RGB32 );return image;}// 8-bit  3 channelcase CV_8UC3:{QImage image( (const uchar*)mat.data, mat.cols, mat.rows, static_cast<int>(mat.step), QImage::Format_RGB888 );return image.rgbSwapped();}// 8-bit  1 channelcase CV_8UC1:{static QVector<QRgb>  sColorTable;// only create our color table onceif ( sColorTable.isEmpty() ){sColorTable.resize( 256 );for ( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i ){sColorTable[i] = qRgb( i, i, i );}}QImage image( (const uchar*)mat.data, mat.cols, mat.rows, static_cast<int>(mat.step), QImage::Format_Indexed8 );image.setColorTable( sColorTable );return image;}default:qDebug("Image format is not supported: depth=%d and %d channels\n", mat.depth(), mat.channels());qWarning() << "cvMatToQImage - cv::Mat image type not handled in switch:" << mat.type();break;}return QImage();
}

QImage转Mat

Mat QImage2Mat(QImage image)
{Mat cvMat;qDebug()<<image.format();switch(image.format()){case QImage::Format_ARGB32:case QImage::Format_RGB32:case QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied:cvMat = cv::Mat(image.height(), image.width(), CV_8UC4, (void*)image.bits(), image.bytesPerLine());break;case QImage::Format_RGB888:cvMat = cv::Mat(image.height(), image.width(), CV_8UC3, (void*)image.bits(), image.bytesPerLine());cv::cvtColor(cvMat, cvMat, CV_BGR2RGB);break;case QImage::Format_Indexed8:cvMat = cv::Mat(image.height(), image.width(), CV_8UC1, (void*)image.bits(), image.bytesPerLine());break;case QImage::Format_Grayscale8:cvMat = cv::Mat(image.height(), image.width(), CV_8UC1, (void*)image.bits(), image.bytesPerLine());break;}return cvMat;
}

二、图像显示方法

目前图像显示使用三种方法，第一种是QImage显示在Qlabel上，第二种方法是使用QGraphicsView来显示QImage，第三种方法是将Halcon的窗口贴在QLabel上，在Halcon的窗口上显示图像。

1.QLabel显示QPixmap图像

    qDebug()<<"显示图像";QPixmap m_pix = QPixmap::fromImage(img);m_pix = m_pix.scaled(ui->lbl_PicShow->size(), Qt::KeepAspectRatio);ui->lbl_PicShow->setPixmap(m_pix);

2.QGraphicsView显示QPixmap

首先用QGraphics View控件，创建QGraphicsScene背景和QGraphicsPixmapItem组件

    m_scene = new QGraphicsScene();ImageItem = new QGraphicsPixmapItem();ImageItem->setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable,false);m_scene->addItem(ImageItem);ui->PicShow->setScene(m_scene);QPixmap m_pix = QPixmap::fromImage(Qimg);m_pix = m_pix.scaled(ui->PicShow->size(), Qt::KeepAspectRatio);ImageItem->setPixmap(m_pix);

3.Halcon窗口显示HObject图像

首先要在控件上创建Halcon窗口句柄

    OpenWindow(0,0,ui->PicShow->width(),ui->PicShow->height(),m_hLabelID,"visible","",&m_hHalconID);GetImageSize(CurTestImg,&hv_Width,&hv_Height);SetPart(m_hHalconID, 0, 0, hv_Height-1, hv_Width-1);dispOnWindow(CurTestImg,m_hHalconID);

总结

目前图像格式主要是QImage，主要用于Qt的显示和图像操作，HObject是Halcon的格式，图像处理要使用Halcon算法库的，要将图像转成HObject后进行图像处理运算，Mat是OpenCV的图像格式，调用OpenCV的图像算法库，要转换成对应的Mat格式。显示方法上第二种具有图层的概念，可以针对需要对显示的图像和文字进行拖动隐藏等操作。

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