今天，启动MySQL服务器失败，如下所示：

[root@spark01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting mysqld (via systemctl): Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

[FAILED]

根据提示，分别使用systemctl status mysqld.service和journalctl -xe查看服务启动失败的原因

[root@spark01 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service

?.mysqld.service - SYSV: MySQL database server.

Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld)

Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2016-01-20 18:26:57 CST; 40s ago

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

Process: 2979 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server....

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: MySQL Daemon failed to start.

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: Starting mysqld: [FAILED]

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.

[root@spark01 ~]# journalctl -xe

--

-- Unit session-2.scope has begun starting up.

Jan 20 18:26:48 spark01 sshd[2916]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user spark by (uid=0)

Jan 20 18:26:52 spark01 su[2944]: (to root) spark on pts/1

Jan 20 18:26:52 spark01 su[2944]: pam_unix(su-l:session): session opened for user root by spark(uid=1000)

Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 polkitd[909]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2974:117137 (system bus name :1.25

Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server....

-- Subject: Unit mysqld.service has begun start-up

-- Defined-By: systemd

-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel

--

-- Unit mysqld.service has begun starting up.

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: MySQL Daemon failed to start.

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: Starting mysqld: [FAILED]

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..

-- Subject: Unit mysqld.service has failed

-- Defined-By: systemd

-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel

--

-- Unit mysqld.service has failed.

--

-- The result is failed.

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.

Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 polkitd[909]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2974:117137 (system bus name :1.

但，可惜的时，这些信息并不能提供服务启动失败的真正原因。

这时候，不妨打开MySQL的告警日志，毕竟，只要MySQL服务启动，告警日志都会有输出信息的，果然

2016-01-20T10:00:19.935771Z 0 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)

2016-01-20T10:00:19.935795Z 0 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: No such file or directory

160120 18:00:20 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

MySQL服务在启动的时候，不能创建pid文件。

在终端看一下该目录是否存在，果然，不存在。

于是，创建了/var/run/mysqld/目录，重启MySQL服务

[root@spark01 ~]# mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld/

[root@spark01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting mysqld (via systemctl): Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

[FAILED]

依旧报错，重新查看告警日志，有以下输出

2016-01-20T10:28:37.183387Z 0 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)

2016-01-20T10:28:37.183431Z 0 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: Permission denied

160120 18:28:37 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

160120 18:32:06 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql

原来，/var/run/mysqld/的属主和属组还是root，mysql并不能在其中创建文件，后修改该目录的属主和属组，启动OK。

[root@spark01 ~]# ls -ld /var/run/mysqld/

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 Jan 20 18:28 /var/run/mysqld/

[root@spark01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld/

[root@spark01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]

总结：

以前在玩Kubernetes的时候，常遇到启动失败的情况，根据systemctl的提示，通过systemctl status mysqld.service和journalctl -xe命令查看服务启动失败的原因往往并不如人意，反而给了一种错误的暗示，以为这个跟系统有关。其实，通过查看服务的日志，往往更能清晰的知道服务启动失败的原因。