流媒体服务器FFMPEG转码流摄像头取流

环境准备

下载FFMPEG后，配置环境变量即可。校验命令：ffmpeg -version
下载ngxin-gryphon，再下载nginx-rpst-module-master，将目录移动到ngxin-gryphon目录下，改名为nginx-rtmp-module，最后配置一下文件nginx-win.conf（配置放在下方）
vlc播放器：用于播放网络串流或推流。
EasyDarwin：下载打开exe即可。用于开启本地rtsp端口。

配置文件

nginx-win.conf


#user  nobody;
# multiple workers works !
worker_processes  2;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  8192;# max value 32768, nginx recycling connections+registry optimization = #   this.value * 20 = max concurrent connections currently tested with one worker#   C1000K should be possible depending there is enough ram/cpu power# multi_accept on;
}rtmp {server {listen 1935;chunk_size 4096;application live { #rtmp地址live on;}application hls { #如果是rtmp流这个可以不要live on; # 开启hls切片hls on;# m3u8地址hls_path html/hls;# 一个切片多少秒hls_fragment 8s;# on_play http://localhost:8081/auth; #权限钩子，该自定义接口返回true才推流# on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth;  #权限钩子，该自定义接口返回true才推流# on_done http://localhost:8081/auth;  #权限钩子，该自定义接口返回true才推流}}
}http {#include      /nginx/conf/naxsi_core.rules;include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr:$remote_port - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;#     # loadbalancing PHP
#     upstream myLoadBalancer {
#         server 127.0.0.1:9001 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9002 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9003 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9004 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9005 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9006 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9007 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9008 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9009 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9010 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         least_conn;
#     }sendfile        off;#tcp_nopush     on;server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;## Start: Timeouts ##client_body_timeout   10;client_header_timeout 10;keepalive_timeout     30;send_timeout          10;keepalive_requests    10;
## End: Timeouts ###gzip  on;# 配置流媒体server {listen       2025;server_name  localhost;location /stat {rtmp_stat all;rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;}location /stat.xsl {root nginx-rtmp-module/;}location /control {rtmp_control all;}location /hls { #如果是rtmp流，这个配置可以不要# Serve HLS fragmentstypes {application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;video/mp2t ts;}expires -1;add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;}#charset koi8-r;#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;## Caching Static Files, put before first location#location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {#    expires 14d;#    add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;#}# For Naxsi remove the single # line for learn mode, or the ## lines for full WAF modelocation / {#include    /nginx/conf/mysite.rules; # see also http block naxsi include line##SecRulesEnabled;##DeniedUrl "/RequestDenied";##CheckRule "$SQL >= 8" BLOCK;##CheckRule "$RFI >= 8" BLOCK;##CheckRule "$TRAVERSAL >= 4" BLOCK;##CheckRule "$XSS >= 8" BLOCK;root   html;index  index.html index.htm;}# For Naxsi remove the ## lines for full WAF mode, redirect location block used by naxsi##location /RequestDenied {##    return 412;##}## Lua examples !
#         location /robots.txt {
#           rewrite_by_lua '
#             if ngx.var.http_host ~= "localhost" then
#               return ngx.exec("/robots_disallow.txt");
#             end
#           ';
#         }#error_page  404              /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root   html;}# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80##location ~ \.php$ {#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;#}# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000##location ~ \.php$ {#    root           html;#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; # single backend process#    fastcgi_pass   myLoadBalancer; # or multiple, see example above#    fastcgi_index  index.php;#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;#    include        fastcgi_params;#}# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root# concurs with nginx's one##location ~ /\.ht {#    deny  all;#}}# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration##server {#    listen       8000;#    listen       somename:8080;#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}# HTTPS server##server {#    listen       443 ssl spdy;#    server_name  localhost;#    ssl                  on;#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;#    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;#    ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:ECDH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS:!EXP:!ADH:!LOW:!MEDIUM;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}}

启动关闭nginx

启动 nginx.exe -c conf/nginx-win.conf
关闭 nginx -s stop -c conf/nginx-win.conf

推流，拉流，播放

有摄像头的可以按照摄像头的操作地址，获取摄像头的rtsp流，比如大华摄像头的格式就是：

rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0

如果没有流，我们可以用ffmpeg将本地视频推成rtsp流，模仿摄像头的流进行测试。

推流

FFMPEG推流，需要下载一个EasyDarwin软件，开启本地的554端口，要不然是推流不成功的。
启动EasyDarwin后，打开cmd，执行命令：

ffmpeg -re -i ./333.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f rtsp rtsp://localhost:554/aaa

将本地的333.MP4视频推到本地的554端口上，生成rtsp流。我们拿到流地址：

rtsp://localhost:554/aaa
如果是摄像头，则直接通电，按照摄像头格式获取摄像头的流地址，大华摄像头如下取流：
rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0

FFMPEG 部分命令

-re 原帧率
-vcodec 视频编码
-acodec 音频编码
-f flv 以flv容器
-ac 音频通道
-ar 音频采样率
-strict -2 实验参数，配合acc编码默认安装的ffmpeg有aac编码，使用它就无须安装别的音频编码库
-s: scale 分辨率
-preset:v 编码质量ultrafast,superfast, veryfast, faster, fast, medium, slow, slower, veryslow
-analyzeduration 1000000 分析时间
-tune:v zerolatency 零延时编码，画面不稳，容易中断
-sc_threshold 499 场景更改监测，值越高画面越流畅
-fflags nobuffer 不要缓冲

转流（此处介绍rtmp和http格式的）

rtmp:

流推好后，可以用vlc工具测试一下，能不能播放流。vlc可以播放rtsp还有rtmp格式的流（网上有播放教程，此处省略）。
流能正常播放，说明流是可以获取到的。下一步，要将rtsp流转成rtmp流，执行ffmpeg命令，将rtsp流转成rtmp流。
软转：使用cpu转码，依赖于cpu和内存，消耗资源很大，消耗率差不多80%。

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-fflags nobuffer -sc_threshold 499 -tune:v zerolatency -vcodec libx264 -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 44100 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 2304x1296 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/live/dahua”

硬转：使用GPU转码，用显卡的处理器，cpu和内存降低很多，大概消耗10%

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-codec:v h264_qsv -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 8000 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 1280x720 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/live/dahua”

其中dahua是自定义的名称，将流转到ngxin流媒体的1935端口的live服务下。
这个时候我们就可以用vlc或者ffmpeg命令播放这个流，如果播放成功，前端就可以调用这个地址进行播放（前端页面播放rtmp需要有flash插件环境）。

ffplay “rtmp://localhost:1935/live/dahua live=1”

http

使用http方式的流就不再需要ngxin_gryphon了，需要另外一个http相关的ngxin流媒体nginx-flv，可以从网上下载nginx-flv-file-master的包，然后启动该ngxin。
nginx.conf：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;#gzip  on;server {listen       2025;location /live {flv_live on;chunked_transfer_encoding on;add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; #add additional HTTP headeradd_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; #add additional HTTP headeradd_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With;add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,OPTIONS;add_header 'Cache-Control' 'no-cache';}location /hls {      add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;types{    application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;    video/mp2t ts;    }    alias /test;    expires -1;    }location /stat {rtmp_stat all;rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;}location /stat.xsl {root html/nginx-http-flv-module/;}location /control {rtmp_control all;}location /rtmp-publisher {root html/nginx-http-flv-module/test;}server_name  localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;location / {root html/nginx-http-flv-module/test/www;index  index.html index.htm;}location  ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|js|css)$ {root html/nginx-http-flv-module/test/www/;}#error_page  404              /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root   html;}# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80##location ~ \.php$ {#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;#}# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000##location ~ \.php$ {#    root           html;#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;#    fastcgi_index  index.php;#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;#    include        fastcgi_params;#}# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root# concurs with nginx's one##location ~ /\.ht {#    deny  all;#}}# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration##server {#    listen       8000;#    listen       somename:8080;#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}# HTTPS server##server {#    listen       443 ssl;#    server_name  localhost;#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;#    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;#    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}}rtmp {  server {  listen 1935;  chunk_size 8000;  application liveapp { live on;# on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth;# on_publish_done http://localhost:8081/auth;}  }
}

启动后，和上面rtmp流步骤类似，执行转流命令即可：
软转：

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-fflags nobuffer -sc_threshold 499 -tune:v zerolatency -vcodec libx264 -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 44100 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 2304x1296 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/liveapp/dahua”

硬转：

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-codec:v h264_qsv -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 8000 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 1280x720 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/liveapp/dahua”

转完后，可以通过nginx的代理配置，拿到http形式的流，如:

http://localhost:2025/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=dahua

补充：硬转的方式里面的配置-codec:v h264_qsv，是制定显卡的型号，如果是inter类型的显卡，就是qsv。amd和英伟达的是另外两种格式，网上搜一下就有。

总结

自己搭建流媒体需要很高配置，要不然很吃资源，具体情况还要具体分析，不能确定需要多大的资源，也不是专门搞音视频方面的。只能利用现有工具进行操作。现在浏览器很多不支持flash了，所以rtmp这种的还是不够方便，用http格式的用html的播放标签就能播放，比较方便。我机器配置转完后延时3s左右，如果ffmpeg命令不带上面的参数优化，延时是5-9秒，上面的-fflags nobuffer -sc_threshold 499 -tune:v zerolatency都是降低延时用的。但是好像只限于软转的形式，硬转不需要带这些参数，延时差不多。
用vlc软件推流很容易断，我的机器过十秒左右就会断开，不知道为什么，开始我一直以为ffmpeg推流的命令有问题，后面才发现是vlc推流容易断，导致ffmpeg转流的时候就断了，所以我这里用ffmpeg命令去推流，是比较可靠的。