初识STM32---基于STM32的室内温湿度检测

一、项目介绍

本项目采用ARM结构中最为代表的Cortex-M4系列的芯片，选用STM32F407ZGT6开发板进行项目开发，选用的传感器为常见通用的DHT11温湿度传感器。传感器将采集到的数据传输到STM32（MCU）主控进行数据处理，最后通过串口打印出来。

二、前期准备

硬件：
1、STM32F407ZGT6
2、DHT11温湿度传感器

软件：

1 Keil5
官方下载链接如下：http://www.keil.com/demo/eval/arm.htm

2 STM32f407固件库
官方下载链接如下：http://www.keil.com/dd2/pack

3 STM32CudeMx
官方下载链接如下：http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259242

4 STM32CudeMx的f407软件包
官方下载链接如下：http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259243

三、硬件平台接线

DHT11-------- STM32
data -------- PG9
vcc---------- 5v
GND --------- GND

四、项目实施

本项目在安装好各大软件后，就可以开始做实验了，完成此实验需要以下几步：BSP工程项目创建、BSP工程项目开发。

4.1 BSP工程项目创建
1、打开STM32CudeMX软件，点击创建工程。

2、搜索STM32F407ZGT6，双击黄色区域

3、点击Categories——》System Core ——》GPIO，选择PF9和PF10，各自点击为GPIO_OutPut

4、对GPIO进行具体配置

5、配置RCC时钟

6、配置系统时钟

7、这里以串口1为例我们可以选择串口的模式(异步，同步，半双工) 串口接收中断
a）点击USATR1
b）设置MODE为异步通信(Asynchronous)
c）基础参数：波特率为115200 Bits/s。传输数据长度为8 Bit。奇偶检验无，停止位1 接收和发送都使能
d）GPIO引脚设置 USART1_RX/USART_TX
e） NVIC Settings 一栏使能接收中断

8、配置STM32F407ZGT6的时钟树，由于是外部8M的晶振，所以得出一下的时钟树

a）选择外部时钟HSE 8MHz
b）PLL锁相环倍频168倍
c）系统时钟来源选择为PLL
d）设置APB1分频器为 /4

9、建立工程

4.2 BSP工程项目开发

1、用keil5打开此工程

2、点击option（锤子），然后进行主频配置，修改为8.0或者12.0，然后重新打开该工程进行检查，最后进行编译。

3、在keil5上面创建SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹

4、回到本人创建的test工程目录，添加这两个文件夹，本人已经整理好了链接（STM32课程资料\库文件），复制库文件里面SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹到test工程目录下。

5、回到keil5里面，继续点击那个文件管理，然后根据对应的文件夹添加文件，一个都不要漏。

注：HARDWAVE也是这样添加工程文件进去。

6、配置头文件路径，选择为第4步已经复制的两个文件夹（SYSTEM和HARDWAVE）

完成图如下：

7、编程开发
main.c

#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "dht11.h"void SystemClock_Config(void);int main(void)
{u8 t=0;                u8 temperature;        u8 humidity; int times;HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */delay_init(168);                            SystemClock_Config();DHT11_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);while (1){if(t%10==0)//?100ms????{          DHT11_Read_Data(&temperature,&humidity);       printf("2018A14122 WuXiaoXian\r\n");printf("Tem:%d\r\n",temperature);printf("Hum:%d\r\n",humidity);   printf("\r\n\n"); }                  delay_ms(100);t++;  }
}
/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

uart.c

#include "usart.h"
#include "stdio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
uint16_t USART_RX_STA=0; //??????
uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????/* USER CODE END 0 */UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USART1 init function */
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0XFFFF);return ch;}void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{if(huart->Instance==USART1)//?????1{if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//?????{if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)   //????0x0d{if(aRxBuffer[0]!= 0x0a){USART_RX_STA=0;         //????,????}         else{USART_RX_STA|=0x8000;  //?????}}else //????0x0D{if(aRxBuffer[0] == 0x0d){   USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;}else{USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0x3FFF]=aRxBuffer[0];USART_RX_STA++;if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1)){USART_RX_STA=0;    //??????,??????}}}}}}void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */}void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USART1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USART1 interrupt Init */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 0, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */}
}void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USART1 interrupt Deinit */HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

uart.h

/********************************************************************************* @file    usart.h* @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for*          the usart.c file******************************************************************************* @attention** <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.</center></h2>** This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:*                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause********************************************************************************/
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __USART_H__
#define __USART_H__#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#define USART_REC_LEN 500
#define   RXBUFFERSIZE  1
extern uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
extern uint16_t USART_RX_STA;
extern UART_HandleTypeDef UART1_Handler; //UART??
extern uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????/* USER CODE END Includes */extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines *//* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes *//* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif#endif /* __USART_H__ *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

8、检查配置，编译下载

10、打开串口助手进行查看

五、项目总结

在此次实验中，按照教程，了解了建立工程的流程；虽然在实现过程中，报了很多环境的错误，对软件的版本、环境都有一定的要求，需要一定又一定的耐心。

参考博客：第一章：STM32+DHT11温湿度传感器