fabric使用配置文件configtx.yaml生成创世区块时遇到的坑

首先我的fabric版本是2.3.0，在参考冯翔老师的《区块链开发实战》之Hyperledger fabric关键技术这本书上的配置文件configtx.yaml生成创世区块时出现了很多问题。
书上的配置文件configtx.yaml内容为：

Profiles:TestTwoOrgsOrdererGenesis:Orderer:<<: *OrdererDefaultsOrganizations:- *OrdererOrgConsortiums:SampleConsortium:Organizations:- *Org1- *Org2TestTwoOrgsChannel:Consortium: SampleConsortiumApplication:<<: *ApplicationDefaultsOrganizations:- *Org1- *Org2
Organizations:- &OrdererOrgName: OrdererOrgID: OrdererMSPMSPDir: crypto-config/ordererOrganizations/example.com/msp- &Org1Name: Org1MSPID: Org1MSPMSPDir: crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/mspAnchorPeers:- Host: peer0.org1.example.comPort: 7051- &Org2Name: Org2MSPID: Org2MSPMSPDir: crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/mspAnchorPeers:- Host: peer0.org2.example.comPort: 7051
Orderer: &OrdererDefaultsOrdererType: soloAddresses:- orderer.example.com:7050BatchTimeout: 2sBatchSize:MaxMessageCount: 10AbsoluteMaxBytes: 99 MBPreferredMaxBytes: 512 KBKafka:Brokers:- 127.0.0.1:9092Organizations:
Application: &ApplicationDefaultsOrganizations:

上述的配置文件在fabric2.3.0中出现了以下问题：

`Error 1：Error reading configuration: While parsing config: yaml: unknown anchor 'OrdererDefaults' referenced [recovered]`

因为使用的是最新版本，与书本上的版本不同，而最新版本在结构上做了一些改动。在使用‘*’之前，一定要有‘&’定义过了。所以需要把Profiles的内容移到最后。

`Error 2：Error reading configuration: yaml: line 50: did not find expected key`

这个是空格出了问题，在提示的行号附近检查空格是否出错。.yaml文件不能使用tab键。

`Error 3：Error reading configuration: yaml: map merge requires map or sequence of maps as the value`

这个错误说的是什么映射的问题。我实在不知道我的configtx.yaml到底是哪里写错了，因为我刚开始是手打的，就有很多空格问题啊等等。这个问题在StackOverflow上有解答：
就是本文Error 1里提到的，然而没有用。
最后是直接复制可以用的configtx.yaml，在上面进行修改，切记不要修改空格。就没有这些问题了。

`Error 4：Error on outputBlock: could not create bootstrapper: could not create channel group: error adding policies to channel group: no policies defined`

这个错误也是因为新版本！在configtx.yaml中要有相对应的policies才行。

我根据fabric-samples里面的配置文件修改了configtx.yaml。
修正后的configtx.yaml：

Organizations:- &OrdererOrgName: OrdererOrgID: OrdererMSPMSPDir: ../fabricconfig/crypto-config/ordererOrganizations/example.com/mspPolicies:Readers:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('OrdererMSP.member')"Writers:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('OrdererMSP.member')"Admins:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('OrdererMSP.admin')"Endorsement:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('OrdererMSP.member')"- &Org1Name: Org1MSPID: Org1MSPMSPDir: ../fabricconfig/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/mspPolicies:Readers:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org1MSP.admin', 'Org1MSP.peer', 'Org1MSP.client')"Writers:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org1MSP.admin', 'Org1MSP.client')"Admins:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org1MSP.admin')"Endorsement:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org1MSP.peer')"AnchorPeers:- Host: peer0.org1.example.comPort: 7051- &Org2Name: Org2MSPID: Org2MSPMSPDir: ../fabricconfig/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/mspPolicies:Readers:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org2MSP.admin', 'Org2MSP.peer', 'Org2MSP.client')"Writers:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org2MSP.admin', 'Org2MSP.client')"Admins:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org2MSP.admin')"Endorsement:Type: SignatureRule: "OR('Org2MSP.peer')"AnchorPeers:- Host: peer0.org2.example.comPort: 7051
Capabilities:# Channel capabilities apply to both the orderers and the peers and must be# supported by both.# Set the value of the capability to true to require it.Channel: &ChannelCapabilities# V2.0 for Channel is a catchall flag for behavior which has been# determined to be desired for all orderers and peers running at the v2.0.0# level, but which would be incompatible with orderers and peers from# prior releases.# Prior to enabling V2.0 channel capabilities, ensure that all# orderers and peers on a channel are at v2.0.0 or later.V2_0: true# Orderer capabilities apply only to the orderers, and may be safely# used with prior release peers.# Set the value of the capability to true to require it.Orderer: &OrdererCapabilities# V1.1 for Orderer is a catchall flag for behavior which has been# determined to be desired for all orderers running at the v1.1.x# level, but which would be incompatible with orderers from prior releases.# Prior to enabling V2.0 orderer capabilities, ensure that all# orderers on a channel are at v2.0.0 or later.V2_0: true# Application capabilities apply only to the peer network, and may be safely# used with prior release orderers.# Set the value of the capability to true to require it.Application: &ApplicationCapabilities# V2.0 for Application enables the new non-backwards compatible# features and fixes of fabric v2.0.# Prior to enabling V2.0 orderer capabilities, ensure that all# orderers on a channel are at v2.0.0 or later.V2_0: trueApplication: &ApplicationDefaultsOrganizations:# Policies defines the set of policies at this level of the config tree# For Application policies, their canonical path is#   /Channel/Application/<PolicyName>Policies: &ApplicationDefaultPoliciesLifecycleEndorsement:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "MAJORITY Endorsement"Endorsement:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "MAJORITY Endorsement"Readers:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "ANY Readers"Writers:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "ANY Writers"Admins:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "MAJORITY Admins"# Capabilities describes the application level capabilities, see the# dedicated Capabilities section elsewhere in this file for a full# descriptionCapabilities:<<: *ApplicationCapabilitiesOrderer: &OrdererDefaultsOrdererType: soloAddresses:- orderer.example.com:7050BatchTimeout: 2sBatchSize:MaxMessageCount: 10AbsoluteMaxBytes: 99 MBPreferredMaxBytes: 512 KBKafka:Brokers:- 127.0.0.1:9092Organizations:# Policies defines the set of policies at this level of the config tree# For Orderer policies, their canonical path is#   /Channel/Orderer/<PolicyName>Policies:Readers:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "ANY Readers"Writers:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "ANY Writers"Admins:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "MAJORITY Admins"# BlockValidation specifies what signatures must be included in the block# from the orderer for the peer to validate it.BlockValidation:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "ANY Writers"# Capabilities describes the orderer level capabilities, see the# dedicated Capabilities section elsewhere in this file for a full# descriptionCapabilities:<<: *OrdererCapabilities################################################################################
#
#   CHANNEL
#
#   This section defines the values to encode into a config transaction or
#   genesis block for channel related parameters.
#
################################################################################
Channel: &ChannelDefaults# Policies defines the set of policies at this level of the config tree# For Channel policies, their canonical path is#   /Channel/<PolicyName>Policies:# Who may invoke the 'Deliver' APIReaders:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "ANY Readers"# Who may invoke the 'Broadcast' APIWriters:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "ANY Writers"# By default, who may modify elements at this config levelAdmins:Type: ImplicitMetaRule: "MAJORITY Admins"# Capabilities describes the channel level capabilities, see the# dedicated Capabilities section elsewhere in this file for a full# descriptionCapabilities:<<: *ChannelCapabilitiesProfiles:TestTwoOrgsOrdererGenesis:<<: *ChannelDefaultsOrderer:<<: *OrdererDefaultsOrganizations:- <<: *OrdererOrgConsortiums:SampleConsortium:Organizations:- <<: *Org1- <<: *Org2TestTwoOrgsChannel:<<: *ChannelDefaultsConsortium: SampleConsortiumApplication:<<: *ApplicationDefaultsOrganizations:- <<: *Org1- <<: *Org2

还有个需要注意的是MSPDir的值是相对路径。
成功生成创世区块：