本文主要介绍puppet的三种认证方式：自动注册、手动注册和预签名注册；master和agent的认证关系，是随着认证的复杂程度提升，安全性也会随之提高，下面就是每一种方式的示例解读。

一 手动注册

手动注册是由Agent端先发起证书申请请求，然后由Puppetserver端确认证书方可注册成功，这种注册方式安全系数中等，逐一注册（puppet cert --sign certnmame）在节点数量较大的情况下是比较麻烦的，效率也低，批量注册(puppet cert --sign --all)效率很高，一次性便可注册所有的Agent的请求，但是这种方式安全系数较低，因为错误的请求也会被注册上。

1、节点申请认证

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test

info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Caching certificate for ca
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): 69:D2:86:25:7F:00:RT:55:61:P9:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled

2、服务器端确定认证

[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list --all                                         #查看认证情况

"agent1_cert.puppet.com"  (69:D2:86:E4:7F:00:E0:55:61:19:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9) #未认证
+ "master.puppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8)

[root@master ~]# puppet cert --sign agent1_cert.puppet.com     #注册agent1

notice: Signed certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com #将请求的证书正式注册
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem' #删除请求

[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list --all                                 #再次查看认证情况

+ "agent1_cert.puppet.com"  (3E:46:4E:75:34:9A:5A:62:A6:3C:AE:BD:49:EE:C0:F5)
+ "master.puppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8)

[root@master ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/                         #另外一种查看认证的方式
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
├── ca
│   ├── ca_crl.pem
│   ├── ca_crt.pem
│   ├── ca_key.pem
│   ├── ca_pub.pem
│   ├── inventory.txt
│   ├── private
│   │   └── ca.pass
│   ├── requests
│   ├── serial
│   └── signed
│       ├── agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem  #已经注册成功
│       └── master.puppet.com.pem
├── certificate_requests
├── certs
│   ├── ca.pem
│   └── master.puppet.com.pem
├── crl.pem
├── private
├── private_keys
│   └── master.puppet.com.pem
└── public_keys
   └── master.puppet.com.pem

3、test模块测试

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test  #测试节点agent1
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1385309582'
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content: 
--- /etc/test    2016-12-13 07:18:52.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20161213-4571-1vqc18j-0    2016-12-13 02:51:47.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--                       --
+--------puppet test---------
+--                       --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]: Filebucketed /etc/test to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.40 seconds

二 自动注册

这种注册方式简单来讲是通过master端的ACL列表进行控制的，安全系统较低，也就是说符合预先定义的ACL列表中的所有节点请求不需要确认都会被自动注册上，也就是说你只需要知道ACL列表要求，其次能和Master端通信便可轻易注册成功。当然，它的最大优点就是效率非常高。

1、清除Master端已经注册的agent1的证书

[root@master ~]# puppet cert --clean agent1_cert.puppet.com

notice: Revoked certificate with serial 3
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'

[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list  --all             #agent1证书已经删除
+ "agent2_cert.puppet.com"      
+ "agent3_cert.puppet.com"       
+ "master.puppet.com"      
+ "master_cert.puppet.com" )

2、在agent1端删除注册过的证书

[root@agent1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/puppet/ssl/*

3、在master端编写ACL列表

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/puppet/autosign.conf    
*.puppet.com
[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/master restart
Stopping master:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting master:                                     [  OK  ]
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list  --all

4、自动注册

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test #申请证书
info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Caching certificate for ca
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): ED:C9:C7:DF:F1:0E:53:1C:D3:73:5D:B7:D3:94:1F:60
info: Caching certificate for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Caching certificate_revocation_list for ca
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394359075'
notice: Finished catalog run in 1.39 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/test
--                       --
--------puppet test---------
--                       --

5、服务器端查看

[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list  --all      #查看agent已经自动注册成功

+ "agent1_cert.puppet.com"       
+ "agent2_cert.puppet.com"      
+ "agent3_cert.puppet.com"      
+ "master.puppet.com"     
+ "master_cert.puppet.com" 

三 预签名认证

预签名注册是在agent端未提出申请的情况下，预先在master端生成agent端的证书，然后复制到节点对应的目录下即可注册成功，这种方式安全系数最高，但是操作麻烦，需要提前预知所有节点服务器的certname名称，其次需要将生成的证书逐步copy到所有节点上去。不过，如果你的系统中安装了kickstart或者cobbler这样的自动化工具，倒是可以将证书部分转换成脚本集成到统一自动化部署中 注：生产环境中建议此方式进行注册，既安全又可靠！

1、清除master端已经注册的agent1的证书

[root@master ~]# puppet cert --clean agent1_cert.puppet.com
notice: Revoked certificate with serial 3
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'

2、在agent1端删除注册的所有信息，包括证书

[root@agent1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/puppet/*

3、删除自动注册ACL列表

[root@master ~]# mv /etc/puppet/autosign.conf{,.bak}

4、puppetserver端预先生成agent1证书

[root@master ~]# puppetca --generate agent1_cert.puppet.com
notice: agent1_cert.puppet.com has a waiting certificate request
notice: Signed certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certificate_requests/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'

5、节点生成目录结构

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test --server=abc.com     #随便指定server端，生成目录结构
info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.puppet.com
err: Could not request certificate: getaddrinfo: Temporary failure in name resolution
Exiting; failed to retrieve certificate and waitforcert is disabled

[root@agent1 ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
|-- certificate_requests
|-- certs
|-- private
|-- private_keys
|   `-- agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem
`-- public_keys
   `-- agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem

6、master端copy证书到agent1上

[root@master ~]# scp /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem  agent1.puppet.com:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/ 
agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem                                                         100% 3243     3.2KB/s   00:00    
[root@master ~]# scp /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem  agent1.puppet.com:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/
agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem                                                         100% 1944     1.9KB/s   00:00    
[root@master ~]# scp /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem  agent1.puppet.com:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/
ca.pem                                                                                 100% 1915     1.9KB/s   00:00

7、agent1测试

[root@agent1 ~]# >/etc/test 
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test
info: Caching certificate_revocation_list for ca
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394359075'
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content: 
--- /etc/test    2016-12-13 18:10:10.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20161213-4071-1gypudk-0    2016-12-13 18:10:17.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--                       --
+--------puppet test---------
+--                       --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]: Filebucketed /etc/test to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
info: Creating state file /var/lib/puppet/state/state.yaml
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.41 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/test 
--                       --
--------puppet test---------
--                       --

四 常见错误情况及解决办法

1.  连接master的时候出现如下报错：

dnsdomainname: Unknown host

解决办法：检查机器主机名的设置，以及是否添加进hosts。

2.   连接master的时候出现如下报错：

err: Could not request certificate: getaddrinfo: Name or service not known

解决办法：服务器端没有配置hosts域名绑定，在hosts中添加。

3.  连接master的时候出现如下报错：

warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session

解决办法：服务端还没有返回签发证书，使用puppet cert --list查看

4.  连接master的时候出现如下报错：

err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: certificate verify failed

解决办法：客户端和服务器端时间不同步，用ntpdate命令同步时间

5. Error: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: Could not parse for environment production: Syntax error at ';'; expected '}' at /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp:3 on node server-02
解决办法：修改site.pp ，脚本中出现语法错误

6. Error: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib]: Could not evaluate: Could not retrieve information from environment production source(s) puppet://server-01/plugins

解决办法：分别在客户端和服务器修改puppet.conf文件，添加“pluginsync=false"，并分别重启服务

7. 执行 puppet agent --test --server=server-01 提示：
Notice: Run of Puppet configuration client already in progress; skipping (/var/lib/puppet/state/agent_catalog_run.lock exists)
解决办法：出现此提示为 配置文件不正确，或者服务器端的.pp 文件的语法错误，请去修改.pp 文件

8. Error: Could not request certificate: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read server certificate B: certificate verify failed: [self signed certificate in certificate chain for /CN=Puppet CA: server-01]
解决办法：删除客户端证书、删除puppetmaster上的客户端证书、客户端重新生成证书请求、puppetmaster重新签名
1）、rm /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ 证书
2）、puppet cert clean 客户端主机名
3）、puppet agent --test --server puppetmaster
4）、puppet cert --sign 客户端主机名

9.   certificate verify failed: [CRL is not yet valid for /CN=server.minunix.com]
解决方法：master和agent 把时间同步下就OK 了
ntpdate -u 210.72.145.44

10. Error: Host server01 failed: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: server01(172.16.8.250) access to /run/server01 [save] authenticated at :119
在puppet 服务端尝试推送数据来更新客户端的时候提示这样的问题；
解决办法：
# vim /etc/puppet/auth.conf
path /
auth any
allow *

本文转自super李导51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/superleedo/1900417 ，如需转载请自行联系原作者