移动应用程序开发

Lately, app stores have witnessed a meteoric rise in the number of apps available to them. Because the competition is so fierce, it is exceedingly important to deploy an acknowledged mobile app development process so as to intensify your odds of delivering an endearing product. Let’s have a look at the different stages involved in the mobile app development lifecycle in detail.

最近，应用程序商店见证了可用的应用程序数量急剧增加。 由于竞争如此激烈，因此部署公认的移动应用程序开发流程以增加交付精美产品的几率非常重要。 让我们详细了解移动应用程序开发生命周期所涉及的不同阶段。

1）发现，市场研究与分析 (1) Discovery, Market Research & Analysis)

This is the first and the most significant phase as it will lay down the requisite groundwork for all the following stages. Being an app developer, you need to gather as much information about your client’s business as possible and understand his expectations from the app.

这是第一个也是最重要的阶段，因为它将为随后的所有阶段奠定必要的基础。 作为应用程序开发人员，您需要收集尽可能多的有关客户业务的信息，并了解其对应用程序的期望。

This step calls for substantial brainstorming as well as addressing some chief questions like:

此步骤需要大量的头脑风暴，并解决一些主要问题，例如：

What is the prime aim of your app?

您的应用程序的主要目标是什么？

Are you developing an app to augment brand connectivity? Are you looking to improve your customer service? Or are you looking to enhance real-time cooperation amongst your workforce? Well, it is immensely important to clearly define the purpose of your app and know how your users will benefit from it. Make sure there is adequate clarity regarding the list of tasks you want your users to perform with your app.

您是否正在开发应用程序以增强品牌连接性？ 您是否要改善客户服务？ 还是您希望增强员工之间的实时合作？ 嗯，明确定义应用程序的用途并了解用户将如何从中受益至关重要。 确保要让用户使用您的应用执行的任务列表足够清晰。

Who are your target app users?

您的目标应用程序用户是谁？

Understanding the demographics of your target app users is highly significant in order to formulate a suitable app design, features, and functionalities. It is only after assessing the precise requirements of your target users can you develop a robust app prototype that matches your client’s vision.

为了制定合适的应用程序设计，功能和功能，了解目标应用程序用户的受众特征非常重要。 只有评估了目标用户的确切要求之后，您才能开发出符合客户需求的强大应用原型。

Developing a Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

开发最低可行产品（MVP）

After conducting extensive research and brushing up on your concept, you and your client will come up with a broad list of features that should be included in your app. However, it is crucial to understand that all these features cannot be integrated with the primary version of your app and there should be certain features that you can save for app upgrades.

在进行了广泛的研究并弄清您的概念后，您和您的客户将提出应包含在您的应用程序中的广泛功能列表。 但是，至关重要的是要了解所有这些功能都不能与您的应用程序的主版本集成在一起，并且应该保存某些功能以用于应用程序升级。

So, settle for the minimum set of features that bring out the prime functionality of your app. Remember, simplicity is the key to developing a triumphant app. Your app should have the ability to realize its objectives with as few features as possible.

因此，请满足能带出应用程序主要功能的最少功能集。 请记住，简单性是开发出色应用程序的关键。 您的应用应该能够以尽可能少的功能实现其目标。

2）概念化 (2) Conceptualization)

This is the key phase of the entire app development process. A failure to properly conceptualize your app idea can cause the entire development process to be in vain.

这是整个应用程序开发过程的关键阶段。 未能正确概念化您的应用创意可能会导致整个开发过程徒劳无功。

You need to come up with a whimsical app concept that arouses interest among your target users. Have a look at the top grossing apps on Google Play and Apple Store in order to pinpoint the prevailing trends that are creating a buzz among the audiences. Do not imitate existing apps but draw positive inspiration from them. Apprehend what these apps are offering to their users in terms of design and functionality to come up with your own ingenious ideas.

您需要提出一个异想天开的应用程序概念，以引起目标用户的兴趣。 查看Google Play和Apple Store上收入最高的应用，以查明在受众中引起轰动的流行趋势。 不要模仿现有的应用程序，而应从中汲取积极的灵感。 了解这些应用程序在设计和功能方面向用户提供的内容，以提出您自己的独到创意。

Additionally, you need to address the following questions to powerfully conceptualize your idea.

此外，您需要解决以下问题以有效地构思您的想法。

Edge over your Competition

超越竞争

What special functionalities does your app offer to give it a competitive advantage?

您的应用程序提供哪些特殊功能以使其具有竞争优势？

If there are a plethora of similar apps available in the app stores, then there has to be a strong reason for the users to download your app. Identify your offering’s differentiating qualities and focus on making your concept more unique and pioneering.

如果应用程序商店中有大量类似的应用程序可用，则用户必须有充分的理由下载您的应用程序。 确定您的产品与众不同的品质，并专注于使您的概念更加独特和开拓。

Alignment with Business Objectives

与业务目标保持一致

Your app concept should be well-aligned with the core objectives of your client’s business. A mobile app is an extension of your business that always reminds users about your offerings. Therefore, make sure that it is an exemplification of the best that your business has to offer.

您的应用概念应与客户业务的核心目标保持一致。 移动应用程序是您业务的扩展，始终提醒用户有关您的产品的信息。 因此，请确保这是您的业务所能提供的最好的例证。

Customer Centric Concept

以客户为中心的概念

Make sure that your app concept is driven to satisfy the widest customer segment. Since you have already defined your target users, try to devise features that match their needs and preferences.

确保驱动您的应用程序概念来满足最广泛的客户群。 由于已经定义了目标用户，因此请尝试设计符合其需求和偏好的功能。

Easily Executable Concept

易于执行的概念

So you now have a concept that you're pretty confident about. But consider these points;

因此，您现在有了一个非常有信心的概念。 但是请考虑以下几点；

• Will you be able to do proper justice with the execution part?您能对执行部分进行适当的审判吗？
• Is the mobile platform that you have chosen appropriately for the kind of functionality you wish to incorporate?您为要整合的功能选择了合适的移动平台吗？
• Do you have adequate access to all the adjuvant technologies required to carry out your app execution?您是否有足够的权限来执行应用程序执行所需的所有辅助技术？

Suitable app execution is as important as having a proficient app idea, if not more

适当的应用执行与拥有熟练的应用创意同样重要，甚至更多

3）设计 (3) Design)

This is the stage when you begin working on the look and feel of your app. By now, you have a fairly good idea about which features will be integrated into your app design, and so, its time to begin drafting your app.

这是您开始研究应用外观的阶段。 到目前为止，您已经对将哪些功能集成到应用程序设计中，以及现在该开始编写应用程序的时间有了一个很好的了解。

You can sketch the different screens your users will navigate through in order to perform a specific function. You can also map out the various user journeys across the app in precise detail to better understand the user experience.

您可以草绘用户将浏览的不同屏幕，以执行特定功能。 您还可以精确地绘制整个应用程序的各种用户历程，以更好地了解用户体验。

Furthermore, as you create the different user journeys, ask yourself the following:

此外，在创建不同的用户旅程时，请问自己以下问题：

• In what context does a user open/operate your app?用户在什么情况下可以打开/操作您的应用？
• How much time and hits does it take for the user to create his profile?用户创建个人资料需要多少时间和点击次数？
• How can a user find out new content on your app?用户如何在您的应用程序中发现新内容？

Once you gathered all the necessary information, it is time to create wireframes of your various app screens. You can make use of an adept wireframing tool known as Balsamiq.

一旦收集了所有必要的信息，就可以创建各种应用程序屏幕的线框了。 您可以使用称为Balsamiq的熟练线框图工具。

While creating wireframes, keep these following points in mind:

创建线框时，请牢记以下几点：

• Develop different screen layouts with an eye to detail.着眼细节，开发不同的屏幕布局。
• Include buttons, icons and other visual elements so that the app designers have a meticulous framework to adhere to.包括按钮，图标和其他可视元素，以便应用程序设计人员可以遵循一个细致的框架。
• Observe unique design placements for each platform. However, at the same time, do not move away from basic concords such as the size and placement of back and skip buttons, etc.观察每个平台的独特设计位置。 但是，与此同时，请勿远离基本协议，例如后退和跳过按钮的大小和位置等。
• Try to innovate by developing numerous variations of the same screen by experimenting with the placement of different visual elements. This will help in facilitating a better and improved user experience.通过尝试不同视觉元素的放置来开发同一个屏幕的众多变体来尝试进行创新。 这将有助于促进更好和改善的用户体验。

Once you have created an app wireframe, it is easy to understand the backend which will be needed to sustain your app functionality. You can decide if you will be able to host your app on an off the shelf mobile backend or if you need to build a robust backend from scratch. Also, at this stage, you might have to amend your wireframe in case of any technical shortfalls.

一旦创建了应用程序线框，就很容易理解维持应用程序功能所需的后端。 您可以决定是否可以将应用程序托管在现成的移动后端上，还是需要从头开始构建强大的后端。 另外，在此阶段，如果出现技术缺陷，您可能必须修改线框。

Prototype Designing & Testing

原型设计与测试

After the wireframe has been finalized, it's time to build an interactive app prototype. A prototype will help in giving the client the first look at your app. Alternatively, you can gather a bunch of reliable people and ask them to interact with your prototype. This will help you gather useful insights into your app’s functionality and correct any shortfalls identified during the process.

线框完成后，该构建交互式应用程序原型了。 原型将帮助客户首先了解您的应用。 或者，您可以召集一堆可靠的人，并请他们与您的原型进行交互。 这将帮助您收集有关应用程序功能的有用见解，并纠正在此过程中发现的任何不足。

There is a multitude of online tools that can help you to create robust and reliable app prototypes sans any coding, for example, InVision, Marvel, Proto.io, and Origami.

在没有任何编码的情况下，有许多在线工具可以帮助您创建健壮可靠的应用程序原型，例如InVision，Marvel，Proto.io和Origami。

4）发展 (4) Development)

After you have created a prototype of your app, you need to build its backend by setting up storage solutions, servers, APIs, and databases.

创建应用程序原型后，需要通过设置存储解决方案，服务器，API和数据库来构建其后端。

Fundamentally, the app development will progress in three distinct stages:

从根本上讲，应用程序开发将在三个不同的阶段进行：

• Alpha Stage: By this stage, the app exhibits all core features and functionalities. However, it has not been tested and supplementary features are yet to be incorporated.Alpha阶段：在此阶段，该应用程序将展示所有核心功能。 但是，它尚未经过测试，补充功能尚未合并。
• Beta Stage: By this stage, almost all the features that were decided have been added to the app. It has gone through light testing to fix major bugs. This is the time when you can introduce the first version of your app to a select group of customers to identify any app insufficiencies.Beta阶段：在此阶段，几乎所有已确定的功能都已添加到应用程序中。 它已经通过了轻度测试来修复主要错误。 这是您可以将您的应用程序的第一个版本介绍给选定的一组客户的时间，以识别任何应用程序不足。
• Release Candidate Stage: By this stage, your app is free from all glitches and ready for its release.候选发布阶段：在此阶段，您的应用程序将不存在任何故障，并准备发布。

Following that, you need to create a developer’s account on the respective app store where you wish to distribute your app. This may take a couple of days. Also, take time to go through the comprehensive app store guidelines and understand their practices to ensure that your app does not get precluded during the review process.

然后，您需要在要分发应用程序的相应应用程序商店上创建开发者帐户。 这可能需要几天的时间。 另外，请花一些时间来阅读综合的应用商店指南，并了解其实践，以确保您的应用在审核过程中不会被排除在外。

5）应用测试 (5) App Testing)

At this stage, you have a fully-operational app with interactive graphics. It is time to put it to rigorous testing in a broad range of real-world scenarios to identify any technical faults.

在此阶段，您将拥有一个带有交互式图形的完全可运行的应用程序。 现在是时候在广泛的实际场景中进行严格的测试，以发现任何技术故障。

It is always a good idea to begin testing your app from the early stages only as this helps to keep the final costs considerably low. As you go up the development process, it becomes costlier to fix bugs.

从早期开始测试您的应用程序始终是一个好主意，因为这有助于使最终成本保持较低水平。 随着开发过程的进行，修复错误的成本变得更高。

In order to make your app 100% secure and glitch-free, you should perform the following types of testing:

为了使您的应用程序100％安全且无故障，您应该执行以下类型的测试：

• App Usability testing应用程序可用性测试
• Testing of compatibility with various devices测试与各种设备的兼容性
• Interface testing接口测试
• Performance testing性能测试
• Low-level resource testing低级资源测试
• Services testing服务测试
• Security testing安全测试

There are numerous online tools that you can use for testing your apps such as Testflight, Bugsee, and Appium.

您可以使用许多在线工具来测试应用程序，例如Testflight，Bugsee和Appium。

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6）最终发布 (6) Final Launch)

The success of your app depends upon this step in a large way. The basic aim of this stage is to introduce your app to a maximum possible number of customers and receive innumerable downloads in the very first go. This step calls for investing a lot of time and effort in order to ensure that your app gets into the hands of several users.

应用程序的成功很大程度上取决于此步骤。 此阶段的基本目的是将您的应用程序介绍给尽可能多的客户，并从一开始就获得无数的下载。 此步骤需要投入大量的时间和精力，以确保您的应用程序可以被多个用户使用。

The phase includes:

该阶段包括：

• ASO (App Store Optimization): A lot of users generally depend on app stores to locate new and engaging apps. Thus, it becomes highly significant to improve the ranging of your app on the app stores so that it catches the users attention.ASO（应用商店优化）：许多用户通常依赖于应用商店来查找新的引人入胜的应用。 因此，提高应用程序在应用程序商店中的范围以吸引用户的注意力变得非常重要。
• SEO: Formulate a list of effective keywords for SEO purposes that help in making your app discoverable. Prepare articles, guest posts and optimize your website prior to launching your app to engage the potential customers.SEO：为SEO制定有效的关键字列表，以帮助您的应用可被发现。 在启动应用程序以吸引潜在客户之前，请准备文章，来宾帖子并优化您的网站。
• Website/ Landing Page: Optimize your already existing website or create a brand new landing page that is specific to your app. You can then link this page to your app store description. Your website/ landing page should include:网站/登录页面：优化您现有的网站或创建特定于您的应用程序的全新登录页面。 然后，您可以将该页面链接到您的应用商店说明。 您的网站/登录页面应包括：
• Name and brief description of your app您的应用名称和简短描述
• An interactive app icon互动应用程式图示
• Names of the app stores where your app can be installed可以安装您的应用程序的应用程序商店的名称
• Promotional videos宣传影片
• Screenshots of your app in high quality高品质应用程序的屏幕截图
• FAQs常见问题
• QR codesQR码
• Links to social media accounts链接到社交媒体帐户
• User reviews and ratings用户评论和评分
• Paid Advertisements: You can exploit the platforms of Google, Twitter, Instagram and Facebook to run paid advertisements. This can be an effective way to seize the attention of prospective customers and augment the number of downloads.付费广告：您可以利用Google，Twitter，Instagram和Facebook的平台来运行付费广告。 这可能是一种吸引潜在客户注意力并增加下载数量的有效方法。
• Emails: You can keep your customers engaged by sending formal emails much before the actual launch of your app. This will accelerate the initial app download rate, thus inflating the chances of your app trending on the stores.电子邮件：您可以在实际启动应用程序之前就发送正式电子邮件来保持客户的参与度。 这将加快初始应用程序的下载速度，从而增加应用程序在商店中流行的机会。

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结论 (Conclusion)

The foremost thing to remember is that app development is a continuous and ongoing process. It just doesn’t end with you launching the final output, in fact, it is just the beginning. As your app gets more users, more reviews and feedback will pour in and you will have to integrate the needed changes in the form of future app updates.

要记住的最重要的一点是，应用程序开发是一个连续不断的过程。 它并没有随您启动最终输出而结束，实际上，这仅仅是开始。 随着您的应用吸引更多用户，更多的评论和反馈将会涌入，您将需要以将来的应用更新形式集成所需的更改。

If this is your inaugural attempt at app development, follow the aforementioned steps to make your app reach the zenith of success. Additionally, you can get in touch with a reputable Android app development company to get hold of a triumphant app.

如果这是您对应用程序开发的首次尝试，请按照上述步骤使您的应用程序达到成功的顶峰。 此外，您可以与知名的Android应用程序开发公司联系，以取得成功的应用程序。

For more information about me, please check my Experts Exchange profile page

有关我的更多信息，请检查我的Experts Exchange 个人资料页面

翻译自: https://www.experts-exchange.com/articles/31586/Mobile-App-Development-Lifecycle-Journey-of-App-from-Development-to-App-Store.html

移动应用程序开发