linux 事实日志

25 years ago this week, a college student in Finland shared his project on an email list:

25年前的本周，芬兰的一名大学生在电子邮件列表中分享了他的项目：

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)

来自：torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI(Linus Benedict Torvalds)

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)Newsgroups: comp.os.minix

来自：torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI(Linus Benedict Torvalds) 新闻组：comp.os.minix

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)Newsgroups: comp.os.minixSubject: What would you like to see most in minix?

寄件人：torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI(Linus Benedict Torvalds) 新闻组：comp.os.minix 主题：minix您最想看到什么？

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)Newsgroups: comp.os.minixSubject: What would you like to see most in minix?Summary: small poll for my new operating system

寄件人：torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI(Linus Benedict Torvalds) 新闻组：comp.os.minix 主题：minix您最想看到什么？ 摘要：我的新操作系统的小调查

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)Newsgroups: comp.os.minixSubject: What would you like to see most in minix?Summary: small poll for my new operating systemMessage-ID: <1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>

寄件人：torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI(Linus Benedict Torvalds) 新闻组：comp.os.minix 主题：minix您最想看到什么？ 摘要：对我的新操作系统进行的小型民意调查 Message-ID：<1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)Newsgroups: comp.os.minixSubject: What would you like to see most in minix?Summary: small poll for my new operating systemMessage-ID: <1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT

来自：torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI(Linus Benedict Torvalds) 新闻组：comp.os.minix 主题：minix您最想看到什么？ 摘要：对我的新操作系统进行的小型民意调查 Message-ID：<1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI> 日期：91 Aug 08 20:57:08 GMT

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)Newsgroups: comp.os.minixSubject: What would you like to see most in minix?Summary: small poll for my new operating systemMessage-ID: <1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMTOrganization: University of Helsinki

来自：torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI(Linus Benedict Torvalds) 新闻组：comp.os.minix 主题：minix您最想看到什么？ 摘要：我的新操作系统的小型民意调查 Message-ID：<1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI> 日期：91 Aug 8 20:57:08 GMT 组织：赫尔辛基大学

Hello everybody out there using minix —

大家好，您都在使用minix-

I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and

我正在做一个(免费的)操作系统( 只是一个爱好，不会很大，

I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big andprofessional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing

我正在 为386(486)AT克隆 做一个(免费)操作系统( 只是一个爱好，不会 像gnu 这样大而 专业 )。 这一直在酝酿

I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big andprofessional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewingsince april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback on

我正在 为386(486)AT克隆 做一个(免费)操作系统( 只是一个爱好，不会 像gnu 这样大而 专业 )。 自4月以来 一直在酝酿之中 ，并且已经开始准备。 我想要任何反馈

I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big andprofessional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewingsince april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback onthings people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat

我正在 为386(486)AT克隆 做一个(免费)操作系统( 只是一个爱好，不会 像gnu 这样大而 专业 )。 自4月以来 一直在酝酿之中 ，并且已经开始准备。 我希望得到 人们对minix中喜欢/不喜欢的事物的 任何反馈 ，因为我的操作系统有点类似

I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big andprofessional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewingsince april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback onthings people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat(same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons)

我正在 为386(486)AT克隆 做一个(免费)操作系统( 只是一个爱好，不会 像gnu 这样大而 专业 )。 自4月以来 一直在酝酿之中 ，并且已经开始准备。 我希望得到 人们对minix中喜欢/不喜欢的事物的 任何反馈 ，因为我的操作系统在某种程度上类似于它 (文件系统的物理布局相同(由于实际原因))

I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big andprofessional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewingsince april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback onthings people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat(same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons)among other things).

我正在 为386(486)AT克隆 做一个(免费)操作系统( 只是一个爱好，不会 像gnu 这样大而 专业 )。 自4月以来 一直在酝酿之中 ，并且已经开始准备。 我希望得到 人们对于minix中喜欢/不喜欢的事物的 任何反馈 ，因为我的操作系统在某种程度上类似于它 (文件系统的物理布局(由于实际原因) )。

I’ve currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work.

我目前已经移植了bash(1.08)和gcc(1.40)，并且一切似乎正常。

I’ve currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I’ll get something practical within a few months, and

我目前已经移植了bash(1.08)和gcc(1.40)，并且一切似乎正常。 这意味着我将在几个月内得到一些实用的信息，并且

I’ve currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I’ll get something practical within a few months, andI’d like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions

我目前已经移植了bash(1.08)和gcc(1.40)，并且一切似乎正常。 这意味着我将在几个月内得到一些实用的信息，并且 我想知道大多数人想要的功能。 有什么建议

I’ve currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I’ll get something practical within a few months, andI’d like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestionsare welcome, but I won’t promise I’ll implement them :-)

我目前已经移植了bash(1.08)和gcc(1.40)，并且一切似乎正常。 这意味着我将在几个月内得到一些实用的信息，并且 我想知道大多数人想要的功能。 欢迎 任何建议 ，但我不保证会实施:-)

Linus (torv…@kruuna.helsinki.fi)

莱纳斯(torv…@kruuna.helsinki.fi)

PS. Yes — it’s free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs.

PS。 是的-它没有任何minix代码，并且具有多线程fs。

PS. Yes — it’s free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs. It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never

PS。 是的-它没有任何minix代码，并且具有多线程fs。 它不是很稳定(使用386任务切换等)，并且可能永远不会

PS. Yes — it’s free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs. It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably neverwill support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that’s all I have :-(.

PS。 是的-它没有任何minix代码，并且具有多线程fs。 它不是很稳定(使用386任务切换等)，它可能永远 不会支持AT硬盘以外的任何东西，因为这就是我所拥有的:-(。

“Just a hobby,” he says. “Won’t be big and professional like gnu,” he says.

“只是一种爱好，”他说。 他说：“不会像gnu那样大而专业。”

This kid has no idea that his operating system is about to change software forever.

这个孩子不知道他的操作系统将永远改变软件。

Today, Linux is the dominant operating system for servers. It’s also the basis for Android, which is the dominant operating system for phones. And it’s 100% free and open source.

今天，Linux是服务器的主要操作系统。 它也是Android的基础，而Android是手机的主要操作系统。 而且它是100％免费和开源的。

Let’s put the last 25 years of Linux in perspective with these 25 stunning facts about Linux:

让我们从以下有关Linux的25个令人震惊的事实着眼Linux的最后25年：

Fact #1: There are 115 million lines of code in The Linux Foundation’s collaborative projects. Compare this to the 45 million lines of code in Windows XP.

事实1： Linux基金会的协作项目中有1.15亿行代码。 将此与Windows XP中的4500万行代码进行比较。

Fact #2: The Linux kernel is by far the most active open source project on Earth. Its accepts an average of 185 patches each day.

事实2： Linux内核是迄今为止地球上最活跃的开源项目。 它平均每天接受185个补丁。

Fact #3: It’s taken about 41,000 person-years to build Linux — the equivalent of about $5 billion in developer salary.

事实三：构建Linux大约需要41,000个人年，这相当于大约50亿美元的开发人员薪水。

Fact #4: The Linux Foundation pays Linus $10 million per year to continue his work on Linux. His net worth is $150 million.

事实4： Linux基金会每年向Linus支付1000万美元，以继续他在Linux上的工作。 他的身家为1.5亿美元。

Fact #5: Despite this the sums of money involved — and all the systems that rely on Linux — Linus works from home, alone, with his cat. Here’s a picture of him at his treadmill desk:

事实5：尽管如此，Linus还是要花很多钱，以及所有依赖Linux的系统，Linus独自一人在家和猫一起工作。 这是他在跑步机上的照片：

Fact #6: While Linus was serving as in the Finnish military — doing ballistics calculations — he bought a copy of Andrew Tanenbaum’s Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. This book described Minix — a simplified educational version of Unix — and opened Linus’s eyes to the Unix philosophy.

事实6：当Linus在芬兰军队中服役时(进行弹道计算)，他购买了Andrew Tanenbaum的《 操作系统：设计与实现》的副本。 这本书描述了Minix(一种简化的Unix教育版)，并使Linus看到了Unix哲学。

Operating Systems Design and Implementation (3rd Edition)The book that inspired Linus to create Linux.

操作系统设计和实现(第3版) 启发Linus创建Linux的书 。

Fact #7: Even though Torvalds wrote 100% of Linux’s first release, his original contributions now account for less than 1% of its total codebase. These days he says he’s too busy merging in code written by other contributors to do much programming himself.

事实7：尽管Torvalds编写了Linux第一版的100％，但他的原始贡献现在只占Linux总代码库的不到1％。 如今，他说他太忙于合并其他贡献者编写的代码，无法自己进行大量编程。

I do not have a five-year plan. I do not have a moonshot. I’m perfectly happy with all the people walking around looking at the stars saying “I want to go there.” But I’m looking at the ground, and I want to fix the pothole that’s right in front of me before I fall in. — Linus Torvalds

我没有五年计划。 我没有月亮。 我对所有人走来走去看着星星说“我想去那里”感到非常满意。 但是我在看着地面，我想在掉进去之前解决我面前的坑洼。— Linus Torvalds

Fact #8: Other famous software icons like Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg dropped out of college to pursue their projects full-time. Linus not only continued school after the initial success of Linux — he even stuck around to get his masters in computer science.

事实8：比尔·盖茨和马克·扎克伯格等其他着名的软件偶像辍学，全职从事他们的项目。 Linus不仅在Linux最初取得成功之后就继续上学-他甚至坚持不懈地学习计算机科学。

Fact #9: Even though Linus created Git, he doesn’t accept pull requests through GitHub. Linux is listed on GitHub, though, and it has more than 35,000 stars.

事实9：即使Linus创建了Git，他也不接受通过GitHub发出的请求 。 但是，Linux已在GitHub上列出，它拥有超过35,000个star 。

Fact #10: Linux’s mascot is a penguin named “Tux”:

事实10： Linux的吉祥物是名为“ Tux”的企鹅：

Fact #11: Developers from a wide range of companies contribute to Linux. Here they are, ranked by contributions:

事实11：来自各种公司的开发人员为Linux做出了贡献。 它们是按贡献排序的：

Fact #12: 97% of the world’s supercomputers run on Linux — including clusters used by NASA.

事实12：占97％ 世界上的超级计算机都在Linux上运行 -包括NASA使用的集群。

Fact #13: SpaceX uses a special fault-tolerant design of Linux in each of its Merlin rocket engines. Through this, Linux has helped complete 32 space missions.

事实13： SpaceX在其每个Merlin火箭引擎中都采用了特殊的Linux容错设计。 通过这样，Linux已经帮助完成了32次太空任务 。

Fact #14: In 2009, the government of Munich, Germany switched from Windows to Linux. They claim to have saved more than €10 million in software licensing fees so far. But the switch may have cost them that much or more in lost productivity.

事实14： 2009年，德国慕尼黑政府从Windows切换到Linux。 他们声称到目前为止已经节省了超过1000万欧元的软件许可费用。 但是这种转换可能使他们付出了相当或更多的生产力损失 。

Fact #15: Linux powers the tiny $5 Raspberry Pi computer.

事实15： Linux驱动着5美元的小型Raspberry Pi计算机。

Fact #16: Is Linux the king of the world? Titanic was the first feature film produced on Linux servers.

事实16： Linux是世界之王吗？ 泰坦尼克号是在Linux服务器上制作的第一部长片。

Fact #17: Even though video game developer Valve’s founder Gabe Newell has publicly stated that he thinks Linux is the future of gaming, his company’s Linux-based Steam Machine console flopped. Linux’s overall market share has fallen a bit since 2010.

事实17：即使视频游戏开发商Valve的创始人Gabe Newell公开表示，他认为Linux是游戏的未来，但其公司基于Linux的Steam Machine控制台却遭到了失败。 自2010年以来， Linux的整体市场份额有所下降 。

Fact #18: Dronecode is Linux for Drones. About 1,000 companies develop drone services that run on top of this operating system.

事实18： Dronecode是Linux for Drones 。 大约有1,000家公司开发在此操作系统之上运行的无人机服务。

Fact #19: Toyota and Jaguar plan to run their future cars using Automotive-grade Linux.

事实19：丰田和捷豹计划使用汽车级Linux来运行其未来的汽车。

Fact #20: Linux is available in many distributions, or “distros.” Most distros are based off of other distros. The most popular distro is Ubuntu, which is based off of Debian.

事实20： Linux有许多发行版或“发行版”。 大多数发行版基于其他发行版。 最受欢迎的发行版是Ubuntu，它基于Debian。

Here’s the full Linux family tree:

这是完整的Linux家族树：

Fact #21: Red Hat is a company that makes an enterprise-focused distribution of Linux. It is the largest company built around open source software, and is on track to make $5 billion in revenue this year.

事实21： Red Hat是一家进行以企业为中心的Linux发行版的公司。 它是最大的基于开源软件的公司，今年有望实现收入50亿美元 。

Fact #22: Linux doesn’t necessarily come with a graphic user interface (GUI). Many developers interact with it through a command line shell — usually Bash. You can choose from a variety of GUI shells, such as Xfce and KDE. When you hear the term “Xubuntu”, it means “Ubuntu with Xfce.” Can you guess what “Kubuntu” means?

事实22： Linux不一定带有图形用户界面(GUI)。 许多开发人员通过命令行外壳程序(通常是Bash)与之交互。 您可以从各种GUI Shell中进行选择，例如Xfce和KDE。 当您听到“ Xubuntu”一词时，它的意思是“带有Xfce的Ubuntu”。 您能猜出“ Kubuntu”是什么意思吗？

Ǝpʞ ɥʇᴉʍ nʇunq∩ :ɹǝʍsuɐ

∩nʞunq∩：ɹǝʍsuɐ

Fact #23: Linux uses the GNU General Public License.

事实23： Linux使用GNU通用公共许可证。

“The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software — to make sure the software is free for all its users.” — GNU GPL preamble

“大多数软件的许可旨在剥夺您共享和更改软件的自由。 相比之下，GNU通用公共许可证旨在保证您共享和更改自由软件的自由-确保该软件对其所有用户都是免费的。” — GNU GPL前言

Fact #24: Linux uses a “Unix-like” design, where its monolithic Linux kernel oversees file systems, networking, and process control. The rest of the functionality is handled by modules — many of which are from the GNU project.

事实24： Linux使用“类Unix”设计， 整体式Linux内核监督文件系统，网络和过程控制。 其余功能由模块处理-其中许多来自GNU项目 。

Fact #25: Even Microsoft Windows — Linux’s biggest competing operating system — is embracing Linux. It recently integrated Ubuntu Bash into Windows 10.

事实25：甚至Microsoft Windows(Linux最大的竞争性操作系统)也正在拥抱Linux。 它最近将Ubuntu Bash集成到Windows 10中。

Bonus Fact: Linux was inspired by Richard Stallman’s GNU project, the Free Software movement, and the Hacker Ethic. You can read about these — along with the history of other important projects like the Apple I computer — in Steven Levy’s classic book Hackers:

优点： Linux的灵感来自Richard Stallman的GNU项目，自由软件运动和Hacker Ethic。 您可以在史蒂文·列维 ( Steven Levy )的经典著作《 黑客 》( Hackers)中阅读这些内容以及其他重要项目的历史，例如Apple I计算机。

Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution: 25th Anniversary EditionEdit descriptionamzn.to

黑客：计算机革命英雄：25周年纪念版 编辑描述 amzn.to

Also, here’s a short interview with Linus where he talks about Linux and Git, and how he created them to solve his own problems:

另外，这是Linus的简短采访，他在其中谈论Linux和Git，以及他如何创建它们来解决自己的问题：

Here’s to the next 25 years of Linux. May open source software continue to make the world a less buggy place!

这是Linux的下一个25年。 可能开源软件将继续使世界变得不那么麻烦了！

I only write about programming and technology. If you follow me on Twitter I won’t waste your time. ?

我只写关于编程和技术的文章。 如果您在Twitter上关注我，我不会浪费您的时间。 ？

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/linux-is-25-yay-lets-celebrate-with-25-rad-facts-about-linux-c8d8ac30076d/

linux 事实日志