今天有老师微信提问我下面这句话：

a. I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem.

b. I would have been very pleased to have been regarded as something so interesting as a problem.

这两句话的异同点是：

1. 两句都使用了would have been pleased这种形式。

2. a句采用了to be regarded一般式(不定式)，b句采用了to have been regarded完成式(不定式)。

针对这两个句子，下面的表述哪些是正确的，请选择：

对这两句，这位老师提问道：

满胜老师好，有个问题请教一下您，给您发两张图，是新概念第四册的一个课文儿，上图是课文原文，下图是课后题，但是它俩的内容应该是完全一致的，然后我第一次看到就在想这个to后面是不是要用完成态，然后原文没有用，但是课后题用了，然后这两个东西到底谁对呢？然后请您给判断一下。

这是《新概念英语》四册第5课中的句子：

其中的句子是：

c. Why would the writer have been pleased to have been regarded as a problem when he was young?

我们看到，这里采用了完成不定式to have been regarded。再加上前面的would have been完成式，一共有两个完成式。因此，我称之为“双完成式”，基本结构是：would have done to have done。

那么，到底该用不定式一般式 to be regarded还是不定式完成式to have been regarded呢？下文我将会作出回答。

现在我们继续看这位老师的提问：

满胜老师，结果很搞笑，课后又出了一个题，结果又是一个样子，就这三个句子，到底哪个对呢？

这是课后句型改写练习，把a句改成了带有if条件句的主从复合句，请比较：

a. I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem.

d. I would have been very pleased if anyone regarded me as something so interesting as a problem.

从改写后的d句我们可以看到，这里if是一个虚拟条件句，呼应了前面的would have been也是虚拟语气。因此，上面A选项正确。但是，这里不是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟，而只是一种凭空想象，过去没有是否pleased这个情况的存在。所以，这个虚拟并不是要表达“我过去不pleased”——过去不得意、不高兴。因此，B选项欠妥。

这就再次回到我一直提醒大家的：虚拟语气不一定都是表示与事实相反。这点可能有点难以理解。在此不展开赘述，请参看《语法体系及底层逻辑全解密》书中“虚拟语气”一章详解：

现在我简要回答一下这位老师的提问：这些句子哪个是对的？

答曰：这些句子都是对的。

a. I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem.

b. I would have been very pleased to have been regarded as something so interesting as a problem.

一般来说，b句更偏于口语，或说在口语中更多见，也更偏于英式英语。

有母语人会觉得像b句这样使用了两个完成式(would have been和to have been regarded)有些verbose“累赘”，于是“简化”为a句的形式。

另外要注意，这里不定式具有虚拟假设意味，其中a句中的to be regarded相当于虚拟条件句if anyone regarded me...，而b句中的to have been regarded相当于虚拟条件句if anyone had regarded me...。

再比如词典中的这个例句：

He'd have liked to have been an actor.

这里就同样使用了“双完成式”：would have liked + to have been。这句完全可以说成：

He'd have liked to be an actor.

意思没有本质差别，都是表示他过去是想当演员来着，但实际上并没有。当然，如果有更多的语境，这句话还有其他不同的解读。

所以，上面E选项不对，因为这两种句式含义差别不大。上面选择题只有A选项是正确的。你选对了吗？

再比如，王尔德(Oscar Wilde)的小说《道林·格雷的画像》(The Picture of Dorian Gray)里的这段话：

Had he gone to his aunt's, he would have been sure to have met Lord Goodbody there, and the whole conversation would have been about the feeding of the poor and the necessity for model lodging-houses. Each class would have preached the importance of those virtues, for whose exercise there was no necessity in their own lives. The rich would have spoken on the value of thrift, and the idle grown eloquent over the dignity of labour. It was charming to have escaped all that! As he thought of his aunt, an idea seemed to strike him. He turned to Hallward and said, "My dear fellow, I have just remembered."

开头是虚拟条件倒装句Had he gone to his aunt's (=If he had gone to his aunt's)，接主句he would have been sure to have met...，这里也采用了“双完成式”。

像would have done to have done这样的双完成式句式时常能见到，请大家以后在阅读中注意观察。

最后简单总结一下：

1. 像would have done to have done这样的“双完成式”更偏于口语，或说在口语中更多见，也更偏于英式英语。它与would have done to do没有实质差别(或有些许的因人而异的细微差别)。

2. 这里would have done表达过去虚拟，是过去虚拟主句的形式。相应地，to do或to have done不定式相当于虚拟条件从句。