FPGA + labwindows/CVI 2017 串口通信 电子钟
2024-05-12 07:24:49
FPGA + labwindows/CVI 2017 串口通信 电子钟
- 1. 描述
- 2.环境
- 3.整体框架
- 4.具体实现思路
- a. 顶层模块概述
- 串口收发模块
- 时钟模块
- 编码器模块
- 5.上位机实现
- 6. 总结
1. 描述
基于上一个FPGA的数字钟的实验，采用CVI2017制作了一个简单的上位机软件。实现了上位机和FPGA开发板同时可以显示时间、设置时间、蜂鸣器报警、LED灯闪烁等功能。FPGA开发板和上位机采用串口的方式通信。上一篇博文的链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42965223/article/details/109432049
2.环境
硬件：硬件 ：altera公司的Cyclone IV --EP4CE6F17C8N
软件：Quartus Prime Lite Edition 17.1
Labwindows/CVI 2017
操作系统：Windows10家庭版
3.整体框架
整个实验除了在开发板上实现数字钟的功能，在上位机也实现了类似功能的界面，通过每秒上发的16进制时间信息更新上位机显示。上位机的按键在按下后也会下发数据给开发板，开发板接收到数据后进行处理触发软按键实现按键按下的效果。其顶层文件框架如下所示：
与上位机通信的相关数据帧定义如下所示：
顶层文件的输入输出如下所示：
管脚分配如下图所示：
4.具体实现思路
a. 顶层模块概述
串口收发模块
串口收发模块主要参考了开发板的串口例程，并且在顶层文件中编写了发送状态机，可以发送任意字节的数据。串口收发模块的输入输出如下图所示：
如上,CLK_FRE为输入时钟（和上个实验一样为50MHz）115200表示的是波特率，Clk也为系统时钟，Nrst为复位信号，tx_data（rx_data）为一个8位的数据，tx_data_valid 为 发送数据有效信号（也就是由外部控制（相对于串口模块）的输入信号，要发送数据时可置为有效），tx_data_ready 为串口模块输出信号，表示模块自身已经准备好发送了。同理接收模块的对应信号意思相近。后面会附上模块具体实现代码。通过对串口模块相应位的检测判断，可以在顶层文件中实现对个Byte数据的发送。其具体实现代码如下
//notes: state machine compose the IDEL-WAIT-SEND state
always@(posedge Clk or negedge Nrst)
beginif(Nrst == 1'b0)beginwait_cnt <= 32'd0;tx_data <= 8'd0;state <= IDLE;tx_cnt <= 8'd0;tx_data_valid <= 1'b0;endelsebegincase (state)//idel stateIDLE: state <= SEND;//sending stateSEND:beginwait_cnt <= 32'd0;if(IsCommandData == 1'b1) tx_data <= tx_str1; //select send Cmd or Timeelse tx_data <= tx_str;//the first 6 data represents time and the last data is command statesif(tx_data_valid == 1'b1 && tx_data_ready == 1'b1 && tx_cnt < 8'd4)begintx_cnt <= tx_cnt + 8'd1; //sent byte counterendelse if (tx_data_valid && tx_data_ready) //last byte sending is completedbegintx_cnt <= 8'd0; //clear countertx_data_valid <= 1'b0; //IsCommandData <= 1'b0; state <= WAIT;endelse if(~tx_data_valid)begintx_data_valid <= 1'b1;endend//waitting stateWAIT:beginwait_cnt <= wait_cnt + 32'd1; //wait counter(send data to PC every seconds)if(tx_data_valid && tx_data_ready) begintx_data_valid <= 1'b0;end//todo: we can add other trigger conditions hereelse if (wait_cnt >= CLK_FRE * 1000000) //wait time is up and change to sending statebeginstate <= SEND;tx_cnt <= 8'd0; end else if(IsAnyKeyTrg)beginstate <= SEND;IsCommandData <= 1'b1;//tx_cnt <= 8'd0;endend default: state <= IDLE;endcase //endcase end
end
然后再在另一个块语句中实现发送数据的切换，实现方式如下：
//notes: change send bytes
always@(*)
begincase(tx_cnt)8'd0 : tx_str <= 8'hbb;8'd1 : tx_str <= {wHorCntShi,wHorCntGe};8'd2 : tx_str <= {wMinCntShi,wMinCntGe};8'd3 : tx_str <= {wSecCntShi,wSecCntGe}; 8'd4 : tx_str <= 8'hee;default:tx_str <= 8'd0;endcase
end//notes: send command
always@(*)
begincase(tx_cnt)8'd0 : tx_str1 <= 8'haa;8'd1 : tx_str1 <= 8'd0;8'd2 : tx_str1 <= 8'd0;8'd3 : tx_str1 <= {4'b0000,KeyValue};8'd4 : tx_str1 <= 8'hdd;default:tx_str1 <= 8'd0;endcase
end
接收模块实现方法类似，在这就不粘贴代码了。在接收数据后，通过判断上位机发送的不同数据产生模拟的边沿触发时钟，送入失踪模块，实现像视同按键触发的效果。
时钟模块
时钟模块根据上一次实验做了些许修改，对滤波后的键值进行了输出共顶层模块使用。（实体按键按下时需要发送键值给上位机），其做的修改如下所示：
assign ISANYKEY = {NRST,wKeyBdSet,wKeyBdMadd,wKeyBdHadd};
然后再外面对模拟按键和实体按键进行相与操作，使得上位机和开发板上的实体按键都可以对数字钟进行控制。
//both the hard key and the simulated key works to control the system
assign FinalKeySet = (SoftKeySet && Keyset) ; //keyset both hard and soft works
assign FinalKeyHadd = (SoftKeyHadd && Keyhadd);
assign FinalKeyMadd = (SoftKeyMadd && Keymadd);
assign FianlReset = (SoftKeyReset && Nrst);
assign Buzz_out = BeepLock?TempBuzz_out:1; //Lock the beep clock out
编码器模块
使用编码器模块主要是对时钟模块输出的段码再次进行转换，转为二进制后再通过串口模块发送给上位机。其实可以直接在时钟模块里增加输出端口，输出未转化的二进制数据，但是为了时钟模块的完整性（尽量使用上个实验一样的代码），就用了个编码器。代码如下：
module seg_coder(input Nrst,input[6:0] Seg_data,output[3:0] Bin_data
);reg[3:0] rBin_data;assign Bin_data = rBin_data;always@(Seg_data or Nrst)
beginif (Nrst == 1'b0) beginrBin_data <= 4'b0000; endelsebegincase(Seg_data)7'b100_0000 : rBin_data <= 4'd0 ;7'b111_1001 : rBin_data <= 4'd1 ;7'b010_0100 : rBin_data <= 4'd2 ;7'b011_0000 : rBin_data <= 4'd3 ;7'b001_1001 : rBin_data <= 4'd4 ;7'b001_0010 : rBin_data <= 4'd5 ;7'b000_0010 : rBin_data <= 4'd6 ;7'b111_1000 : rBin_data <= 4'd7 ;7'b000_0000 : rBin_data <= 4'd8 ;7'b001_0000 : rBin_data <= 4'd9 ;7'b000_1000 : rBin_data <= 4'ha ;7'b000_0011 : rBin_data <= 4'hb ;7'b100_0110 : rBin_data <= 4'hc ;7'b010_0001 : rBin_data <= 4'hd ;7'b000_0110 : rBin_data <= 4'he ;7'b000_1110 : rBin_data <= 4'hf ;default : rBin_data <= 4'd0 ;endcase end
end
endmodule
5.上位机实现
上位机通过 CVI2017实现，因为刚开始学，实现的界面较为简单，调用的是其自带的串口库实现数据收发。包括一些设置按键和串口通信信息的设置输入框。上位机效果图如下所示：
其具体实现代码如下：
DigitalClock.c
#include <userint.h>
#include "DigitalClock.h"/*================================================================
Title: DigitalClockPurpose: FPGA Comprehensive InternshipCreated on: 2020/11/24 at 19:37:03 byCreated by: NightVoyagerCopyright: All Rights Reserved.===================================================================*/#include "main.h"static int panelHandle = 0;
ST_COM gComParam;//=======================================
static int InterFaceInit(int PanelHandle);
static void CtrlsDisable(int PanelHandle);
static void CtrlsEnable(int PanelHandle);
//=======================================int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{int error = 0;//? Verify that weather the PC speaker can work//printf("%d",CVILowLevelSupportDriverLoaded());/* initialize and load resources */nullChk(InitCVIRTE(0, argv, 0));errChk(panelHandle = LoadPanel(0, "DigitalClock.uir", PANEL));/* display the panel and run the user interface */errChk(DisplayPanel(panelHandle));InterFaceInit(panelHandle); //init the controlserrChk(RunUserInterface());Error:/* clean up */if (panelHandle > 0)DiscardPanel(panelHandle);return 0;
}//==============================================================================
// UI callback function prototypesint CVICALLBACK panelCB(int panel, int event, void *callbackData,int eventData1, int eventData2)
{if (event == EVENT_CLOSE)QuitUserInterface(0);return 0;
}static int InterFaceInit(int PanelHandle)
{//init the segment-showing partSetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_SEG_STR, ATTR_NO_EDIT_TEXT, 1); //can't editSetCtrlVal(PanelHandle, PANEL_SEG_STR, "00:00:00"); //set the initial valueSetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_SEG_STR, ATTR_TEXT_BGCOLOR, VAL_BLACK); //set the segment's background colorSetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_SEG_STR, ATTR_TEXT_COLOR, VAL_RED); //set the text's color//set the default Com informationgComParam.PortNum = 6;gComParam.BaudRate = 9600;gComParam.DataBit = 8;gComParam.Parity = 0;gComParam.StopBit = 1;memset(gComParam.RecvData, 0, sizeof(gComParam.RecvData));memset(gComParam.SendData, 0, sizeof(gComParam.SendData));gComParam.SendData[0] = 0xaa; //set the command data's head and tailgComParam.SendData[2] = 0xdd;gComParam.IsSetBtnOk = 0;//disable the timerSetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_TIMER, ATTR_ENABLED, 0);//CtrlsDisableCtrlsDisable(PanelHandle);return 0;
}/*=============================================================
Function Name:CtrlsEnable
Description:鍦ㄥ仠姝㈡椂鍚敤鎺т欢
Input:鏃?
Output:鏃?
Notes锛氭棤
==============================================================*/
static void CtrlsEnable(int PanelHandle)
{//鍚敤鎺т欢SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_SEG_STR, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED3, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED2, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED1, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED0, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_MADD, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_HADD, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_SET, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_RESET, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_BINBEEPCTRL, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_TBN_COM, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);
}/*=============================================================
Function Name:CtrlsDisable
Description:绂佺敤鎺т欢
Input:鏃?
Output:鏃?
Notes锛氭棤
==============================================================*/
static void CtrlsDisable(int PanelHandle)
{//绂佺敤鎺т欢SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_SEG_STR, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED3, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED2, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED1, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_LED0, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_MADD, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_HADD, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_SET, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_CBTN_RESET, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_BINBEEPCTRL, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);SetCtrlAttribute(PanelHandle, PANEL_TBN_COM, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);
}//===========================CallBack Function=======================================
int CVICALLBACK CbtnResetCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:if(gComParam.IsComOpen == 1){gComParam.SendData[1] = 0x0a;ComWrt(gComParam.PortNum, gComParam.SendData, 6);}break;}return 0;
}int CVICALLBACK CbtnSetCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{int CurrentVal = 0;switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_BINPOWCTRL, &CurrentVal);if (CurrentVal == 1 && gComParam.IsComOpen == 1){gComParam.IsSetBtnOk = 1;gComParam.SendData[1] = 0x0b;ComWrt(gComParam.PortNum, gComParam.SendData, 6);}else if(CurrentVal == 0){gComParam.IsSetBtnOk = 0;}break;}return 0;
}int CVICALLBACK CbtnHaddCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{int CurrentVal = 0;switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_BINPOWCTRL, &CurrentVal);if (CurrentVal == 1 && gComParam.IsComOpen == 1 && gComParam.IsSetBtnOk == 1){gComParam.SendData[1] = 0x0d;ComWrt(gComParam.PortNum, gComParam.SendData, 6);}else{/* code */}break;}return 0;
}int CVICALLBACK CbtnMaddCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{int CurrentVal = 0;switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_BINPOWCTRL, &CurrentVal);if (CurrentVal == 1 && gComParam.IsComOpen == 1 && gComParam.IsSetBtnOk == 1){gComParam.SendData[1] = 0x0e;ComWrt(gComParam.PortNum, gComParam.SendData, 6);}else{/* code */}break;}return 0;
}int CVICALLBACK BinbtnOporClCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{int currentVal;switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_BINPOWCTRL, ¤tVal);if (currentVal){CtrlsEnable(panel);}else{CtrlsDisable(panel);}break;}return 0;
}int CVICALLBACK BinBeepCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:if(gComParam.IsComOpen == 1){gComParam.SendData[1] = 0x10;ComWrt(gComParam.PortNum, gComParam.SendData, 6);}break;}return 0;
}int CVICALLBACK CbtnHelpCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:MessagePopup("帮助",HelpText);break;}return 0;
}//===========================CallBack Function=======================================int CVICALLBACK ComBtnCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{int currentVal;int i = 0;switch (event){case EVENT_COMMIT:GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_TBN_COM, ¤tVal);if (currentVal){gComParam.IsComOpen = 1;//enable the input of the port configfor (i = 16; i < 21; i++){SetCtrlAttribute(panel, i, ATTR_DIMMED, 1);}//get the com configrationGetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_NUMERIC_PORT, &gComParam.PortNum);GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_RING_BDRATE, &gComParam.BaudRate);GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_RING_DB, &gComParam.DataBit);GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_RING_PAR, &gComParam.Parity);GetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_RING_SP, &gComParam.StopBit);//open the port according to the parameter aboveOpenComConfig(gComParam.PortNum, "", gComParam.BaudRate, gComParam.Parity,gComParam.DataBit, gComParam.StopBit, 100, 100);FlushInQ(gComParam.PortNum);FlushOutQ(gComParam.PortNum);SetCtrlAttribute(panel, PANEL_TIMER, ATTR_ENABLED, 1); //enable the timer}else{gComParam.IsComOpen = 0;//disable the input of the port configfor (i = 16; i < 21; i++){SetCtrlAttribute(panel, i, ATTR_DIMMED, 0);}FlushInQ(gComParam.PortNum);FlushOutQ(gComParam.PortNum);//close the port due to the port numberCloseCom(gComParam.PortNum);SetCtrlAttribute(panel, PANEL_TIMER, ATTR_ENABLED, 0); //disable the timer}break;}return 0;
}int CVICALLBACK TimerCallBack(int panel, int control, int event,void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
{int StrLength = 0;char ShowData[100] = {00};switch (event){case EVENT_TIMER_TICK:StrLength = GetInQLen(gComParam.PortNum);if (StrLength != 0){//If it receives too much data to clean up, it will block the serial portComRd(gComParam.PortNum, gComParam.RecvData, StrLength);// Is the time data ?if (gComParam.RecvData[0] == 0xbb && gComParam.RecvData[4] == 0xee){sprintf(ShowData, "%02x:%02x:%02x", gComParam.RecvData[1],gComParam.RecvData[2], gComParam.RecvData[3]);SetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_SEG_STR, ShowData); //show the data//blink the ledif (gComParam.RecvData[2] == 0x59 && gComParam.RecvData[3] >= 0x56){SetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_LED0, ((gComParam.RecvData[3] == 0x56) ? 1 : 0));SetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_LED1, ((gComParam.RecvData[3] == 0x57) ? 1 : 0));SetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_LED2, ((gComParam.RecvData[3] == 0x58) ? 1 : 0));SetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_LED3, ((gComParam.RecvData[3] == 0x59) ? 1 : 0));}if (gComParam.RecvData[3] == 0x00){SetCtrlVal(panel, PANEL_LED3, 0); //Clear the last LED}}//Is the Command Dataelse if (gComParam.RecvData[0] == 0xaa && gComParam.RecvData[4] == 0xdd){//}//Removes all characters from the input queue of the specified port.FlushInQ(gComParam.PortNum);FlushOutQ(gComParam.PortNum);memset(gComParam.RecvData, 0, sizeof(gComParam.RecvData));}break;}return 0;
}头文件
/**************************************************************************/
/* LabWindows/CVI User Interface Resource (UIR) Include File */
/* */
/* WARNING: Do not add to, delete from, or otherwise modify the contents */
/* of this include file. */
/**************************************************************************/#include <userint.h>#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {
#endif/* Panels and Controls: */#define PANEL 1 /* callback function: panelCB */
#define PANEL_SEG_STR 2 /* control type: string, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_LED3 3 /* control type: LED, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_LED2 4 /* control type: LED, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_LED1 5 /* control type: LED, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_LED0 6 /* control type: LED, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_CBTN_MADD 7 /* control type: command, callback function: CbtnMaddCallBack */
#define PANEL_CBTN_HADD 8 /* control type: command, callback function: CbtnHaddCallBack */
#define PANEL_CBTN_HELP 9 /* control type: command, callback function: CbtnHelpCallBack */
#define PANEL_CBTN_SET 10 /* control type: command, callback function: CbtnSetCallBack */
#define PANEL_CBTN_RESET 11 /* control type: command, callback function: CbtnResetCallBack */
#define PANEL_BINPOWCTRL 12 /* control type: binary, callback function: BinbtnOporClCallBack */
#define PANEL_BINBEEPCTRL 13 /* control type: binary, callback function: BinBeepCallBack */
#define PANEL_DECORATION1 14 /* control type: deco, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_DECORATION 15 /* control type: deco, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_NUMERIC_PORT 16 /* control type: numeric, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_RING_BDRATE 17 /* control type: ring, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_RING_PAR 18 /* control type: ring, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_RING_DB 19 /* control type: ring, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_RING_SP 20 /* control type: ring, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_TBN_COM 21 /* control type: textButton, callback function: ComBtnCallBack */
#define PANEL_DECORATION_2 22 /* control type: deco, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_DECORATION_3 23 /* control type: deco, callback function: (none) */
#define PANEL_TIMER 24 /* control type: timer, callback function: TimerCallBack *//* Control Arrays: *//* (no control arrays in the resource file) *//* Menu Bars, Menus, and Menu Items: *//* (no menu bars in the resource file) *//* Callback Prototypes: */int CVICALLBACK BinBeepCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK BinbtnOporClCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK CbtnHaddCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK CbtnHelpCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK CbtnMaddCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK CbtnResetCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK CbtnSetCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK ComBtnCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK panelCB(int panel, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);
int CVICALLBACK TimerCallBack(int panel, int control, int event, void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2);#ifdef __cplusplus}
#endif
6. 总结
本次食盐主要是对FPGA的Verilog语言编程的进一步学习，以及最近正好在学CVI，正好实践一下。项目的大部分代码及全部的思路已经在博文里面站下，若是需要源码的朋友，可以私信我。代码写的也不是很好，一起进步吧。
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