Synology offers a very user friendly Network Attached Storage (NAS) device experience, but that doesn’t mean unboxing it and starting it up is exactly a one-click affair. Let’s get things up and running so we can move onto all the fun projects a compact NAS with server-like functionality can facilitate.

Synology提供了非常用户友好的网络附加存储(NAS)设备体验，但这并不意味着将其拆箱并启动它只是一键式操作。 让我们启动并运行它，以便我们可以进行所有有趣的项目，而紧凑型NAS具有类似于服务器的功能，可以为您带来便利。

什么是Synology NAS？ (What Is a Synology NAS?)

Synology is a company, founded in 2000, specializing in Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices. A NAS, simply put, is a computer optimized for data storage, often with additional functionality layered on top. Synology has two primary product lines, DiskStation and RackStation, with the former intended for home users and small offices and the latter intended for larger commercial environments.

Synology是一家成立于2000年的公司，专门从事网络附加存储(NAS)设备。 简而言之，NAS是针对数据存储进行优化的计算机，通常在其顶部具有附加功能。 Synology有两个主要产品线，DiskStation和RackStation，前者用于家庭用户和小型办公室，而后者则用于较大的商业环境。

The DiskStation models range in size from simple one-bay models (starting at around $150) that offer a non-redundant place to park your data, all the way up to larger models that support 12 drives (starting at around $1000+) with support for advanced multi-disk redundancy and even expansion via auxillary disk bays. Between the two ends of the size spectrum, they can effectively cover the home use needs of everyone from the “I need to backup my family photos” crowd to the “I need to back up the entire internet” crowd.

DiskStation型号的大小从简单的单托架型号(起价约150美元)到提供一个非冗余的地方来存放数据，一直到支持12个驱动器的较大型号(起价约1000+美元)并附带支持。用于高级多磁盘冗余，甚至可以通过辅助磁盘托架进行扩展。 在规模范围的两端之间，它们可以有效满足每个人的家庭使用需求，从“我需要备份家庭照片”人群到“我需要备份整个互联网”人群。

DiskStation models come with a propriety Linux-derived operating system, known as DiskStation Manager. DiskStation Manager comes with a very intuitive web-based interface that feels like you’re using a desktop computer, complete with easy to identify icons, well laid out menus, and abundant help files. In addition to core NAS features like file management, you can add a large array of custom plugins that handle things like organizing your family photos, torrenting files, and everything in between. The end result is a multi-function device that can perform the tasks of a full size computer, but without the energy consumption. (Even the beefiest DiskStation models consume less than half what a desktop computer or full size home server would.)

DiskStation型号随附Linux专有的操作系​​统，称为DiskStation Manager。 DiskStation Manager带有非常直观的基于Web的界面，感觉就像您正在使用台式计算机一样，并配有易于识别的图标，布局合理的菜单和丰富的帮助文件。 除了文件管理等核心NAS功能外，您还可以添加大量自定义插件，以处理诸如整理家庭照片，种子文件以及介于两者之间的所有操作。 最终结果是一种多功能设备，可以执行标准尺寸的计算机的任务，但无需消耗能量。 (即使是功能最强大的DiskStation型号，其消耗也不到台式机或全尺寸家用服务器的一半。)

Let’s look at the setup process for the Synology DS916+, a four-bay model with plenty storage room and plenty of memory and processing power (including on-the-fly video transcoding for home streaming applications). It’s a great model to showcase the setup process, as it sports the additional ports and such found on the larger models but still shares the same operating system found on all DiskStation models.

让我们看一下Synology DS916 +的设置过程，它是一个具有四个存储空间，足够的存储和处理能力(包括用于家庭流媒体应用的实时视频转码)的四托架型号。 这是一个展示设置过程的好模型，它具有附加端口，可以在较大的型号上找到，但仍共享所有DiskStation型号上使用的相同操作系统。

物理设置：填充，插入，启动和享受静音 (The Physical Setup: Fill, Plug In, Boot, and Enjoy the Silence)

Your Synology NAS comes with a power cable, an Ethernet cable, drive mounting screws, and, if you have a higher end model, it may also come with hot-swap drive bay trays, and a second Ethernet cable (the high end DiskStations support dual network cards for increased network throughput). Before we take a look at the actual unit and how to fill it up, let’s talk about disk selection.

Synology NAS随附电源线，以太网电缆，驱动器安装螺钉，并且，如果您具有较高的型号，则还可能随附热插拔驱动器托架托盘和第二根以太网电缆(高端DiskStation支持双网卡以提高网络吞吐量)。 在查看实际单元以及如何填充之前，让我们先谈谈磁盘选择。

硬盘选择 (Hard Drive Selection)

For an optimum NAS experience, we recommend starting with new drives, in the largest size your budget will allow. For our purposes we’ll be using 8TB Western Digital Red drives, which are specifically designed for NAS use where operation is projected to be around the clock in a tight space. Regardless of the brand of hard drives you go with, you want to, at minimum, avoid budget or desktop drives and stick with server/NAS drives.

为了获得最佳的NAS体验，我们建议从预算允许的最大尺寸的新驱动器开始。 为了达到我们的目的，我们将使用8TB Western Digital Red驱动器 ，该驱动器是专为NAS使用而设计的，NAS预计将在狭窄的空间中全天候运行。 无论使用哪种硬盘驱动器，都希望至少避免预算或台式机驱动器，并坚持使用服务器/ NAS驱动器。

If you’re contemplating what size drives to use (or the effects of mixing different size drives), we highly recommend Synology’s easy to use drag-and-drop RAID calculator to help visualize how different drive combinations yield different amounts of usable space.

如果您正在考虑使用什么大小的驱动器(或混合使用不同大小的驱动器的效果)，我们强烈建议您使用Synology易于使用的拖放RAID计算器，以帮助可视化不同的驱动器组合如何产生不同数量的可用空间。

Synology uses a custom RAID setup called Synology Hybrid RAID (SHR)—seen as the selected option in the screenshot above—designed to keep your drives redundant. That means you’ll need more drives, but if one fails, you won’t lose any data, because it’ll be mirrored on another drive. You can read more about RAID here, if you aren’t familiar with it.

Synology使用名为Synology Hybrid RAID(SHR)的自定义RAID设置(在上面的屏幕快照中被视为所选选项)，旨在保持驱动器冗余。 这意味着您将需要更多的驱动器，但是如果一个驱动器出现故障，则不会丢失任何数据，因为它将被镜像到另一驱动器上。 如果您不熟悉RAID ，可以在这里信息 。

Even if you’re familiar with basic RAID terminology, though, you’re likely not familiar with Synolgy’s Hybrid RAID setup if you haven’t used Synology products before. It is a superior option for almost every consumer scenario, hands down. It offers more flexibility than traditional RAID, it’s much easier to expand your storage in the future if you use it, and it makes radically more efficient use of disk space when the disk array doesn’t have perfectly matched drives. Don’t take our word for it though—if you want to dive into the technical breakdown between SHR and RAID, you can read up on it here.

即使您熟悉基本的RAID术语，但是如果您以前没有使用过Synology产品，则可能不熟悉Synolgy的Hybrid RAID设置。 对于几乎所有消费者场景而言，它都是一个绝佳的选择。 与传统的RAID相比，它提供了更大的灵活性，如果将来使用它扩展存储，将更加容易，并且当磁盘阵列没有完美匹配的驱动器时，它可以从根本上更加有效地利用磁盘空间。 不过，请不要相信我们的话-如果您想深入研究SHR和RAID之间的技术故障， 可以在这里继续阅读 。

添加驱动器 (Adding the Drives)

Let’s take a look at the case with the removable cover off, and then pop (and populate) the drive bays. To remove the face plate, simply wiggle it away from the chassis of the NAS. The plate is held in place by thick rubber fingers (designed to help silence vibration) and should come off easily with a first touch.

让我们看一下可移动外盖关闭的情况，然后弹出(并填充)驱动器托架。 要卸下面板，只需将其从NAS机箱上摆动一下即可。 用厚厚的橡胶手指(旨在帮助消除振动)将板固定在适当的位置，并应在初次触摸时容易脱落。

Note the tabs at the top of each drive bay. Simply push the tab gentle upwards and slide the tray out. Although tray screws are included with all the models (some of the more economical models in the Synology line don’t have drive trays and require direct mounting of drives via screws), you don’t need to use them on the hot-swap trays. While you can do so if you’re really set in your ways, it’s much better to use the hard drives in their trays without the screws by gently pulling off the side guards (seen below), pushing the hard drive into the tray, and then snapping the side guards back into place. (The only exception for the use of screws on the hot-swap trays is with the use of 2.5″ drives—you have to screw mount them to keep them from sliding around.)

请注意每个驱动器托架顶部的选项卡。 只需轻轻向上推拉环，然后将纸盘滑出。 尽管所有型号均随附托盘螺钉(Synology系列中的一些更经济的型号没有驱动器托盘，并且需要通过螺钉直接安装驱动器)，但您无需在热插拔托盘上使用它们。 虽然可以按照自己的习惯进行操作，但是最好轻轻地拉下侧挡板(如下所示)，将硬盘驱动器放入托盘中，而无需拧紧螺钉，将硬盘推入托盘中，然后然后将侧挡板重新固定到位。 (在热插拔托盘上使用螺钉的唯一例外是使用2.5英寸驱动器-您必须将其螺钉安装以防止其滑动。)

The hard drives are held very firmly in place thanks to rubber grommets in the side of the trays, and the lack of hard contact between the drive and the tray (thanks to the rubber buffer) does an amazing job minimizing vibration. Once you’ve trayed all your drives, slide them back into the NAS.

借助托盘侧面的橡胶垫圈，可以将硬盘驱动器非常牢固地固定到位，并且驱动器和托盘之间没有硬接触(这要归功于橡胶缓冲器)，它在减少振动方面做出了惊人的贡献。 放入所有驱动器后，将其滑回到NAS中。

NAS存放在哪里 (Where to Park Your NAS)

With the drives in your NAS, it’s time to take a peek at the back of the NAS to see where everything will be plugged in, and talk briefly about where you’ll place it in your home. First, here’s the backside.

有了NAS中的驱动器，现在就可以窥视一下NAS的背面，以查看所有设备的插入位置，并简短地讨论将其放置在家里的位置。 首先，这是背面。

On this particular model you’ll find a power jack, two LAN ports, an eSATA port, two USB ports (which can be used both for storage expansion and backup as well as using your Synology as a print server), and, of course, the cooling fans. Why two LAN ports on the larger premium models? If you’re using those models in a high-demand environment (e.g. your Synology is the file server for a large household or organization that is accessing the NAS simultaneously) you can use both LAN connections for a significant throughput boost. This kind of arrangement shines when multiple people are all streaming HD video at once but is less important if you’re the only one streaming video to a single destination.

在此特定型号上，您将找到电源插座，两个LAN端口，一个eSATA端口，两个USB端口(可用于存储扩展和备份以及将Synology用作打印服务器)，当然，冷却风扇。 为什么较大的高级机型上有两个LAN端口？ 如果您在高要求的环境中使用这些型号(例如，Synology是同时访问NAS的大型家庭或组织的文件服务器)，则可以使用两个LAN连接来显着提高吞吐量。 当多个人同时流式传输高清视频时，这种安排会大放异彩，但如果您是到单个目的地的唯一一个流式视频，则这种安排就显得不那么重要了。

With that in mind let’s talk about NAS placement. Wherever you place the NAS it should be, ideally, a cooler area of your home (ground floor and basements are great, stuffy attic guestrooms are not) with hardline access to your router or network switch. If you’re a mostly-wireless household, this means you may be limited to placing your NAS next to wherever the router is installed.

考虑到这一点，让我们讨论一下NAS的放置。 无论您将NAS放在何处，理想情况下都应该是家中较凉的区域(地下和地下室很大，阁楼房间不是闷热的地方)，可以通过硬线访问路由器或网络交换机。 如果您是无线家庭，这意味着您可能只能将NAS放置在路由器安装位置附近。

首次启动设置：配置NAS (First Boot Setup: Configuring Your NAS)

Once you’ve found the right spot for your NAS and wired it all up, it’s time to boot it up for the first time. Unlike a traditional computer, there won’t be a mouse, keyboard, and monitor attached. When you press the power button, it will boot up quickly and then just sit there (don’t be alarmed if you don’t hear a thing, we can’t hear the fans on our unit unless we have our ear a few inches from the back of it).

找到适合您的NAS的位置并将其全部连接好之后，就该第一次启动它了。 与传统计算机不同，不会连接鼠标，键盘和显示器。 当您按下电源按钮时，它将快速启动，然后坐在那里(如果您什么也没听到，请不要惊慌，除非我们的耳朵只有几英寸的距离，否则我们听不到风扇的声音)从它的背面)。

After powering it on, head to any computer that’s on your local network (Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection is fine, so long as it’s on the same network as the NAS). Open your web browser and head to http://find.synology.com, this will pull up the Web Assistant startup wizard, seen below. Click “Connect” to start the process of configuring your Synology NAS.

打开电源后，转到本地网络上的任何计算机(只要与NAS在同一网络上，以太网或Wi-Fi连接就可以了)。 打开您的Web浏览器并转到http://find.synology.com ，这将拉起Web Assistant启动向导，如下所示。 单击“连接”开始配置Synology NAS。

The first step is the naming of your server and the creation of the administration account. There’s a couple things to consider on this step. FIrst, your server name is how your NAS will appear on your network and will be listed in various applications. A compact name that is easy to type out like, say, “blackbox” or “diskstation” is preferable to longer names with spaces like “Miltons Magic Download Fun Time Box”.

第一步是服务器的命名和管理帐户的创建。 在此步骤中需要考虑几件事。 首先，服务器名称是NAS在网络上的显示方式以及在各种应用程序中列出的方式。 易于键入的紧凑名称，例如“ blackbox”或“ diskstation”，比带有“ Miltons Magic Download Fun Time Box”的空格的较长名称更可取。

Your username and password can be anything you want, but here’s a pro tip for Windows users: if you make the username and password for the administration account of your NAS the same the username and password of your Windows PC, then you’ll be able to seamlessly access all the network shares on the NAS from your Windows PC without entering a password or username.

您的用户名和密码可以是您想要的任何东西，但这是Windows用户的提示：如果您将NAS管理帐户的用户名和密码设置为与Windows PC的用户名和密码相同，那么您就可以无需输入密码或用户名即可从Windows PC无缝访问NAS上的所有网络共享。

In the next step, you can create a Synology account and a Quick Connect ID. This step is not required, however, if you plan on accessing your Synology NAS outside your network for any purpose (and there are a variety of reasons you may wish to do so like accessing your files while away from home, backing up vacation photos, or sharing files with friends) this is a handy way to skip fiddling with configuration settings later. QuickConnect is Synology’s free included-with-your-NAS Dynamic DNS service that allows you to always dial home to your NAS with an easy to remember addresses like http://quickconnect.to/yourNASname instead of your home IP address.

在下一步中，您可以创建一个Synology帐户和一个快速连接ID。 但是 ，如果您出于任何目的计划在网络外部访问Synology NAS，则不需要执行此步骤(出于多种原因，您可能希望这样做，例如出门在外访问文件，备份度假照片，或与朋友共享文件)，这是一种方便的方式，以后可以省去摆弄配置设置的麻烦。 QuickConnect是Synology随NAS附带的免费免费动态DNS服务，可让您始终使用容易记住的地址(例如http://quickconnect.to/ yourNASname)而不是家庭IP地址来拨号到NAS。

After setting up (or skipping) the Quick Connect step, you’ll be prompted to install some core application packages. You can also skip this step and pick them one by one later, but given the utility of the core packages, we suggest installing them all (they take up a trivial amount of space when installed).

设置(或跳过)“快速连接”步骤后，系统将提示您安装一些核心应用程序包。 您也可以跳过此步骤，以后再逐步选择它们，但是鉴于核心软件包的实用性，我们建议全部安装它们(安装时它们占用的空间很小)。

Once you install (or skip), you’re done with the basic setup process and the wizard will close.

安装(或跳过)后，完成基本的设置过程，向导将关闭。

DiskStation Manager的入门知识：基础知识 (Getting Around DiskStation Manager: The Basics)

After this last step, you’ll be prompted to take a very brief tour of the DiskStation Manager interface. Let’s look at a few of those key areas now. Here’s what the “desktop” of the DiskStation Manager looks like. There’s access to applications with a shortcut and menu system, notifications in the upper right corner, and a system health and resource monitor in the lower right corner.

最后一步之后，系统将提示您对DiskStation Manager界面进行非常简短的浏览。 现在让我们看一些关键领域。 这是DiskStation Manager的“桌面”外观。 可以访问带有快捷方式和菜单系统，右上角的通知以及右下角的系统运行状况和资源监视器的应用程序。

On the left hand side, you have a main menu and desktop shortcuts. The Start Menu-like button at the top of the screen will pull up all your apps, but there’s direct access to four frequently used apps right on the desktop: Package Center, Control Panel, File Station, and DSM Help, as seen below.

在左侧，您有一个主菜单和桌面快捷方式。 屏幕顶部的类似于“开始菜单”的按钮将拉起您所有的应用程序，但可以直接在桌面上直接访问四个常用的应用程序：“软件包中心”，“控制面板”，“ File Station”和“ DSM帮助”，如下所示。

The Package Center is where you can install, update, and remove applications. If you see notifications from the Package Center, this indicates that one or more of your installed applications needs updating.

您可以在Package Center中安装，更新和删除应用程序。 如果您从“打包中心”看到通知，则表明您已安装的一个或多个应用程序需要更新。

The File Station is file manager that allows you to easily create and browse folders on your NAS with support for file manipulation (like cut, paste, move, and delete) built right into the right-click context menu.

File Station是文件管理器，可让您轻松创建和浏览NAS上的文件夹，并支持右键单击上下文菜单中内置的文件操作(如剪切，粘贴，移动和删除)。

The Control Panel is similar to the control panel on other operating systems, and includes settings for everything from the network configuration to usergroup management. The Control Panel is a great last stop for a setup tutorial, as it allows us to show you how to update the operating system of your NAS before sending you off to play around with it. Once you’ve opened the Control Panel by clicking on it, click on the “Update & Restore” icon in the “System” section.

控制面板类似于其他操作系统上的控制面板，并包括从网络配置到用户组管理的所有设置。 “控制面板”是设置教程的最后一站，因为它可使我们向您展示如何更新NAS的操作系统，然后再派遣您使用它。 通过单击打开控制面板后，请单击“系统”部分中的“更新和还原”图标。

Here you’ll find any available core updates. Click “Download” to grab the update and then once it has downloaded click “Install”.

在这里，您会找到所有可用的核心更新。 单击“下载”以获取更新，然后在下载后单击“安装”。

Your NAS will reboot and you’ll be running the most up-to-the-minute version of DiskStation Manager.

NAS将重新启动，并且您将运行最新版本的DiskStation Manager。

现在怎么办？ (What Now?)

At this point, you’ve got your new Synology NAS up and running. You may be asking yourself “But what about disk configuration? Formatting? Network shares? Why aren’t we setting that up?” Well, we aren’t setting it up because DiskStation Manager set it up automatically in the background for you. Based on the number of disks you insert during the initial setup, the NAS automatically selects the optimum configuration for those disk to maximize your storage potential (while still retaining redundancy with RAID). You can go into the settings menu and mess around with the configuration to allocate the disks differently, but unless you have a strong need to do so, we’d encourage you to stick with the space/redundancy optimized default.

至此，您的新Synology NAS已启动并运行。 您可能会问自己“磁盘配置如何？ 格式化？ 网络共享？ 我们为什么不设置呢？” 嗯，我们没有设置它，因为DiskStation Manager会在后台为您自动设置它。 根据您在初始设置过程中插入的磁盘数量，NAS会自动为这些磁盘选择最佳配置，以最大程度地发挥存储潜力(同时仍保留RAID冗余)。 您可以进入设置菜单并随意修改配置，以不同的方式分配磁盘，但是除非您有强烈的需求，否则我们建议您坚持使用空间/冗余优化默认值。

In addition, there are already network shares set up with the administrator account of your NAS as the default user. Further, if you installed the application packages, there are default directories for many of those packages already in place. You can browse these directories either in the File Station app seen in the previous section of the tutorial, or just by pointing the file explorer on your PC to the name of the network share. We named our Synology NAS “blackbox” so it’s accessible at \\blackbox\ in Windows, as seen below.

此外，已经使用NAS的管理员帐户作为默认用户设置了网络共享。 此外，如果您安装了应用程序软件包，则其中许多软件包都有默认目录。 您可以在本教程的上一部分中看到的File Station应用程序中浏览这些目录，也可以通过将PC上的文件浏览器指向网络共享的名称来浏览这些目录。 我们将Synology NAS命名为“ blackbox”，因此可以在Windows中的\\ blackbox \进行访问，如下所示。

With this basic setup out of the way you’re ready to use you’re ready to start exploring the installed packages (and the available packages) in the Package Center, as well as filling up your available storage with all that’s fit to back up.

通过基本设置，您就可以开始使用了，可以开始在Package Center中浏览已安装的软件包(以及可用的软件包)，并为所有可用的存储空间进行备份。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/318018/how-to-set-up-and-get-started-with-your-synology-nas/