章鱼体验第一天：思杰VDI之7.14.1
前言：因工作原因，也泡了一两年的桌面虚拟化，公有云等等，思杰和VmVare两个老大哥产品自然不在话下，当然价格也是让人接受不了。所以我们这些小众的VDI厂商还是有生存空间的(我们不可否认，我们国内厂商的实力也就那样)，我决定利用半个月的白天时间，着重体验思杰的VDI，有兴趣的朋友，可以跟进我的体验进度，一起学习。
先去思杰官网拿到激活码。然后准备阅读安装手册，手册我放在我的百度盘：
以下着重讲述我的安装过程：
一些什么更新日志我有空在补上
服务器配置需求：
|
Component |
Minimum |
|
All core components on one server, for an evaluation only, |
5 GB RAM |
|
All core components on one server, for a test deployment |
12 GB RAM |
|
Delivery Controller |
5 GB RAM |
|
Studio |
1 GB RAM |
|
Director |
2 GB RAM |
|
StoreFront |
2 GB RAM |
|
License Server |
2 GB RAM |
架构：
FlexCast Management Architecture (FMA)，基于这个架构，其实就跟vmvare那样可以管理多个版本。
关键元件（Site）：
Delivery Controller
The Delivery Controller is the central management component of a XenApp or XenDesktop Site. Each Site has one or
more Delivery Controllers. It is installed on at least one server in the data center. For Site reliability and availability,
Controllers should be installed on more than one server. If your deployment includes virtual machines hosted on a
hypervisor or cloud service, the Controller services communicate with the hypervisor to distribute applications and
desktops, authenticate and manage user access, broker connections between users and their virtual desktops and
applications, optimize use connections, and load-balance these connections.
传送控制器是XenApp or XenDesktop Site的一个中央管理元件。每个Site有一个或者多个传送控制器。在数据中心中至少有一个服务器安装了Site。为了SIte的可靠性和可利用性，控制器们应安装在多个服务器上。如果你的部署包括了跑在hypervisor上的虚拟机或者跑在云服务上，这个控制器服务会与hypervisor联系并发布应用和桌面，认证和管理用户连接，作为中间人创建用户和他们的虚拟机和应用间的联系，优化使用会话连接，并对会话连接负载均衡。
The Controller's Broker Service tracks which users are logged on and where, what session resources the users have,
and if users need to reconnect to existing applications. The Broker Service executes PowerShell cmdlets and
communicates with a broker agent on the VDAs over TCP port 80. It does not have the option to use TCP port 443.
Controller's Broker Service控制器中间件服务，追踪用户的登录和用户拥有的会话资源，即使用户想重新连接已有的应用。Broker Service 执行PowerShell 命令行和在VDAs通过TCP 80端口与broker agent 联系。它无法使用TCP 443端口。
The Monitor Service collects historical data and places it in the Monitor database. This service uses TCP port 80 or
443.
Monitor Service 收集历史数据和放它到Monitor数据库。这个service使用TCP 80端口或者443端口。
Data from the Controller services is stored in the Site database.
从Controller services 来的数据被保存在Site数据库。
The Controller manages the state of desktops, starting and stopping them based on demand and administrative
configuration. In some editions, the Controller allows you to install Profile management to manage user
personalization settings in virtualized or physical Windows environments.
Controller 管理桌面的状态，基于请求和管理配置的开关机。在一些版本中，Controller允许你去安装Profile 管理，由此你可以管理用户在虚拟或者物理机windows系统的个性化的设置。
Database
At least one Microsoft SQL Server database is required for every XenApp or XenDesktop Site to store configuration
and session information. This database stores the data collected and managed by the services that make up the
Controller. Install the database within your data center, and ensure it has a persistent connection to the Controller.
The Site also uses a Configuration Logging database and a Monitoring database. By default, these are installed in the
same location as the Site database, but you can change this.
至少要求一个微软SQL Server 数据库给到每个XenApp或者XenDesktop Site，由此可以存储配置文件和会话信息。这个数据库存储由控制器组成的服务收集和管理的数据。安装这个数据库在你的数据中心，并确保它持久地连接到Controller。
Site 也使用一个Configuration Logging 数据库 和一个 Monitoring 数据库。默认地，它们被安装在跟Site数据库同样的位置，但你也可以修改这个默认设置。
Virtual Delivery Agent (VDA)
The VDA is installed on each physical or virtual machine in your Site that you make available to users; those machines
can deliver applications or desktops. The VDA enables the machine to register with the Controller, which in turn allows
the machine and the resources it is hosting to be made available to users. VDAs establish and manage the connection
between the machine and the user device, verify that a Citrix license is available for the user or session, and apply
whatever policies have been configured for the session.
VDA在你的Site中安装在每个虚拟机或者物理机里头，可供用户使用；这些机子可以传送应用或者桌面。VDA开启这个装置去注册Controller，轮流地允许这个机子和这个资源尽可能的让用户使用。VDAs 建立并管理用户设备与这个机子之间，验证思杰的证书是可以使用的，并应用任何已配置的策略给到会话。
The VDA communicates session information to the Broker Service in the Controller through the broker agent included
in the VDA. The broker agent hosts multiple plugins and collects real-time data. It communicates with the Controller
over TCP port 80. It does not have the option to use TCP port 443.
凭借这个broker agent 包括在VDA里头，VDA会连接 到Controller中的Broker Service的会话信息。这个broker agent 容纳了多个插件和收集实时数据。它连接到Controller是通过TCP 80端口。它无法使用443端口。
The word "VDA" is often used to refer to the agent as well as the machine on which it is installed.
VDA 通常习惯也适用于当这个agent已被安装在这个机子上的时候。
VDAs are available for Windows server and desktop operating systems. VDAs for Windows server operating systems
allow multiple users to connect to the server at one time. VDAs for Windows desktop operating systems allow only
one user to connect to the desktop at a time. A Linux VDA is also available.
VDAs 适用windows的服务器和桌面操作系统。微软服务器系统的VDAs允许同一时间多个用户去连接到服务器。桌面操作系统中的VDAs仅仅允许一个用户在同一时间连接这个桌面。Linux的VDA也是支持的。
Citrix StoreFront
StoreFront authenticates users to Sites hosting resources, and manages stores of desktops and applications that
users access. It can host your enterprise application store, which gives users self-service access to the desktops and
applications that you make available to them. It also keeps track of users’ application subscriptions, shortcut names,
and other data to ensure users have a consistent experience across multiple devices.
StroreFront 授权用户到Sites 主机资源，并管理桌面的存储和yo过户连接的应用。它可以变成（取代？）你的企业应用程序的存储，这可以让用户自助连接到你给的桌面和应用程序。它也可以保存追踪用户的应用程序订阅，快捷方式的命名，和保存其他数据以确保用户在多样化的设备中有个一致性的体验
Citrix Receiver
Installed on user devices and other endpoints (such as virtual desktops), Citrix Receiver provides users with quick,
secure, self-service access to documents, applications, and desktops from any of the user's devices, including
smartphones, tablets, and PCs. Citrix Receiver provides on-demand access to Windows, Web, and Software as a
Service (SaaS) applications. For devices that cannot install Citrix Receiver software, Citrix Receiver for HTML5 provides
a connection through a HTML5-compatible web browser.
思杰接收器
安装在用户设备和其他终端（例如虚拟机），思杰接收器从任意用户设备中提供一个快捷安全，自主连接到证件，应用，桌面给到用户，包括智能手机，平板，PC电脑。思杰接收器提供按需连接到Windows，Web，和SaaS的应用程序。对于无法安装思杰接收器的设备，通过HTML5-compatible 网页浏览器，面向HTML5的思杰接收器可以提供了一个连接解决这个问题。
Citrix Studio
Studio is the management console that enables you to configure and manage your XenApp and XenDesktop
deployment, eliminating the need for separate management consoles for managing delivery of applications and
desktops. Studio provides various wizards to guide you through the process of setting up your environment, creating
your workloads to host applications and desktops, and assigning applications and desktops to users. You can also use
Studio to allocate and track Citrix licenses for your Site.
Studio gets the information it displays from the Broker Service in the Controller, communicating over TCP port 80.
Studio 是个管理控制台，它让你可以去配置和管理你的XenApp和XenDesktop部署，消除掉 对应用程序和桌面管理分发的要分离开管理控制台的需求。Studio提供大量的向导从头到尾去指引你设置你的环境，减少工作量，和分配应用程序和桌面给用户。你也可以使用Studio去分配和追踪你Site的思杰证书
Citrix Director
Director is a web-based tool that enables IT support and help desk teams to monitor an environment, troubleshoot
issues before they become system-critical, and perform support tasks for end users. You can use one Director
deployment to connect to and monitor multiple XenApp or XenDesktop Sites.
Director 是个基于web的工具，让IT支持和桌面协助团队可以监控环境，在他们变成system-critical和执行对最终用户的支持任务之前排查错误。你可以使用一个Director部署去连接并监控多个XenApp或者XenDesktop Sites
Director displays:
Real-time session data from the Broker Service in the Controller, which includes data the Broker Service gets
from the broker agent in the VDA.
从在Controller里头的Broker Service来的实时会话数据，这包含了Broker Services 从VDA中的broker agent获得的数据。
Historical Site data from the Monitor Service in the Controller.
历史Site数据来自Controller中的Monitor Service
Data about HDX traffic (also known as ICA traffic) captured by HDX Insight from the NetScaler, if your
deployment includes a NetScaler and your XenApp or XenDesktop edition includes HDX Insight.
You can also view and interact with a user's sessions through Director, using Windows Remote Assistance.
HDX流量数据(ICA流量)将被来自NetScaler的HDX Insight捕捉，如果你的部署包含NetScaler并你的XenApp或者XenDesktop版本包含HDX Insight。通过Director，你也可以查看和跟用户会话交互，使用的是Windows 远程协助。
Citrix License Server
The License Server manages your Citrix product licenses. It communicates with the Controller to manage licensing for
each user's session and with Studio to allocate license files. You must create at least one license server to store and
manage your license files.
证书服务器管理你的思杰产品证书。它联系Controller去管理每个用户会话的授权并随着Studio去分配授权文件。你必须创建至少一个授权服务器去存储管理你的授权文件。
Hypervisor or cloud service
The hypervisor or cloud service hosts the virtual machines in your Site. These can be the VMs you use to host
applications and desktops, as well as VMs you use to host the XenApp and XenDesktop components. A hypervisor is
installed on a host computer dedicated entirely to running the hypervisor and hosting virtual machines.
XenApp and XenDesktop support a variety of hypervisors and cloud services.
Although many XenApp and XenDesktop deployments require a hypervisor, you don't need one to provide Remote PC
Access or when you are using Provisioning Services (included with some editions of XenApp and XenDesktop) instead
of Machine Creation Services (MCS) to provision VMs.
hypervisor和云服务 运行虚拟机到你的Site里头。你可以使用这些虚拟机去host 应用程序和桌面，也可以去host XenApp and XenDesktop元件。一个hypervisor被安装在一台主机电脑，这电脑完全专注于运行hypervisor和host 虚拟机。
XenApp and XenDesktop 支持大量的Hypervisor和云服务。
尽管许多XenApp and XenDesktop 的部署会要求一个hypervisor，你并不需要它去提供Remote PC Access， 或者 当你正使用Provisioning Services（包含一些XenApp and XenDesktop版本）而不是使用MCS去供应虚拟机时候，其实也用不到hypervisor。
For more information about:
Ports, see Network ports.
Databases, see Databases
Windows services in XenApp and XenDesktop components, see Configure user rights.
Supported hypervisors and cloud services, see System requirements.
Additional components额外的元件
The following additional components, not shown in the illustration above, can also be included in XenApp or XenDesktop
deployments. For more information, see their documentation.
接下来的额外元件，上面都没介绍过的，可以也被包含在XenApp or XenDesktop部署中。如果要详细了解，请参考它们的相关文档。
Provisioning Services (PVS)
PVS is an optional component of XenApp and XenDesktop available with some editions. It provides an alternative to
MCS for provisioning virtual machines. Whereas MCS creates copies of a master image, PVS streams the master image
to user device. PVS doesn’t require a hypervisor to do this, so you can use it to host physical machines. When PVS is
included in a Site, it communicates with the Controller to provide users with resources.
PVS 是个可选元件。它提供了个对MCS的备选方案去供应虚拟机。然而MCS对主image创建了副本，PVS让这个主image流动到用户设备。PVS 不要求一个hypervisor去做这个动作，所以你可以使用它去host 个物理机。当PVS被包含在某个Site，它联系Controller去提供资源给用户。
NetScaler Gateway
When users connect from outside the corporate firewall, XenApp and XenDesktop can use Citrix NetScaler Gateway
(formerly Access Gateway) technology to secure these connections with TLS. The NetScaler Gateway or NetScaler
VPX virtual appliance is an SSL VPN appliance that is deployed in the demilitarized zone (DMZ) to provide a single
secure point of access through the corporate firewall.
当用户连接外部防火墙时候，XenApp and XenDesktop可以使用思杰 NetScaler Gateway（以前叫做连接网关）技术去使用TLS确保这些连接安全。NetScaler Gateway or NetScaler VPX虚拟化应用是个SSL VPN 应用，这个是部署在DMZ区域，通过协作外部防火墙去提供一个单点安全连接。
NetScaler SD-WAN
In deployments where virtual desktops are delivered to users at remote locations such as branch offices, Citrix
NetScaler SD-WAN (formerly Citrix CloudBridge, Branch Repeater, or WANScaler) technology can be employed to
optimize performance. Repeaters accelerate performance across wide-area networks, so with repeaters in the
network, users in the branch office experience LAN-like performance over the WAN. NetScaler SD-WAN can prioritize
different parts of the user experience so that, for example, the user experience does not degrade in the branch
location when a large file or print job is sent over the network. HDX WAN optimization provides tokenized
compression and data deduplication, dramatically reducing bandwidth requirements and improving performance.
不译
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