yum更换本地源、yum下载和源码包安装

7.6 yum更换国内源

恢复系统默认yum源配置：

[root@gaohanwei Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls
dvd.repo
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* .
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

自定义yum源：

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo先删除默认yum源，然后使用wget命令建立新yum源：[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
-bash: wget: 未找到命令此时wget命令未安装，同时删除了yum源文件，无法安装wget包。
所以用下面的方法：“curl命令”[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  CurrentDload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0   8959      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  8982
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

说明：执行完curl命令后，原有yum源文件CentOS-Base.repo被替换成CentOS7-Base-163.repo。查看该yum源文件：

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo
#
#  CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates"CentOS7-Base-163.repo" 41L, 1572C

其镜像文件地址更换为：“baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/”。

注：该过程中使用的yum源需要事先下载。

7.7 yum下载rpm包

安装扩展源epel

安装一个扩展源文件（epel-release）即可：

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
……
已安装:epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 完毕！
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo      epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo    epel-testing.repo

安装完成后，yum.repos.d/下增加“epel.repo”、“epel-testing.repo”两个文件：

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
……

查看：

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# yum list
……
zulucrypt-doc.noarch                             5.0.1-1.el7                          epel
zulucrypt-libs.x86_64                            5.0.1-1.el7                          epel
zvbi.x86_64                                      0.2.35-1.el7                         epel     ……

增加了很多来自epel库的rpm包。

7.8下载rpm包

下载

命令：yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# yum install -y  zsh --downloadonly
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
……
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm                                         | 2.4 MB  00:00:02
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh
未安装软件包 zsh

即，该命令的含义就是只下载不安装。
下载的包默认保存位置为：

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

自定义下载目录
命令：

yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/(自定义目录)

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# yum install -y  zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

下载一个已经安装过的包：

[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# yum install -y  vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
软件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y  vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件：fastestmirror
……
[root@gaohanwei yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

说明：当下一个已经安装过的包时系统不会执行任何操作，此时可以使用“reinstall”来下该包。

7.8-7.9 源码包安装

先下载一个源码包！

注：今后所有源码包放到目录“/usr/local/src/”！！！

[root@gaohanwei src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
下载Apache！该地址来自于“阿铭码市”。
下载完后解压该文件：
[root@gaohanwei src]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
[root@gaohanwei src]# ls
httpd-2.2.32  httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz查看文件httpd-2.2.32的内容：[root@gaohanwei src]# cd httpd-2.2.32
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  CHANGES        httpd.dsp       libhttpd.dep  NOTICE            server
acinclude.m4  config.layout  httpd.mak       libhttpd.dsp  NWGNUmakefile     srclib
Apache.dsw    configure      httpd.spec      libhttpd.mak  os                support
build         configure.in   include         LICENSE       README            test
BuildAll.dsp  docs           INSTALL         Makefile.in   README.platforms  VERSIONING
BuildBin.dsp  emacs-style    InstallBin.dsp  Makefile.win  README-win32.txt
buildconf     httpd.dep      LAYOUT          modules       ROADMAP

安装Apache：

①
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
……
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no当某命令运行结束后，使用"echo $?"检验其是否正确：[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
1
当该值为0时表示上一条命令正确，如果值为1则错误。
此处值为1，即上面命令错误，查看其安装过程发现“checking for gcc... no”——表示“gcc”编译器不存在，所以需要先安装gcc编译器：
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# yum install -y gcc
…………
完毕！
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
再次安装。
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0
检测，正确。
②
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# make   编译！
……
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0③
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# make install
……
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0
每次命令执行完后用“echo $?”进行检测，确保其正确。
安装完成！
查看其安装目录的内容：
[root@gaohanwei httpd-2.2.32]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules

注：下载源码包要到官方网站或可信任站点——安全！

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/13530586/2059277