STM32H743 驱动 W25Q256

一、使用STM32CubeMX配置QSPI接口

1、这里我们以四线QSPI为例

2、Parameter Settings

（1）Clock Prescaler：预分频系数n-1，Clock输入为100MHz，W25Q256最大支持104MHz，所以这里配为0，0+1=1分频；

（2）Fifo Threshold：因为采用的是四线QSPI，每个IO传输1Byte，一次可以传输4Byte；
（3）Sample Shifting：这里两种都可以设置，只有在DDR模式下必须设置为QSPI_SAMPLE_SHIFTING_NONE
（4）Flash Size：W25Q256总大小为256M-Bit = 32 M-Byte = 2 ^ 25 Byte，所以Flash Size取值24（25-1）；
（5）Chip Select High Time：该项表示在两次Commands之间CS必须保持高电平为多少个Clock，根据W25Q256 DataSheet可知tCSH >= 50ns，这里我们QSPI的时钟是100MHz，1Clock = 10ns，所以这里为5；

（6）Clock Mode：Low（QSPI_CLOCK_MODE_0）或者 High（QSPI_CLOCK_MODE_3）都是可以的，在DataSheet中随便找一个时序图就可以发现它同时支持Mode0和Mode3。

3、GPIO Setting

（1）pin脚按照自己使用的板子的原理图连接进行配置；
（2）这里需要特别注意的是GPIO的速度等级默认是Low，这样是无法达到我们预设的100MHz的，这里我们将其全部配置为Very High。

二、主要的指令以及初始化步骤

1、写使能 0x06

对Flash或者寄存器进行写操作是必须先使能

2、状态寄存器2的QE位置1 0x31

QE置位后，/WP与/HOLD作为IO2和IO3使用

3、进入QPI模式 0x38

进入后，指令、地址、数据都需要使用4线模式

4、进入4字节模式 0xB7

默认3字节，寻址范围2^23 = 16M，W25Q256有32M，所以需要4字节才能访问到全部Flash

5、设置读参数指令 0xC0

三、对HAL库的QSPI发送指令、发送数据和接收数据进行二次封装

/* 配置QSPI发送命令* instruction 命令* address 目的地址* dummy_cycle 空指令周期* instruction_mode 指令模式：QSPI_INSTRUCTION_NONE、QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE、QSPI_INSTRUCTION_2_LINES、QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES* address_mode 地址模式：QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE、QSPI_ADDRESS_1_LINE、QSPI_ADDRESS_2_LINE、QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINE* address_size 地址长度：QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS、QSPI_ADDRESS_16_BITS、QSPI_ADDRESS_24_BITS、QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS* data_mode 数据模式：QSPI_DATA_NONE、QSPI_DATA_1_LINE、QSPI_DATA_2_LINE、QSPI_DATA_4_LINE*/
void qspi_send_cmd(uint32_t instruction, uint32_t address, uint32_t dummy_cycle, uint32_t instruction_mode, uint32_t address_mode, uint32_t address_size, uint32_t data_mode) {QSPI_CommandTypeDef cmd_handler;cmd_handler.Instruction = instruction;cmd_handler.Address = address;cmd_handler.DummyCycles = dummy_cycle;cmd_handler.InstructionMode = instruction_mode;cmd_handler.AddressMode = address_mode;cmd_handler.AddressSize = address_size;cmd_handler.DataMode = data_mode;cmd_handler.SIOOMode = QSPI_SIOO_INST_EVERY_CMD; // 每次都发送指令cmd_handler.AlternateByteMode = QSPI_ALTERNATE_BYTES_NONE; // 无交替字节cmd_handler.DdrMode = QSPI_DDR_MODE_DISABLE; // 关闭DDR模式cmd_handler.DdrHoldHalfCycle = QSPI_DDR_HHC_ANALOG_DELAY;HAL_QSPI_Command(&hqspi, &cmd_handler, 0x10);
}uint8_t qspi_receive(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t data_len) {hqspi.Instance -> DLR = data_len - 1;if(HAL_QSPI_Receive(&hqspi, buf, 0x10) == HAL_OK) {return 0;}else {return 1;}
}uint8_t qspi_transmit(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t data_len) {hqspi.Instance -> DLR = data_len - 1;if(HAL_QSPI_Transmit(&hqspi, buf, 0x10) == HAL_OK) {return 0;}else {return 1;}
}

四、W25Q256操作函数库

这里包含对W25Q256的初始化、写入、读取和擦除等函数，注释详细，直接贴出来了，分为.c和.h两个文件：

w25qxx.c

#include "quadspi.h"
#include "w25qxx.h"// 4K bytes为一个Sector, 16个Sector为1个Blockuint16_t W25Q_TYPE = W25Q256;
uint8_t W25Q_QPI_MODE = 0; // QSPI模式标志：0 SPI模式；1 QPI模式void w25q_qspi_enable(void);
uint8_t w25q_read_status_reg(uint8_t command);
void w25q_write_status_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t data);
void w25q_write_enable(void);
void w25q_write_disable(void);
void w25q_wait_busy(void);
uint16_t w25q_read_id(void);void w25q_write_flash_page(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);
void w25q_erase_chip(void);
void w25q_erase_sector(uint32_t address);void w25q_init(void) {w25q_qspi_enable();W25Q_TYPE = w25q_read_id();if(W25Q_TYPE == W25Q256) {uint8_t status_reg3 = w25q_read_status_reg(3);if(status_reg3 & 0x01 == 0x00) { // 不是4字节地址模式，需进入w25q_write_enable();qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_Enable4ByteAddr, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);}w25q_write_enable();qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_SetReadParam, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);uint8_t temp = 0x30;qspi_transmit(&temp, 1);}
}void w25q_qspi_enable(void) { // 使能QSPI模式uint8_t status_reg2 = w25q_read_status_reg(2);if((status_reg2 & 0x02) == 0x00) {w25q_write_enable();status_reg2 |= 0x02;w25q_write_status_reg(2, status_reg2);}qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_EnterQPIMode, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);W25Q_QPI_MODE = 1;
}/* 状态寄存器说明* 状态寄存器1（默认0x00）：* 7   6  5  4   3   2   1   0* SPR RV TB BP2 BP1 BP0 WEL BUSY* SPR 默认0，状态寄存器保护位，配合WP使用* TB、BP2、BP1、BP0 FLASH区域写保护设置* WEL 写使能锁定* BUSY 忙标记位（1忙，0空闲）* 状态寄存器2：* 7   6   5   4   3   2   1  0* SUS CMP LB3 LB2 LB1 (R) QE SPR1* 状态寄存器3：* 7        6    5    4   3   2   1   0* HOLD/RST BRV1 DRV0 (R) (R) WPS ADP ADS*/
uint8_t w25q_read_status_reg(uint8_t reg) { // 读状态寄存器uint8_t byte, command;switch(reg) {case 1:command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg1;break;case 2:command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg2;break;case 3:command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg3;break;default:command = W25Q_ReadStatusReg1;break;}if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);else qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_1_LINE);qspi_receive(&byte, 1);return byte;
}void w25q_write_status_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t data) { // 写状态寄存器uint8_t command;switch(reg) {case 1:command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg1;break;case 2:command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg2;break;case 3:command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg3;break;default:command = W25Q_WriteStatusReg1;break;}if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);else qspi_send_cmd(command, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_1_LINE);qspi_transmit(&data, 1);
}void w25q_write_enable(void) { // W25Q写使能：将S1寄存器的WEL置位if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteEnable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);else qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteEnable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
}void w25q_write_disable(void) { // W25Q写禁止：将S1寄存器的WEL清零if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteDisable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);else qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_WriteDisable, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);
}void w25q_wait_busy(void) { // 等待空闲while((w25q_read_status_reg(1) & 0x01) == 0x01);
}uint16_t w25q_read_id(void) {uint8_t temp[2];if(W25Q_QPI_MODE) qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_ManufactDeviceID, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_24_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);else qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_ManufactDeviceID, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_1_LINE, QSPI_ADDRESS_24_BITS, QSPI_DATA_1_LINE);qspi_receive(temp, 2);return (temp[0] << 8) | temp[1];
}/* 读取FLASH，仅支持QPI模式* buf 数据存储区* address 开始读取的地址，最大32bit* length 读取的字节长度，最大65535*/
void w25q_read_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_FastReadData, address, 8, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);qspi_receive(buf, length);
}/* 在一页（0~65535）内写入少于256个字节的数据，在指定地址开始写入最大256个字节的数据* buf 数据存储区* address 开始读取的地址，最大32bit* length 读取的字节长度，最大256，不应该超过该页剩余的字节数*/
void w25q_write_flash_page(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {w25q_write_enable();qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_PageProgram, address, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS, QSPI_DATA_4_LINES);qspi_transmit(buf, length);w25q_wait_busy();
}/* 在指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据，但要确保地址不越界* 无检验写FLASH，必须确保所写地址范围内的数据全部为0xFF，否则在0xFF处写入的数据将失败，具有自动换页功能*/
void w25q_write_flash_no_check(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {uint16_t pageremain = 256 - address % 256; // 单页剩余字节数if(length <= pageremain) { // 不大于256个字节pageremain = length;}while(1) {w25q_write_flash_page(buf, address, length);if(length == pageremain) {break;}else {buf += pageremain;address += pageremain;length -= pageremain; // 减去已经写入了的字节数if(length > 256) { // 一次可以写入256个字节pageremain = 256;}else { // 不够256个字节pageremain = length;}}}
}/* 在指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据，但要确保地址不越界* 该函数带有自动擦除功能*/
uint8_t W25Q_BUFFER[4096];
void w25q_write_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length) {uint32_t secpos;uint16_t secoff, secremain, i;uint8_t *w25q_buf;w25q_buf = W25Q_BUFFER;secpos = address / 4096; // 扇区地址secoff = address % 4096; // 在扇区内的偏移secremain = 4096 - secoff; // 扇区剩余空间大小if(length <= secremain) { // 不大于4096个字节secremain = length;}while(1) {w25q_read_flash(w25q_buf, secpos * 4096, 4096); // 读出整个扇区的数据for(i = 0; i < secremain; i++) { // 校验数据if(w25q_buf[secoff + i] != 0xFF) break;}if(i < secremain) { // 需要擦除w25q_erase_sector(secpos); // 擦除这个扇区for(i = 0; i < secremain; i++) {w25q_buf[i + secoff] = buf[i];}w25q_write_flash_no_check(w25q_buf, secpos * 4096, 4096); // 写入整个扇区}else {w25q_write_flash_no_check(buf, address, secremain);}if(length == secremain) { // 写入完成break;}else {secpos++;secoff = 0;buf += secremain; // 指针偏移address += secremain; // 写地址偏移length -= secremain;if(length > 4096) secremain = 4096;else secremain = length;}}
}void w25q_erase_chip(void) { // 擦除整个芯片，等待时间超长w25q_write_enable();w25q_wait_busy();qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_ChipErase, 0, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_NONE, QSPI_ADDRESS_8_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);w25q_wait_busy();
}void w25q_erase_sector(uint32_t address) { // 擦除一个扇区，至少150msaddress *= 4096;w25q_write_enable();w25q_wait_busy();qspi_send_cmd(W25Q_SectorErase, address, 0, QSPI_INSTRUCTION_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_4_LINES, QSPI_ADDRESS_32_BITS, QSPI_DATA_NONE);w25q_wait_busy();
}

w25qxx.h

#ifndef __W25QXX_H
#define __W25QXX_H#define W25Q80    0XEF13
#define W25Q16  0XEF14
#define W25Q32  0XEF15
#define W25Q64  0XEF16
#define W25Q128 0XEF17
#define W25Q256 0XEF18extern uint16_t W25Q_TYPE;// 指令表
#define W25Q_WriteEnable      0x06
#define W25Q_WriteDisable     0x04
#define W25Q_ReadStatusReg1   0x05
#define W25Q_ReadStatusReg2   0x35
#define W25Q_ReadStatusReg3   0x15
#define W25Q_WriteStatusReg1  0x01
#define W25Q_WriteStatusReg2  0x31
#define W25Q_WriteStatusReg3  0x11
#define W25Q_ReadData         0x03
#define W25Q_FastReadData     0x0B
#define W25Q_FastReadDual     0x3B
#define W25Q_PageProgram      0x02
#define W25Q_BlockErase       0xD8
#define W25Q_SectorErase      0x20
#define W25Q_ChipErase        0xC7
#define W25Q_PowerDown        0xB9
#define W25Q_ReleasePowerDown 0xAB
#define W25Q_DeviceID         0xAB
#define W25Q_ManufactDeviceID 0x90
#define W25Q_JedecDeviceID    0x9F
#define W25Q_Enable4ByteAddr  0xB7
#define W25Q_Exit4ByteAddr    0xE9
#define W25Q_SetReadParam     0xC0
#define W25Q_EnterQPIMode     0x38
#define W25Q_ExitQPIMode      0xFFvoid w25q_init(void);
void w25q_read_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);
void w25q_write_flash(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);
void w25q_write_flash_no_check(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t address, uint16_t length);#endif