参考资料：

Hive常见问题汇总

啟動hive出錯，提示沒有權限

这里小编汇集，使用Hive时遇到的常见问题。 
1，执行#hive命令进入Hive CLI时报如下错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:444) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:672) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:616) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136) Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient

原因：因为没有正常启动Hive 的 Metastore Server服务进程。 
解决方法：启动Hive 的 Metastore Server服务进程，执行如下命令：

# hive --service metastore &
[1] 52460
Starting Hive Metastore Server
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/root/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/root/hadoop/apache-hive-0.14.0-bin/lib/hive-jdbc-0.14.0-standalone.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]

2，执行#hive命令进入Hive CLI时报如下错误：

FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. MetaException(message:javax.jdo.JDODataStoreException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'OPTION SQL_SELECT_LIMIT=DEFAULT' at line 1 at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJDOHelper.java:451) at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.getDataStoreConnection(JDOPersistenceManager.java:2259) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreDirectSql.trySetAnsiQuotesForMysql(MetaStoreDirectSql.java:166)

原因：可能是因为Hive连接Mysql的JDBC驱动版本有问题。Mysql版本是5.6.23，用的JDBC驱动是mysql-connector-java-5.0.3-bin.jar。 
解决方法：把mysql-connector-java-5.0.3-bin.jar换成mysql-connector-java-5.1.34-bin.jar，问题解决。

3，执行#hive命令进入Hive CLI时报如下错误： 
在hive1.1版本会有如下错：

# hive......
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:472) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:671) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:615) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136) Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:206) at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.<init>(Path.java:172) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:515) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:458) ... 8 more Caused by: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D at java.net.URI.checkPath(URI.java:1804) at java.net.URI.<init>(URI.java:752) at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:203) ... 11 more

原因：system:java.io.tmpdir 和system:user.name提示需要使用绝对路径

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D

解决方法： 
将conf/hive-site.xml中所有的system:java.io.tmpdir 和system:user.name都换成绝对路径。 
Hive-1.1.0版本中有以下四处：

<property><name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name><value>${system:java.io.tmpdir}/${system:user.name}</value> <description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name> <value>${system:java.io.tmpdir}/${hive.session.id}_resources</value> <description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.querylog.location</name> <value>${system:java.io.tmpdir}/${system:user.name}</value> <description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location</name> <value>${system:java.io.tmpdir}/${system:user.name}/operation_logs</value> <description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enabled</description> </property>

配置之后如下：

<property><name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name><value>/root/hadoop/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/iotmp/hive</value> <description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name> <value>/root/hadoop/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/iotmp/${hive.session.id}_resources</value> <description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.querylog.location</name> <value>/root/hadoop/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/iotmp/hive</value> <description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location</name> <value>/root/hadoop/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/iotmp/hive/operation_logs</value> <description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enabled</description> </property>

4，执行#hive命令进入Hive CLI时报如下错误： 
在hive1.1版本，对应的Hadoop版本是2.6。启动Hive时有如下错：

# hive......
[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expectedat jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101) at jline.TerminalFactory.get(TerminalFactory.java:158) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:229) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:221) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:209) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.getConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:773) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:715) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:675) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:615) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136) 

原因：因为在hadoop目录下存在老版本jline: 
/root/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar

解决方法：将hive下的新版本jline的JAR包拷贝到hadoop下：

#cp /hive/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/lib/jline-2.12.jar /root/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/

/root/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib -rw-r--r--. 1 20000 20000 87325 Nov 14 05:20 jline-0.9.94.jar.bak -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 213854 Apr 2 08:55 jline-2.12.jar

Hive CLI可以成功启动。

5，在Hive中执行SQL时，报如下错：

Diagnostic Messages for this Task:
Container launch failed for container_1431310046688_0001_02_000013 : org.apache.hadoop.yarn.exceptions.YarnException: Unauthorized request to start container.
This token is expired. current time is 1431311178863 found 1431311136701 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) 

原因：namenode和datanode的时间不一致，需要保证namenode和datanode的时间一致。