[MongoDB] 运维相关操作记录

前言

前段时间. 实战操作了下MongoDB. 在此将操作记录总结一下.

MongoDB 相关Bin

localhost:bin sean$ pwd
/Users/sean/Software/MongoDB/current/bin
localhost:bin sean$ ls
Untitled.js mongo       mongodump   mongofiles  mongooplog  mongoreplay mongos      mongotop
bsondump    mongod      mongoexport mongoimport mongoperf   mongorestore    mongostat

进入MongoDB的bin目录下, 我们发现MongoDB提供了如下工具.
PS: Windows平台部分命令没有, 需要安装单独的工具包。

mongod: mongoDB Server端.
mongo: client端
mongoimport 导入
mongoexport 导出

本篇主要就是基于mongo命令基础上, 后续进行操作.

连接

先通过--help看下基础命令.

localhost:bin sean$ ./mongo --help
MongoDB shell version v3.4.2
usage: ./mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
db address can be:foo                   foo database on local machine192.168.0.5/foo       foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine192.168.0.5:9999/foo  foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
Options:--shell                             run the shell after executing files--nodb                              don't connect to mongod on startup - no'db address' arg expected--norc                              will not run the ".mongorc.js" file onstart up--quiet                             be less chatty--port arg                          port to connect to--host arg                          server to connect to--eval arg                          evaluate javascript-h [ --help ]                       show this usage information--version                           show version information--verbose                           increase verbosity--ipv6                              enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)--disableJavaScriptJIT              disable the Javascript Just In Timecompiler--disableJavaScriptProtection       allow automatic JavaScript functionmarshalling--networkMessageCompressors arg     Comma-separated list of compressors touse for network messages--jsHeapLimitMB arg                 set the js scope's heap size limitAuthentication Options:-u [ --username ] arg               username for authentication-p [ --password ] arg               password for authentication--authenticationDatabase arg        user source (defaults to dbname)--authenticationMechanism arg       authentication mechanism--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)  Service name to use when authenticatingusing GSSAPI/Kerberos--gssapiHostName arg                Remote host name to use for purpose ofGSSAPI/Kerberos authenticationfile names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified

无密码参数
./mongo 127.0.0.1:27017
有密码授权
./mongo -u username -p password --authenticationDatabase authDataBaseName 127.0.0.1:27017

基本结构查询

查询数据库 - show dbs
查询数据库表 - show collections

简单查询

find() - db.col_name.find()

查询操作

pretty() - db.col_name.find().pretty()

将查询结果拆散. 更容易观看.

count() - db.col_name.find().count()

个数统计.

limit() - db.col_name.find().limit(num)

查询结果个数限制.

索引相关

表默认会根据'_id'字段建立索引. 如果需要建立其他索引, 可通过如下命令.

db.col_name.createIndex({"title":1})

内嵌函数体

$in 操作符使用

$in
The $in operator selects the documents where the valueof a field equals any >value in the specified array. To specify an$in expression, use the following >prototype:For comparison of different BSON type values, see the specifiedBSON >comparison order.{ field: { $in: [<value1>, <value2>, ... <valueN> ] } }
If the field holds an array, then the $in operatorselects the documents whose field holds an array that containsat least one element that matches a value in the specified array(e.g. <value1>, <value2>, etc.)上面这段话是摘自官方的解释，大概的意思就是说：field只要和array中的任意一个value相同，那么该文档就会被检索出来。也就是说mongoDB中$in的功能和sql中的in是相同的。

MongoDB之$in的用法

db.user.find({hobby:{$in:["足球","篮球"]  } })

$or & $all

> db.user.find({$or:[{name:"mike"},{name:"jack"}]} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4b0219efd687462f965"), "id" : 1, "name" : "jack", "age" : 73 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4b7219efd687462f966"), "id" : 2, "name" : "mike", "age" : 84, "gender" : "男" }> db.user.find({hobby:{$all:["足球"]  } })
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4c4219efd687462f968"), "id" : 4, "name" : "xiaogang", "age" : 34, "hobby" : [ "羽毛球", "篮球", "足球" ] }> db.user.find({hobby:{$all:["足球","羽毛球"]  } })
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5ca7a4c4219efd687462f968"), "id" : 4, "name" : "xiaogang", "age" : 34, "hobby" : [ "羽毛球", "篮球", "足球" ] }> db.user.find({hobby:{$all:["足球","桌球"]  } })

MongoDB 查询$关键字 $in $or $all

Others

ObjectId 与 String类型的Id

略. 值得注意的是MongoDB内的ID为ObjectID类型. 且长度固定24位. 不足24位的ID, MongoDB会将其指定为一个String类型. 这在查询的时候有所影响, 需要特别注意.

mongodb中的objectId和字符串id之间的转换

mongodb – 将ObjectID转换为mongo聚合中的字符串

MongoDB深究之ObjectId

Schema查询

MongoDB内是不存在Schema的概念的. 但是有的时候, 我们需要对其中对表结构进行统计. 这里, MongoDB提供了Varity.js进行查询. 具体操作如下:

安装过程

将variety.js安装到想要安装的相关目录.
https://github.com/variety/variety

操作过程

./mongo 192.168.10.1/TESTS --eval "var collection = 'TESTS ', query = {'mediaTypeId':'Atlas'} /opt/variety-master/variety.js

[2]. Variety.js

Reference

[1]. 菜鸟教程 - MongoDB 教程