创建基于vue的H5

技术选型
公司现在需要开发移动端的h5，使用现在比较流行的vue 2.0开发，使用的脚手架是Vant2，网络访问使用的是axios，路由跳转使用的是vue-router，开发工具是vscode，
vue cli
vue
vuex
vue中使用axios最详细教程
vue router

环境搭建

引入库
我这里已经安装好了nodejs，并且已经配置好了淘宝镜像

npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

vscode不能直接在工具里创建项目，要先创建一个空文件夹，然后通过vscode打开文件夹。
在E:\vueProject文件夹下创建VueForBlog文件夹，使用vscode打开（vscode默认只能打开一个项目，如果想打开多个，可以使用ctrl+shift+n），点击工具栏终端，新建终端，正式开始创建项目
终端输入

npm i vant@latest-v2 -S
npm install -g @vue/cli

创建脚手架项目

vue create first-vue
选择vue 2

创建完成以后，会是这个样子

记住，后边要cd到工程里，否则还是在工程外创建引用之类的
下边用同样的方法，引入axios，router，还有vant需要使用的 postcss-px-to-viewport，postcss-pxtorem，lib-flexible

npm install vue-router@3.0.7
npm install axios
npm install vuex
npm i -S amfe-flexible
npm install postcss postcss-pxtorem --save-dev
npm install postcss-px-to-viewport --save-dev
npm install --save less-loader less

配置环境
配置vant 的基础样式，方便引用vant的组件。在first\src\assets\style\下创建theme.less，内容

// Color Palette
@black: #000;
@white: #fff;
@gray-1: #f7f8fa;
@gray-2: #f2f3f5;
@gray-3: #ebedf0;
@gray-4: #dcdee0;
@gray-5: #c8c9cc;
@gray-6: #969799;
@gray-7: #646566;
@gray-8: #323233;
@red: #ee0a24;
@blue: #1989fa;
@orange: #ff976a;
@orange-dark: #ed6a0c;
@orange-light: #fffbe8;
@green: #07c160;// Gradient Colors
@gradient-red: linear-gradient(to right, #ff6034, #ee0a24);
@gradient-orange: linear-gradient(to right, #ffd01e, #ff8917);// Component Colors
@text-color: @gray-8;
@active-color: @gray-2;
@active-opacity: 0.7;
@disabled-opacity: 0.5;
@background-color: @gray-1;
@background-color-light: #fafafa;
@text-link-color: #576b95;// Padding
@padding-base: 4px;
@padding-xs: @padding-base * 2;
@padding-sm: @padding-base * 3;
@padding-md: @padding-base * 4;
@padding-lg: @padding-base * 6;
@padding-xl: @padding-base * 8;// Font
@font-size-xs: 10px;
@font-size-sm: 12px;
@font-size-md: 14px;
@font-size-lg: 16px;
@font-weight-bold: 500;
@line-height-xs: 14px;
@line-height-sm: 18px;
@line-height-md: 20px;
@line-height-lg: 22px;
@base-font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica, Segoe UI, Arial, Roboto, 'PingFang SC', 'miui', 'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;
@price-integer-font-family: Avenir-Heavy, PingFang SC, Helvetica Neue, Arial,sans-serif;// Animation
@animation-duration-base: 0.3s;
@animation-duration-fast: 0.2s;
@animation-timing-function-enter: ease-out;
@animation-timing-function-leave: ease-in;// Border
@border-color: @gray-3;
@border-width-base: 1px;
@border-radius-sm: 2px;
@border-radius-md: 4px;
@border-radius-lg: 8px;
@border-radius-max: 999px;

同样目录下，创建一个public.css，内容


body {background-color: #f8f8f9;min-height: 100vh;min-width: 100vw;
}
.padding-lr10 {padding: 0 10px;
}
.phoneContant header .van-nav-bar {text-align: center;line-height: 56px;background: #68c2bd;
}
h3 {font-size: 16px;
}
.phoneContant header .van-nav-bar .van-icon {font-size: 20px;color: #fff;
}
.phoneContant header .van-nav-bar__title {color: #fff;
}
.contant {padding: 0 10px;
}
.re {position: relative;
}
.cardContant {background: #f5f5f5;height: 78vh;width: 100%;clear: both;padding: 8px 0;
}
.hosImg {width: 60px !important;height: 60px !important;border-radius: 50%;
}

这里的内容，是根据项目中需要的样式自定义的
在vue.config.js里进行配置
访问资源路径，有个快捷方法，设置一个符号，用来直接指定到src目录下，比用.或者…方便，还不容易出错，同样在vue.config.js里，@就代表src目录

  chainWebpack: (config) => {config.resolve.alias.set("@", resolve("src"));config.plugin("html").tap((args) => {args[0].minify = false;return args;});},

vue.config.js

const path = require("path");
// const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require("compression-webpack-plugin");
// // 定义压缩文件类型
// const productionGzipExtensions = ["js", "css"];
// let timeStamp = new Date().getTime();function resolve(dir) {return path.join(__dirname, dir);
}
module.exports = {// 基本路径publicPath: "./",// 输出文件目录 不写则默认根目录outputDir: "dist",assetsDir: "static", // 静态资源目录 (js, css, img, fonts)lintOnSave: false,// eslint-loader 是否在保存的时候检查// lintOnSave: 'error',// devServer: {//   // development server port 8000//   port: 8000,//   // If you want to turn on the proxy, please remove the mockjs /src/main.jsL11//   proxy: {//     '/api/': {//       target: process.env.VUE_APP_APIUrl,//       changeOrigin: true//     }//   }// },// /assets/style/public.css.lesscss: {loaderOptions: {less: {lessOptions: {modifyVars: {// 或者可以通过 less 文件覆盖（文件路径为绝对路径）hack: `true; @import "@/assets/style/theme.less";`,},},},},},devServer: {// 设置主机地址// 设置默认端口port: 8080,// // 设置代理// proxy: {//   "/": {//     // target: "http://198.166.21.56:8080/",//     ws: true, // 支持ws协议；websocket的缩写；//     changeOrigin: true, // 是否跨域//     pathRewrite: {//       // 路径替换//       "^/api": "",//     },//   },// },},// use the full build with in-browser compiler?// https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/installation.html#Runtime-Compiler-vs-Runtime-only// compiler: false,// webpack配置// see https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/blob/dev/docs/webpack.md   webpack链接API，用于生成和修改webapck配置//部署打包html带引号chainWebpack: (config) => {config.resolve.alias.set("@", resolve("src"));config.plugin("html").tap((args) => {args[0].minify = false;return args;});},//压缩打包文件大小configureWebpack: (config) => {if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "Production") {// config.output.filename = `assets/js/[name].${timeStamp}.js`;// config.output.chunkFilename = `assets/js/[name].${timeStamp}.js`;config.plugins.push(new CompressionWebpackPlugin({algorithm: "gzip",test: new RegExp("\\.(" + productionGzipExtensions.join("|") + ")$"),threshold: 10240,minRatio: 0.8,}));}config.externals = {//   'vue': 'Vue',//   'vuex': 'Vuex',//   'vue-router': 'VueRouter',//   'element-ui': 'ELEMENT',//   'Axios': 'axios',//   'jquery': '$',//   'moment': 'moment',//   'js-cookie': 'Cookies',//   'echarts': 'echarts',//   'tinymce/tinymce': 'tinymce'};// }},// configureWebpack: (config) => {// webpack配置，值位对象时会合并配置，为方法时会改写配置//   if (debug) { // 开发环境配置//     config.devtool = 'cheap-module-eval-source-map'//   } else { // 生产环境配置//   }//   Object.assign(config, { // 开发生产共同配置//     resolve: {//       alias: {//         '@': path.resolve(__dirname, './src')//设置路径别名//         //...//       }//     }//   })// },// vue-loader 配置项// https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/options.html// vueLoader: {},// 生产环境是否生成 sourceMap 文件productionSourceMap: false,// css相关配置 配置高于chainWebpack中关于css loader的配置// css: {//   // 是否使用css分离插件 ExtractTextPlugin//   extract: true,//   // 开启 CSS source maps?是否在构建样式地图，false将提高构建速度//   sourceMap: false,//   // css预设器配置项//   loaderOptions: {},//   // 启用 CSS modules for all css / pre-processor files.//   modules: false// },// use thread-loader for babel & TS in production build// enabled by default if the machine has more than 1 cores 构建时开启多进程处理babel编译//parallel: require('os').cpus().length > 1,// 是否启用dll// See https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/blob/dev/docs/cli-service.md#dll-mode// dll: false,// PWA 插件相关配置// see https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/tree/dev/packages/%40vue/cli-plugin-pwa//pwa: {},// webpack-dev-server 相关配置// devServer: {//   open: process.platform === 'darwin',//   host: '0.0.0.0',//   port: 8080,//   https: false,//   hotOnly: false,//   proxy: null, // 设置代理//   before: app => { }// },// 第三方插件配置pluginOptions: {// ...},
};

lintOnSave: false,这个的意思就是关闭语法检查，要不然会很多报错，运行不起来
在first-vue目录下，新建一个.postcssrc.js，在里边配置postcss

module.exports = {plugins: {//...autoprefixer: {browsers: ["Android >= 4.0", "iOS >= 7"],},"postcss-pxtorem": {rootValue: 37.5, //vant-UI的官方根字体大小是37.5propList: ["*"],},},
};

底部安全区适配
在public目录下的index.html文件配置底部安全区适配

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head><meta base="/" id="base" /><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><metaname="viewport"content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, viewport-fit=cover,user-scalable=no"/><link rel="icon" href="<%= BASE_URL %>favicon.ico" /><title>首页</title></head><body><!-- 开启顶部安全区适配 --><van-nav-bar safe-area-inset-top /><div id="app"></div><!-- built files will be auto injected --><!-- 开启底部安全区适配 --><van-number-keyboard safe-area-inset-bottom /></body>
</html>
<script></script>

src目录下，新建router目录，下边新建index.js，对router进行配置

import Vue from "vue";
//路由
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import { asyncRouterMap } from "@/config/router.config";
Vue.use(VueRouter);
const routes = []const router = new VueRouter({routes: routes.concat(asyncRouterMap),mode: "hash",});export default router;

在src的config目录下，新建router.config，这个对应路由和相应的页面

export const asyncRouterMap = [{path: "/",component: () => import("@/components/Header.vue"),meta: { title: "首页" },// redirect: '/dashboard/workplace',redirect: "/home",children: [{path: "/home",name: "home",component: () => import("@/views/Home.vue"),hidden: true,meta: { title: "首页" },},{path: "/second",name: "second",component: () => import("@/views/Second.vue"),hidden: true,meta: { title: "第二页" },},],},{path: "*",redirect: "/home",hidden: true,},
];

src目录下，新建store目录，下边新建index.js，对vuex进行配置

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)const state = {openId:'',userStat:'0',identification:'',userInfo:{},active:'1',
}
const mutations = {setOpenid(state,payload){state.openId = payloadsessionStorage.setItem("openId", payload);},setUserStat(state,payload){state.userStat = payloadsessionStorage.setItem("userStat", payload);},setNumber(state,index) {state.active = index;}
}const action = {}
export default new Vuex.Store({state,mutations,action,
})

对App.vue进行修改

<template><div id="app"><router-view></router-view></div>
</template><script>export default {name: 'App',}
</script><style>
#app {height: 100%;
}
.el-header,
.el-footer {background-color: #b3c0d1;color: #333;text-align: center;line-height: 60px;
}body > .el-container {margin-bottom: 40px;
}
</style>

我现在需要对一个头部组件进行封装，因为每个页面都有头部导航栏，所以封装成一个组件
在components目录里，新建Header.vue

<template><div class="phoneContant"><header><van-nav-barclass="personheader":fixed="true":placeholder="true":safe-area-inset-top="true":title="$route.meta.title"left-text="":left-arrow="true"@click-left="back"/></header><router-view></router-view></div>
</template><script>var config = {isAndroid: /Android/i.test(navigator.userAgent), //判断是否为移动端isIos: !!navigator.userAgent.match(/\(i[^;]+;( U;)? CPU.+Mac OS X/), //判断是否为IOS
};export default {name: "Headers",//import引入的组件需要注入到对象中才能使用components: {},data() {//这里存放数据return {title: "",};},//监听属性 类似于data概念computed: {},//监控data中的数据变化watch: {$route: {handler(newRouter, fromRouter) {},immediate: true,},},//方法集合methods: {back() {this.$router.go(-1);return false;},},//生命周期 - 创建完成（可以访问当前this实例）created() {let cont = window.history.length;console.log("window.history.length-----------------roomstep");console.log(cont);},//生命周期 - 挂载完成（可以访问DOM元素）mounted() {},beforeCreate() {}, //生命周期 - 创建之前beforeMount() {}, //生命周期 - 挂载之前beforeUpdate() {}, //生命周期 - 更新之前updated() {}, //生命周期 - 更新之后beforeDestroy() {}, //生命周期 - 销毁之前destroyed() {}, //生命周期 - 销毁完成activated() {}, //如果页面有keep-alive缓存功能，这个函数会触发
};
</script>

在main.js里进行引入vant和css样式，以及其他组件

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import "@/assets/style/public.css";
import router from "@/router";
import Vant from "vant";
import store from './store'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import "vant/lib/index.less";
import "@/assets/style/public.css";
Vue.config.productionTip = false
import {GET,GETRESET,POST,PUT,DELETE,POSTJSON,PUTJSON
} from './service/index'
Vue.prototype.$http = {GET,GETRESET,POST,PUT,DELETE,POSTJSON,PUTJSON
};
Vue.use(Vant);
Vue.use(Vuex);
new Vue({router,render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')

在src下创建一个views文件夹，新建两个vue，Home.vue和Second.vue，内容很简单
Home.vue

<template><div class="phoneContant"><van-button type="warning" @click="goToNext">进入下一页</van-button></div>
</template><script>export default {name: "Home",data() {return {msg: "我是首页",};},methods: {goToNext() {this.$router.push("/second");},},
};
</script><style>
</style>

Second.vue


<template>
<div>{{msg}}
</div></template><script>
export default {data(){return{msg:"第二页"}}
}
</script><style></style>

运行

命令行输入npm run serve

网络封装

对axios进行封装一下，方便使用。在src下新建service文件夹，utils下新建index.js

import axios from "axios";
import { Notify } from "vant";
import QS from 'qs'
import router from "@/router";const baseURL =BaseUrl// process.env.NODE_ENV === "development" ? "/api" : window.productionUrl;
//创建axios实例
const service = axios.create({baseURL, // api的base_url  window.productionUrlwithCredentials: true,timeout: 30000, // 请求超时时间
});// 发送请求拦截器
service.interceptors.request.use((config) => {const Nonce =Math.ceil(+new Date() / 1000) + "" + Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10000);const CurTime = Math.floor(+new Date() / 1000).toString();config.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json;charset=UTF-8";return config;},(error) => {return Promise.reject(error);}
);//发送请求响应拦截
service.interceptors.response.use((response) => {const res = JSON.parse(CryptoJS.decrypt(response.data));// 错误的status情况// console.log(res);if (!res.result) {Notify({ type: "danger", message: res.message || "error" });return Promise.reject(res.message || "error");} else {return res;}},(error) => {Notify({ type: "danger", message: error.message || "error" });return Promise.reject(error);}
);
/*** get方法，对应get请求GET * @param {String} url [请求的url地址]* @param {Object} params [请求时携带的参数]*/
export function GET(url, params) {url = serviceAdapter(url);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {axios.get(url, {params: params,paramsSerializer: function (params) {return QS.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'repeat'})}}, ).then(res => {// console.log(res)// if (!res.data && typeof (res.data) != "undefined") {//     res.data.data.rows = []// }// if (!res.data.data && typeof (res.data.data) != "undefined" && res.data.data != 0) {//     res.data.data = []// }resolve(res);}).catch(err => {reject(err)})});
}
export function GETRESET(url, params) {url = serviceAdapter(url);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {axios.get(url, {params: params,paramsSerializer: function (params) {return QS.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'repeat'})}}, ).then(res => {// if (res.data.data === null) {//     res.data.data = " "; //返回值是null的// }// if (!res.data.data.rows && typeof (res.data.data.rows) != "undefined" && res.data.data.rows != 0) {//     res.data.data.rows = []// }// if (!res.data.data && typeof (res.data.data) != "undefined" && res.data.data != 0) {//     res.data.data = []// }resolve(res);}).catch(err => {reject(err)})})
}/*** post方法，对应post请求* @param {String} url [请求的url地址]* @param {Object} params [请求时携带的参数]*/
export function POST(url, params) {url = serviceAdapter(url);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {axios.post(url, QS.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'repeat'})).then(res => {resolve(res);}).catch(err => {reject(err)})});
}/*** postJson方法，对应post请求* @param {String} url [请求的url地址]* @param {Object} params [请求时携带的参数]*/
export function POSTJSON(url, params) {url = serviceAdapter(url);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {axios.post(url, params).then(res => {resolve(res);}).catch(err => {reject(err)})});
}/*** put方法，对应put请求* @param {String} url [请求的url地址]* @param {Object} params [请求时携带的参数]*/
export function PUT(url, params) {url = serviceAdapter(url);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {axios.put(url, QS.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'repeat'})).then(res => {resolve(res);}).catch(err => {reject(err)})});
}/*** PUTJSON方法，对应put请求* @param {String} url [请求的url地址]* @param {Object} params [请求时携带的参数]*/
export function PUTJSON(url, params) {url = serviceAdapter(url);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {axios.put(url, params).then(res => {resolve(res);}).catch(err => {reject(err)})});
}/*** delete方法，对应delete请求* @param {String} url [请求的url地址]* @param {Object} params [请求时携带的参数]*/
export function DELETE(url, params) {url = serviceAdapter(url);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {axios.delete(url, {params: params,paramsSerializer: params => {return QS.stringify(params, {indices: false})}}).then(res => {resolve(res);}).catch(err => {reject(err)})});
}
export default service;

结语

现在只是搭建了工程，如果没有缺少步骤的话，应该是可以运行起来的，剩下的还有很多工作要做。。。

补充

是因为版本问题，是你安装了最新的vuex 4 以上导致：
解决办法：安装3系列的：
先卸载安装的 4 版本的vuex
npm uninstall vuex
安装 3.6.2版本的
npm install --save vuex@3.6.2