C# Winform画图

实验二：用winform实现画图

实验目的

构造属于你的专属画图程序，可参考系统自带的绘图板

环境

操作系统： Windows 10 X64
IDE： visual studio 2017
语言：C#

界面布局及控件使用

整个页面：Panel
文件菜单：MenuStrip
主页，查看菜单：TabControl
绘图板：PictureBox
控制绘图板大小：PictureBox
工具、图形按钮：Button
粗细：Label
实线虚线：Label
填充按钮：Label
功能模块分区：Panel
功能模块分区的名字 :Label
颜色板：自定义控件名为 userControl1
左下角的实时坐标：StatusStrip
按钮的文本提示： ToolTip

界面展示

Point1–画布画板

画布相当于一张纸，我们使用两张纸，一张originalimage用于保留最终绘图并贴在画板上；一张interimage用于保存中间绘图痕迹。
比如画一个矩形

画图前先将中间画布初始化为原始画布（去掉绘图痕迹）
将矩形画在在中间画布
在鼠标释放时将中间画布复制给原始画布
将原始画布贴到画板上

Point2–颜色板的实现

新建及使用

新建项目->选择visual C# ->Windows 桌面 ->Windows窗体控件库
完成编辑后，在项目文件中找到 bin文件下的后缀为.dll的文件拖拽进工具箱即可。

完成效果：

使用的控件：

颜色按钮：Button
编辑颜色按钮：ColorDialog
颜色1,2面板：Panel

功能实现：

选择颜色，判断改变颜色1还是颜色2

  private void button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{Button currentButton = (Button)sender;currentLabel.BackColor = currentButton.BackColor; if(currentLabel==label1){label1.BackColor = currentButton.BackColor;color1 = currentButton.BackColor;}else{label7.BackColor = currentButton.BackColor;color2 = currentButton.BackColor;}
}

颜色1颜色2切换
方法：设置一个currentlabel指向当前颜色label

   private void color1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){currentLabel = label1;label3.BackColor = Color.PowderBlue;label4.BackColor = Color.Transparent;}private void color2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){currentLabel = label7;label4.BackColor = Color.PowderBlue;label3.BackColor = Color.Transparent;}

colordialog 调用颜色对话框，并将颜色添加到可用按钮中
重点：colorDialog1.ShowDialog()

 private void makecolor_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (colorDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK){Color mycolor = colorDialog1.Color;for (int i = 0; i < haveUse; i++){if (allButton[i].BackColor == mycolor)//与第i个重复，则从第i+1个到num-1个都向前移动一格{for (int k = i; k < NUM - 1; k++){allButton[k].BackColor = allButton[k + 1].BackColor;}haveUse--;break;}}if (haveUse == NUM)//已经满了，前移一格{for (int i = 0; i < NUM - 1; i++){allButton[i] = allButton[i + 1];}allButton[NUM - 1].BackColor = mycolor;haveUse++;}else//还没满{allButton[haveUse].BackColor = mycolor;allButton[haveUse].Enabled = true;haveUse++;}}}

Point3–绘制图形

重点：绘制图形的函数

        //使用Graphics对象实现switch (type){case "nonerh"://无填充菱形{PointF[] pointFs = { new PointF(leftX + width / 2, leftY), new PointF(leftX, leftY + height / 2), new PointF(leftX + width / 2, leftY + height), new PointF(leftX + width, leftY + height / 2) };interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointFs);break;}case "solidrh"://纯色菱形{PointF[] pointFs = { new PointF(leftX + width / 2, leftY), new PointF(leftX, leftY + height / 2), new PointF(leftX + width / 2, leftY + height), new PointF(leftX + width, leftY + height / 2) };interGraphics.FillPolygon(new SolidBrush(backcolor), pointFs);interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointFs);break;}case "hatchrh"://圆点填充{PointF[] pointFs = { new PointF(leftX + width / 2, leftY), new PointF(leftX, leftY + height / 2), new PointF(leftX + width / 2, leftY + height), new PointF(leftX + width, leftY + height / 2) };interGraphics.FillPolygon(new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.LargeConfetti, backcolor, Color.White), pointFs);interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointFs);break;}case "nonetriangle"://无填充等腰三角形{PointF[] pointfs = { new PointF((startPoint.X + currentPoint.X) / 2, startPoint.Y), new PointF(startPoint.X, currentPoint.Y), currentPoint };interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointfs);break;}case "solidtriangle"://纯色填充等腰三角形{PointF[] pointfs = { new PointF((startPoint.X + currentPoint.X) / 2, startPoint.Y), new PointF(startPoint.X, currentPoint.Y), currentPoint };interGraphics.FillPolygon(new SolidBrush(backcolor), pointfs);interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointfs);break;}case "hatchtriangle"://圆点填充等腰三角形{PointF[] pointfs = { new PointF((startPoint.X + currentPoint.X) / 2, startPoint.Y), new PointF(startPoint.X, currentPoint.Y), currentPoint };interGraphics.FillPolygon(new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.LargeConfetti, backcolor, Color.White), pointfs);interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointfs);break;}case "nonetriangle2"://无填充直角三角形{PointF[] pointfs = { startPoint, new PointF(startPoint.X, currentPoint.Y), currentPoint };interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointfs);break;}case "solidtriangle2"://纯色填充直角三角形{PointF[] pointfs = { startPoint, new PointF(startPoint.X, currentPoint.Y), currentPoint };interGraphics.FillPolygon(new SolidBrush(backcolor), pointfs);interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointfs);break;}case "hatchtriangle2"://圆点填充直角三角形{PointF[] pointfs = {startPoint, new PointF(startPoint.X, currentPoint.Y), currentPoint };interGraphics.FillPolygon(new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.LargeConfetti, backcolor, Color.White), pointfs);interGraphics.DrawPolygon(mypen, pointfs);break;}case "noneline"://直线interGraphics.DrawLine(mypen, startPoint, currentPoint);break;case "nonerectangle"://无填充矩形interGraphics.DrawRectangle(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height);break;case "noneellipse"://无填充椭圆{               interGraphics.DrawEllipse(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height);break;}case "nonearc"://弧线{                   if (width != 0 && height != 0)interGraphics.DrawArc(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height, 0, 180);break;}case "nonepie"://无填充饼形{if (width != 0 && height != 0)interGraphics.DrawPie(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height, 0, 180);break;}case "solidrectangle"://纯色填充矩形{interGraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(backcolor), leftX, leftY, width, height);interGraphics.DrawRectangle(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height);break;}case "solidellipse"://纯色填充椭圆{interGraphics.FillEllipse(new SolidBrush(backcolor), leftX, leftY, width, height);interGraphics.DrawEllipse(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height);break;}case "solidpie"://纯色填充饼形{if (width != 0 && height != 0){interGraphics.FillPie(new SolidBrush(backcolor), leftX, leftY, width, height, 0, 180);interGraphics.DrawPie(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height, 0, 180);}break;}case "hatchrectangle"://圆点填充矩形{interGraphics.FillRectangle(new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.LargeConfetti,backcolor,Color.White), leftX, leftY, width, height);interGraphics.DrawRectangle(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height);break;}case "hatchellipse"://圆点填充椭圆{interGraphics.FillEllipse(new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.LargeConfetti,backcolor,Color.White), leftX, leftY, width, height);interGraphics.DrawEllipse(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height);break;}case "hatchpie"://圆点填充饼形{if (width != 0 && height != 0){interGraphics.FillPie(new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.LargeConfetti, backcolor,Color.White), leftX, leftY, width, height, 0, 180);interGraphics.DrawPie(mypen, leftX, leftY, width, height, 0, 180);}break;}}

Point4–铅笔

方法：使用DrawLine画线方法从startpoint 到 currentpoint

    public void Pencile(MouseEventArgs e)//铅笔{PointF currentPoint = new PointF(e.X-10, e.Y+8);Graphics interGraphics = Graphics.FromImage(interImg);interGraphics.DrawLine(mypen, startPoint,currentPoint);originalImg = (Image)interImg.Clone();targetGraphics.DrawImage(originalImg,0,0);startPoint = currentPoint;}

Point5–橡皮

方法：相当于用纯色矩形覆盖，用DrwaRectangle方法

      public void Eraser(MouseEventArgs e)//橡皮擦{PointF currentPoint = new PointF(e.X, e.Y);Graphics interGraphics = Graphics.FromImage(interImg);interGraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(backcolor), startPoint.X-5,startPoint.Y-5,16,10);originalImg = (Image)interImg.Clone();targetGraphics.DrawImage(originalImg, 0, 0);startPoint = currentPoint;}

Point6–粗细、线条、填充

粗细：设置pen的Width属性

线条：设置pen的DashStyle属性。实现为Solid,虚线为Dot

填充：无填充：使用pen画；纯色填充：先用SolidBrush笔刷画，再用pen画上边；圆点填充：先用HatchBrush笔刷(设置属性HatchStyle.LargeConfetti)画，再用pen画上边

Point7–文本框

使用TextBox，点击绘图板，当绘图板里没有文本框时，显示文本框；有文本框时，移除文本框并将文本框的文字绘到绘图板上
重点：

动态添加控件：panel10.Controls.Add(mytb);（panel0为父容器）
动态删除控件：panel10.Controls.Remove(control);

绘制文字：interGraphics.DrawString(str, font, brush,pointF);
font为字体样式，brush为字体填充笔刷，pointF为字体在父容器中的相对位置。

     if (drawtype == "text"){if (Extentionclass.FindControl(panel10, "mytb") == null)//第一次按下{TextBox mytb = new TextBox();mytb.Name = "mytb";mytb.Location = new Point(e.X, e.Y+pictureBox1.Location.Y);//位置mytb.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle;panel10.Controls.Add(mytb);//     panel10.Controls.SetChildIndex(mytb, 100);mytb.BringToFront();}else{Control control = Extentionclass.FindControl(panel10, "mytb");string str =control.Text;Font font = new Font("宋体", 9);Brush brush = new SolidBrush(userControl11.Color1);PointF pointF = new PointF(control.Location.X, control.Location.Y - pictureBox1.Location.Y);panel10.Controls.Remove(control);Graphics interGraphics = Graphics.FromImage(tool.InterImage);interGraphics.DrawString(str, font, brush,pointF);graphics.DrawImage(tool.InterImage, 0, 0);}}

Point8–新建文件、保存文件

新建文件之前要判断是否保存文件
用到的方法：

消息提示框：MessageBox.Show(“是否要保存文件”, “系统提示”, MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel);
保存、另存为、新建文件：如下代码

新建时要初始化绘画板

   private void 新建ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){//是否保存DialogResult dialogResult = MessageBox.Show("是否要保存文件", "系统提示", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel);if (dialogResult==DialogResult.Yes)//选择先保存{if (sFilename != null)//可以直接保存{if (MessageBox.Show("是否要保存文件？", "系统提示", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo) == DialogResult.Yes)//选择yes保存{tool.OriginalImage.Save(sFilename);}}else{SaveFileDialog saveFile = new SaveFileDialog();//            saveFile.FileName = "";saveFile.Filter = "JPG|*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.jpe;*.jfif|GIF|*.gif|PNG|*.png|TIF|*.tif;*.tiff|ICO|*.ico|所有文件|*.*";if (saveFile.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)//文件夹显示成功{sFilename = saveFile.FileName;tool.OriginalImage.Save(sFilename);}}}else if(dialogResult==DialogResult.Cancel)//取消则什么都不做直接返回{return;}////新建Bitmap  bmap= new Bitmap(pictureBox1.Size.Width, pictureBox1.Size.Height);Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmap);g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), 0, 0, bmap.Width, bmap.Height);g.Dispose();tool.targetGraphics.DrawImage(bmap,0,0);tool.OriginalImage = bmap;bmap.Dispose();}

Point9–打开文件

打开之前要提示是否保存文件

        OpenFileDialog openFile = new OpenFileDialog();openFile.FileName = "";openFile.Filter = "JPG|*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.jpe;*.jfif|GIF|*.gif|PNG|*.png|TIF|*.tif;*.tiff|ICO|*.ico|所有文件|*.*";if (openFile.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)//文件夹显示ok（成功）{if(openFile.FileName!=""){//插入是否保存代码Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(openFile.FileName);//从指定的文件初始化bitmappictureBox1.Size = bitmap.Size;//调整绘图区大小为图片大小pictureBox3.Location = new Point(pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height + pictureBox1.Location.Y);//改变那个小角角的大小Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height);Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bm);g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), new Rectangle(0, 0, pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height));g.DrawImage(bitmap, 0, 0);g.Dispose();tool.targetGraphics = pictureBox1.CreateGraphics();tool.targetGraphics.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);tool.OriginalImage = bm;bitmap.Dispose();bm.Dispose();sFilename = openFile.FileName;openFile.Dispose();}}}

Point10–清除

方法：绘制一个和画板一样大小的白色矩形，注意要更新原始画布和中间画布

    private void 清除ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){Bitmap newpic = new Bitmap(pictureBox1.Width,  pictureBox1.Height);Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(newpic);g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), 0, 0,pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height);g.Dispose();g = pictureBox1.CreateGraphics();g.DrawImage(newpic, 0, 0);g.Dispose();tool.OriginalImage = newpic;}

Point11–退出

点击Form右上角的关闭角标时调用Form1_FormClosing方法
点击菜单项的关闭选项时用this.close()
关闭前要提示是否保存

Point12–改变画板大小

改变画板大小通过画板右下角的一个小pictruebox(pb)实现。移动pb改变pb的位置，根据pb的相对于父容器的位置（即location）及画板的location得到画板的大小，改变画板大小后要改变初始画布和中间画布的大小，并将画布重新贴在画板上才能显示图案。

      private bool isResize = false;private void pictureBox3_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e){isResize = true;}private void pictureBox3_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e){if (isResize){pictureBox3.Location = new Point(pictureBox3.Location.X + e.X, pictureBox3.Location.Y + e.Y);}}private void pictureBox3_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e){isResize = false;pictureBox1.Size = new Size(pictureBox3.Location.X-pictureBox1.Location.X, pictureBox3.Location.Y-pictureBox1.Location.Y);//改变大小tool.targetGraphics = pictureBox1.CreateGraphics();//再次设置Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height);Graphics tempGraphic = Graphics.FromImage(newBitmap);tempGraphic.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), 0, 0, pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height);//创建一张新的临时画纸tempGraphic.DrawImage(tool.OriginalImage, 0, 0);//将original画在上面tempGraphic.Dispose();//   graphics = pictureBox1.CreateGraphics();//tempGraphic =pictureBox1.CreateGraphics();//tempGraphic.DrawImage(newBitmap, 0, 0);//tempGraphic.Dispose();//  tool.targetGraphics.DrawImage(newBitmap, 0, 0);//--为什么不能重绘绘图板tool.OriginalImage = newBitmap;newBitmap.Dispose();}

知识点1——关于按钮图片的方法

右击解决方案里的项目->进入属性->找到左侧的资源->将图像导入其中->找到按钮的image属性导入图片

知识点2——设置坐标图标

进入该项目的项目文件夹->进入bin文件夹->进入debug文件夹->在debug文件夹中创建一个文件夹存放.ico或者.cur图片
相应代码如下：

pictureBox1.Cursor = new Cursor(Application.StartupPath + @"\img\pen.ico");

知识点3——绘图板重绘

在改变绘图板的大小，或者绘图板被覆盖之后要调用重绘绘图板方法才能显示图像

      private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e){Graphics g = e.Graphics;g.DrawImage(tool.OriginalImage, 0, 0);}

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