Linux命令行手动配置无线wiff网络 iwconfig

Linux 手动无线网卡 WiFi 配置

发表于 2011年01月29日 | 分类: Linux | 16条评论

操作环境： ArchLinux Linux myhost 2.6.36-ARCH
硬件： USB 无线网卡 TL-WN821N

1. 安装 wireless_tools 和 madwifi

pacman -S wireless_tools madwifi

2. 查看网卡状态

lsusb

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Optical Mouse
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0cf3:7015 Atheros Communications, Inc.

在USB接口001/003上检测到网卡。

iwconfig

lo        no wireless extensions.eth0      no wireless extensions.wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:off/any  Mode:Managed  Access Point: Not-Associated   Tx-Power=0 dBm   Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:offEncryption key:offPower Management:off

无线网卡为 wlan0

3. 激活网卡

ifconfig wlan0 up
因为我的网卡必需要先激活才能扫描，否则下一步scan会出现错误：wlan0 Interface doesn't support scanning.

4. 扫描网络

iwlist wlan0 scan

wlan0     Scan completed :Cell 01 - Address: 54:E6:FC:22:E1:D2Channel:1Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)Quality=53/70  Signal level=-57 dBm  Encryption key:onESSID:"TP-LINK_22E1D2"Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/sBit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/sMode:MasterExtra:tsf=000000292a41bd80Extra: Last beacon: 960ms agoIE: Unknown: 000E54502D4C494E4B5F323245314432IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824IE: Unknown: 030101IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSKIE: WPA Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSK

发现WPA2-PSK/WPA-PSK 加密网络 TP-LINK_22E1D2

因为加密方式为 WPA-PSK 所以得用 wpa_supplicant 而不能使用 iwconfig wlan0 key xxx 形式，iwconfig key方式适用于WEP。

5. 配置 wpa_supplicant

新建文件 /etc/my_wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={ssid="TP-LINK_22E1D2"psk="密码"
}

因为全部使用默认配置，所以配置文件非常简单。

6. 连接wlan0到网络，并以daemon方式运行

wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/my_wpa_supplicant.conf

-B Background 在后台以daemon 运行
-i interface
-c 配置文件

7. 设置IP地址

ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.131

ifconfig 查看状态

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 54:E6:FC:03:0D:6B  inet addr:192.168.1.131  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:95 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32434 (31.6 Kb)  TX bytes:576 (576.0 b)

8. 加入网关到路由

我的网关的是192.168.1.1
添加通过wlan0访问的网关
route add default gw 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0

route 查看route状态

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.1.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 wlan0
default         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wlan0

9. 设置完毕。

以后上线只需运行
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/my_wpa_supplicant.conf
ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.131
route add default gw 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0
即可

10. 相关命令

关闭连接
wpa_cli terminate
连接状态
wpa_cli status

题外话：无线网卡的自动配置

无线网卡的自动配置，可通过netcfg2，具体参见ArchLinux Wiki Netcfg 一文，非常详细。