电子名片-vcard(一)

一．vcard的定义:

vCard: Thegeneric term for an electronic, virtual information card that can betransferred between computers, PDAs, or other electronic devices throughtelephone lines, or e-mail networks, or infrared links. How, when, why, andwhere vCard are used depends on the applications developed utilizing a vCard.
通俗来讲就是：电子名片

二．版本:

目前vcard已经经历了好几个版本：V2.1，V3.0，V4.0
类似格式如图：

蓝牙中一般手机支持2.1版本的居多

三. Vcard spec:

1.vcard对象：一个vcard数据流可能包含几个vcard对象，所以就需要有一个定界符：
BEGIN:VCARD
……
END:VCARD

2.属性：
每个属性的格式如下：
PropertyName [‘;‘PropertyParameters] ’:‘ PropertyValue
例：TEL;HOME:+1-919-555-1234

3.结束符：
每个属性的结束以\r\n结束，即ascii的13和10结束

四.属性识别（介绍一些常用的）

1.Formatted name(FN),name(N)
FN表示一个vcard对象的名称，N表示这个对象名称的组成部分
N的格式分5个部分：FamilyName (first field), Given Name (second field), Additional Names (third field),Name Prefix (fourth field), and Name Suffix (fifth field)，分别用’;’或者’,’间隔开
例如：N:Public;John;Quinlan;Mr.;Esq
                N:Veni,Vidi, Vici;The Restaurant
2.photograph
这个在vcard中的属性名称是：PHOTO
例：PHOTO;VALUE=URL:file:///jqpublic.gif
另外，该属性存在编码方式和图片类型两个参数
例：PHOTO;ENCODING=BASE64;TYPE=GIF:
   R0lGODdhfgA4AOYAAAAAAK+vr62trVIxa6WlpZ+fnzEpCEpzlAha/0Kc74+PjyGM
   SuecKRhrtX9/fzExORBSjCEYCGtra2NjYyF7nDGE50JrhAg51qWtOTl7vee1MWu1
    50o5e3PO/3sxcwAx/4R7GBgQOcDAwFoAQt61hJyMGHuUSpRKIf8A/wAY54yMjHtz
...
TYPE分：

Description	Property Parameter Value
TYPE=
Indicates Graphics Interchange Format	GIF
Indicates ISO Computer Graphics Metafile	CGM
Indicates MS Windows Metafile	WMF
Indicates MS Windows Bitmap	BMP
Indicates IBM PM Metafile	MET
Indicates IBM PM Bitmap	PMB
Indicates MS Windows DIB	DIB
Indicates an Apple Picture format	PICT
Indicates a Tagged Image File Format	TIFF
Indicates Adobe PostScript format	PS
Indicates Adobe Page Description Format	PDF
Indicates ISO JPEG format	JPEG
Indicates ISO MPEG format	MPEG
Indicates ISO MPEG version 2 format	MPEG2
Indicates Intel AVI format	AVI
Indicates Apple QuickTime format	QTIME

3.birthdat
以BDAY标示
例：BDAY:19950415

4.地址：
以ADR为标示，地址分7个域，分别是：
the Post Office Address (first field)Extended Address (second field), Street (third field), Locality (fourth field),Region (fifth field), Postal Code (six field), and Country (seventh field)
例：ADR;DOM;HOME:P.O. Box 101;Suite 101;123Main Street;Any Town;CA;91921-1234;
地址参数有个TYPE，分别为：

Description	Property Parameter Value
TYPE=
Indicates a domestic address	DOM
Indicates an international address (Default)	INTL
Indicates a postal delivery address (Default)	POSTAL
Indicates a parcel delivery address (Default)	PARCEL
Indicates a home delivery address	HOME
Indicates a work delivery address (Default)	WORK

5.LABLE类型：
和地址很像，区别是地址以’;’分开，但是LABEL是一串格式化的字符串

6.电话类型
以TEL标示，由于电话也有很多类型，所以同样以TYPE区分开，包括类型如下：

Description	Property Parameter Value
TYPE=
Indicates preferred number	PREF
Indicates a work number	WORK
Indicates a home number	HOME
Indicates a voice number (Default)	VOICE
Indicates a facsimile number	FAX
Indicates a messaging service on the number	MSG
Indicates a cellular number	CELL
Indicates a pager number	PAGER
Indicates a bulletin board service number	BBS
Indicates a MODEM number	MODEM
Indicates a car-phone number	CAR
Indicates an ISDN number	ISDN
Indicates a video-phone number	VIDEO

例：TEL;WORK;HOME;VOICE;FAX:+1-800-555-1234

7.电子邮件
以EMAIL标示，同样电子邮件分很多种，以TYPE区分开，包括类型如下：

Description	Property Parameter Value
TYPE=
Indicates America On-Line	AOL
Indicates AppleLink	AppleLink
Indicates AT&T Mail	ATTMail
Indicates CompuServe Information Service	CIS
Indicates eWorld	eWorld
Indicates Internet SMTP (default)	INTERNET
Indicates IBM Mail	IBMMail
Indicates MCI Mail	MCIMail
Indicates PowerShare	POWERSHARE
Indicates Prodigy information service	PRODIGY
Indicates Telex number	TLX
Indicates X.400 service	X400

8，version
以VERSION标示，目前一般存在2.1,3.0,4.0,
例：VERSION:2.1

另外：贴一张version2.1的例子：