六级(2020/12-3) Section B

Why Lifelong Learning Is the International Passport国际护照 to Success

A) Picture想象 yourself at a college graduation day, with a fresh活力四射 cohort(一群) of students about to set sail for new horizons新世界. What are they thinking while they throw their caps学术帽 in the air? What is it with this thin sheet of paper that makes it so precious? It’s not only the proof of acquired knowledge but plays into the reputation game of where you were trained. Being a graduate from Harvard Law School carries that extra glamour, doesn’t it? Yet take a closer look, and the diploma is the perfect ending to the modern tragedy of education.

be about to 即将做

set sail 起航

What is it with this thin sheet of paper that makes it so precious?

It is what with this thin sheet of paper that makes it so precious.

被强调部分what with this thin sheet of paper

特殊疑问句强调句型

例如：

Mary bought a new car. 非强调句

It was Mary that/who bought a new car. 强调句的陈述形式

Was it Mary that bought a new car? 强调句的一般疑问句形式

Who was it that bought a new car? 强调句的特殊疑问句形式

who是对被强调成分Mary提问的

It was who that bought a new car.

Picture yourself at a college graduation day, with a fresh cohort of students about to set sail for new horizons.

with + 宾语 + 介词短语（about to set sail for new horizons），表示状态

B) Why? Because universities and curricula are designed along the three unities of French classical tragedy悲剧: time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). This classical model has traditionally produced prestigious有声望的;有威望的 universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with a fast-changing world. Universities must realise that learning in your 20s won’t be enough. If technological diffusion传播;漫射 and implementation实施;执行 develop faster, workers will have to constantly refresh their skills.

38. The easy access to learning and rapid technological changes have brought the traditional model of education under challenge.

当access为名词时，其意为“通道/通路；入径；（使用或见到的）机会，权利”，

常用短语have access to来表示“使用；接近；可以利用”的含义。

Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须能够获得良好的资源。

The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。

当access是动词时，其含义为“访问，存取（计算机文件）；到达；进入；使用”

The loft can be accessed by a ladder.

搭梯子可以上阁楼。

是啊，现在在大学中学的东西，完全可以在任何一个能上网的地方学到，为什么要为了一张diploma来来到大学呢？

如果知道自己的职业规划或者知道自己将来要从事什么，完全可以在有网的地方自学

或许为了得到你想达到你想去的地方的门槛？

或许由于信息茧房，你根本不知道你要从事该行业需要什么样的技能？

或许学校提供你在别处没有的硬件和软件配置？

或许。。。

it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with a fast-changing world.

C) The university model needs to evolve. It must equip students with the right skills恰当的技能 and knowledge to compete in a world ‘where value will be derived largely from human interaction and the ability to invent and interpret things that machines cannot’, as the English futurist Richard Watson puts it. By teaching foundational knowledge and up-to-date最新的 skills, universities will provide students with the future-proof经得起未来考验的 skills of lifelong learning, not just get them ‘job-ready’.

41. A new model of college education should provide students with the knowledge and skills that will make them more inventive and capable of lifelong learning.

in a world ‘where value will be derived largely from human interaction and the ability to invent and interpret things that machines cannot’

如果机器不能取代的能力，这种能力不会被人工智能所替代

如果你的被别人所需的能力不会烂大街，那么你就不会面临裁员风险

provide ... with

equip ... with

D) Some universities already play a critical role in lifelong learning as they want to keep the value of their diplomas. This new role comes with a huge set of challenges, and needs largely to be invented发明;创造. One way to start this transformation process could be to go beyond the ‘five-year diploma model’ to adapt curricula to lifelong learning. We call this model the lifelong passport.

play a critical/important role in ...

E) The Bachelor’s单身汉;学士 degree could be your passport to lifelong learning. For the first few years, students would ‘learn to learn’and get endowed with reasoning推理 skills that remain with them for the rest of其余的 their lives. For instance, physics allows you to observe and rationalise使合理化 the world, but also to integrate observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. Mathematics is the language used to formulate制定 the laws of physics or economy, and to make rigorous computations that turn into predictions. These two disciplines naturally form the foundational pillars柱子 of education in technical universities.

37. By acquiring reasoning skills in the first few years of college, students can lay a foundation for lifelong learning.

endow with 赋予

lay a foundation for 坚定基础

F) Recent advances in computational methods and data science push us into rethinking science and engineering. Computers increasingly become principal actors in leveraging充分利用 data to formulate阐述 questions,which requires radically彻底地 new ways of reasoning推理. Therefore, a new discipline blending混合 computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics课题 of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning complex technical subjects all your life because numeracy(计算) is the foundation upon which everything else is eventually built.

44. To the traditional subjects of math and physics should be added a new discipline which combines computer science with statistics and other components.

radically new way 全新的方式

keep doing sth 持续做某事

all one's life 终身

build upon / on

numeracy(计算) is the foundation upon which everything else is eventually built.

介词 + which的定语从句

=numeracy(计算) is the foundation which everything else is eventually built upon.

To the traditional subjects of math and physics should be added a new discipline.

倒装 = a new discipline should be added to the traditional subjects of math and physics

G) According to this new model, the Master of Science理科硕士 (MSc) would become the first stamp in the lifelong learning journey. The MSc curriculum should prepare students for their professional career by allowing them to focus on acquiring practical skills through projects.

H) Those projects are then interwoven交织 with fast-paced technical modules(模块)learned ‘on-the-fly即时’and ‘at will任意’ depending on the nature of the project. If, for instance, your project is developing an integrated circuit, you will have to take a module on advanced concepts in microelectronics. The most critical skills will be developed before the project even starts, in the form of boot camps (短期强化训练), while the rest can be fostered along with the project, putting them to immediate use and thus providing a rich learning context.

36. Students should develop the key skills before they start a project.

on-the-fly 即时

at will 任意

interwoven interweave的过去分词

in the form of 用…的形式

boot camps 训练营

Those projects are then interwoven with fast-paced technical modules(模块)learned ‘on-the-fly’and ‘at will’ depending on the nature of the project.

Depending on the nature of the project， those projects are then interwoven with fast-paced technical modules

learned ‘on-the-fly’and ‘at will’做modules的后置定语

然后，根据项目的性质，这些项目与“即时”和“随意”学习的快节奏技术模块交织在一起。

The most critical skills will be developed before the project even starts, in the form of boot camps (短期强化训练), while the rest can be fostered along with the project,putting them to immediate use and thus providing a rich learning context

现在分词做状语, the project是逻辑主语

I) In addition to除了 technical capabilities, the very nature of projects develops social and entrepreneurial创业的 skills, such as design thinking, initiative taking, team leading, activity reporting or resource planning. Not only will those skills be actually integrated into the curriculum but they will be very important to have in the future because they are difficult to automate.

40. Some social and managerial skills, which are not easily automated, will be of great importance to students’future careers.

of great + 名词 == adj. 形容词

but they will be very important to have in the future because they are difficult to automate.

J) After the MSc diploma is earned, there would be many more stamps of lifelong learning over the years. If universities decide to engage in参加，从事于 this learning model, they will have to cope with many organisational组织的 challenges that might shake摇动 their unity一致性 of place and action. First, the number of students would be unpredictable. If all of a university’s alumni (往届毕业生) were to become students again, the student body would be much bigger than it is now, and it could become unsustainable不能持续的;无法维持的 for the campus in terms of从……方面 both size and resources. Second, freshly graduated students would mix with professionally experienced ones. This would change the classroom dynamics, perhaps for the best. Project-based learning with a mixed team reflects the reality of the professional world and could therefore be a better preparation for it.

42. A mixed student body may change the classroom dynamics and benefit learning.

engage in参加，从事于

cope with 对付…

K) Sound like science fiction? In many countries, part-time studying is not exceptional: on average across OECD countries, part-time students in 2016 represented相当于 20 per cent of enrolment入学 in tertiary education高等教育. In many countries, this share比例 is higher and can exceed 40 per cent百分之… in Australia, New Zealand and Sweden.

39. Unbelievable as it may seem, part-time students constitute a considerable portion of the student body in many universities across the world.

per cent百分之… 40 per cent 40%

on average 基本上 ; 大体上 ; 平均起来 ; 按平均值

tertiary education 高等教育

L) If lifelong learning were to become a priority and the new norm, diplomas, just like passports, could be revalidated重新验证 periodically定期地. A time-determined revalidation would ease administration for everybody. Universities as well as employers and employees would know when they have to retrain. For instance, graduates from the year 2000 would have to come back in 2005.

If lifelong learning were to become a priority and the new norm, diplomas, just like passports, could be revalidated periodically.

虚拟语气假设将来

从句：were/did、were to do、should do, 主句would/could/should/might +do

举例:

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would believe you.
如果太阳从西边出来，我就相信你。（事实：太阳不可能从西边出来）
If I were to relive my life again, I would spend more time with my family.
如果我的生活可以重新来过，我会花更多的时间陪陪家人。（事实：我的生活不可能重新来过）

M) This could fix the main organisational challenges for the university, but not for the learners, due to lack of time, family obligations or funds. Here, online learning might be an option because it allows you to save your ‘travel time’, but it has its limits. So far, none of the major employers 【associated with与...合作 online learning platforms such as Coursera and Udacity】has committed to承诺 hire or even interview面试 graduates of their new online programmes.

45. Students who are burdened with family duties might choose to take online courses.

N) Even if time were not an issue, who will pay for lifelong learning? That’s the eternal不朽的;永久的 debate: should it be the learner’s responsibility, that of his employer, or of the state? For example, in Massachusetts, the healthcare professions require continuing education credits学分, which are carefully evidenced and documented. Yet the same state’s lawyers don’t require continuing legal education, although most lawyers do participate in it informally. One explanation is that technology is less of a factor in law than it is in healthcare.

43. The question of who will bear the cost of lifelong learning is a topic of constant debate.

constant debate == eternal不朽的;永久的 debate

A be credited with B

credit A with B

credit B to A

把B归功于A

The New York transit交通运输系统 strike罢工 of 1980 is credited with归功于 prompting several long-term changes变革 in the city.

the healthcare professions require continuing education credits学分

In France, every individual has a right to lifelong learning organised via a personal learning account that is credited as you work.

通过被政府存入资金的个人账户

O) Europe has many scenarios情节, but the French and Swiss ones are interesting to compare. In France, every individual has a right to lifelong learning organised via a personal learning account that is credited as you work. In Switzerland, lifelong learning is a personal responsibility and not a government one. However, employers and the state encourage continuing education either by funding parts of it or by allowing employees to attend it.

ones == scenarios 事态，局面

either ... ... or 要么...要么；或者... 或者

organised 后置定语

P) Universities have a fundamental至关重要的 role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change变革. Just like classical theatre, the old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not advocating its abolition but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today.

be in for 即将经历不愉快的事（肯定会经历;注定遭受）

小知识：

Seeing the soldiers well prepared for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.

Seeing非谓语 the soldiers宾 well prepared for the flood-fight宾补

prepared for 这里的prepared是形容词，可不是后置定语

后置定语的例子：

The food prepared in this way keeps its fresh flavor, which attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese.

用这种方法制作的食物保持了新鲜的味道

六级(2020/12-3) Section B相关推荐

1+X Web前端等级考证 | 2020 12月Web前端开发中级实操 (模拟试题第一套) 附答案
由于经常分享失败,我上传github上了,先放上链接:https://github.com/Lydever/web-1-x.git 请礼貌,不要耍流氓哈哈,创作不易,下载的同时,请start一下,谢谢 ...
2020.12.17
2020.12.17 1.无重复字符的最长子串(leetcode3) 思路:使用滑动窗口机制设置右指针移动,其实就是一个队列,比如例题中的 abcabcbb,进入这个队列(窗口)为 abc 满足题目 ...
2020.12.15
2020.12.15 1.有向图判断是否有环对于图类问题,首先利用邻接表对图进行表示,如图所示:通常使用List<List>的格式存储表示. 在本题中,输入为[a,b]表示b指向a,所以 ...
刷题之旅2020.12.05
2020.12.05 1.前中后序递归/非递归实现一.使用栈模拟递归实现过程先序/中序 public List preinOrder2(TreeNode root){if(root==null ...
3. 什么是icmp?icmp与ip的关系_「2020.12.3」黄俊捷热搜被爆料？郭俊辰交往女朋友？为什么三只跨年不合体？郝富申和王俊凯关系？Naomi和alracco？...
"扒酱每日一爆料" 扒酱来了 ◆◆◆ [2020.12.3]虞书欣和小鬼有没有可能?周震南马伯骞的关系?<送你一朵小红花>有吻戏?仙剑里面的茂茂?美国留学回来在娱乐圈容 ...
STEMA 考试每日一练 2020.12.7 - 2021.11.30 试题及答案 - 刷题
2020.12.7 在以下几个选项中,正确的从小到大的排序是( ) A 地球<太阳系<可观测宇宙<银河系B 地球<太阳系<银河系<可观测宇宙C 太阳系<地球& ...
十一、“由专入分易，由分入专难。”（2020.12.18）
十一."由专入分易,由分入专难."(2020.12.18)
阿里IOT 应用托管部署 (2020/12/02)
当前时间: 2020/12/02 阿里更新迭代比较快, 不能保证文档的参考价值有多大 --------------------------------------------------------- ...
C语言错题集（指针2020/12/8）
C语言错题集(指针2020/12/8) 1.关于C语言指针的运算:指针只有加减操作,没有乘除操作.指针可以加常数.减常数:相同类型的指针可以相加.相减.(F) 指针之间可以相减,但不可以相加:两个同一 ...
（2020.12.7）初次web前端性能优化记录
(转载公司内部论坛本人文章2020.12.7) 导语: 作为客户端开发,由于项目的需要,最近一年陆续做了很多web前端的需求开发.但过去做的大部分都是单页面的运营H5,上线时间短,一般保证能稳定运行就 ...

六级(2020/12-3) Section B

六级(2020/12-3) Section B相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章