生产者-消费者问题

1 实验内容及要求
2 实验环境
3 实验设计
- 3.1 问题描述
- 3.2 基本思想
- - 3.2.1 生产者线程
  - 3.2.2 消费者线程
  - 3.2.3 同步的实现
- 3.3 数据结构
4 实验源码
5 实验结果
6 实验总结

1 实验内容及要求

1、模拟生产者—消费者问题；
2、程序要添加适当的注释，程序的书写要采用缩进格式；
3、程序要具在一定的健壮性，即当输入数据非法时，程序也能适当地做出反应；
4、程序要做到界面友好，在程序运行时用户可以根据相应的提示信息进行操作。

2 实验环境

windows 10,Visual Studio 2019

3 实验设计

3.1 问题描述

假设生产者和消费者线程共享一个大小为5的缓冲区。生产者生成新的数字，插入到缓冲区中；消费者不断从缓冲区中取出这些数字。只有缓冲区没满时，生产者才能把消息放入缓冲区，否则必须等待；只有缓冲区不空时，消费者才能从中取出消息，否则必须等待。

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生产者

缓冲区

消费者

3.2 基本思想

3.2.1 生产者线程

生产者随机生产20个数据放入缓冲区。具体流程如下：

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path{stroke-width:0}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .today{fill:none;stroke:red;stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .task{stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskText{text-anchor:middle;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskText:not([font-size]){font-size:11px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutsideRight{fill:#000;text-anchor:start;font-size:11px;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutsideLeft{fill:#000;text-anchor:end;font-size:11px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .task.clickable{cursor:pointer}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskText.clickable{cursor:pointer;fill:#003163 !important;font-weight:bold}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutsideLeft.clickable{cursor:pointer;fill:#003163 !important;font-weight:bold}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutsideRight.clickable{cursor:pointer;fill:#003163 !important;font-weight:bold}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskText0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskText1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskText2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskText3{fill:#fff}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .task0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .task1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .task2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .task3{fill:#8a90dd;stroke:#534fbc}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutside0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutside2{fill:#000}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutside1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .taskTextOutside3{fill:#000}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .active0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .active1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .active2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .active3{fill:#bfc7ff;stroke:#534fbc}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeText0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeText1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeText2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .done0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .done1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .done2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .done3{stroke:grey;fill:#d3d3d3;stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneText0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneText1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneText2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .crit0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .crit1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .crit2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .crit3{stroke:#f88;fill:red;stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCrit0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCrit1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCrit2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCrit3{stroke:#f88;fill:#bfc7ff;stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCrit0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCrit1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCrit2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCrit3{stroke:#f88;fill:#d3d3d3;stroke-width:2;cursor:pointer;shape-rendering:crispEdges}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .milestone{transform:rotate(45deg) scale(0.8, 0.8)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .milestoneText{font-style:italic}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCritText0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCritText1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCritText2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .doneCritText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCritText0,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCritText1,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCritText2,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .activeCritText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .titleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#000;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.classGroup text{fill:#9370db;stroke:none;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family);font-size:10px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.classGroup text .title{font-weight:bolder}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.clickable{cursor:pointer}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.classGroup rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.classGroup line{stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .classLabel .box{stroke:none;stroke-width:0;fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.5}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .classLabel .label{fill:#9370db;font-size:10px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .relation{stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1;fill:none}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .dashed-line{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #compositionStart{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #compositionEnd{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #aggregationStart{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #aggregationEnd{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #dependencyStart{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #dependencyEnd{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #extensionStart{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #extensionEnd{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .commit-id,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .commit-msg,#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .branch-label{fill:lightgrey;color:lightgrey;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .pieTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:25px;fill:#000;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .slice{font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.stateGroup text{fill:#9370db;stroke:none;font-size:10px;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.stateGroup text{fill:#9370db;fill:#333;stroke:none;font-size:10px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.statediagram-cluster .cluster-label text{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.stateGroup .state-title{font-weight:bolder;fill:#000}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.stateGroup rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh g.stateGroup line{stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .transition{stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1;fill:none}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .stateGroup .composit{fill:white;border-bottom:1px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .stateGroup .alt-composit{fill:#e0e0e0;border-bottom:1px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .state-note{stroke:#aa3;fill:#fff5ad}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .state-note text{fill:black;stroke:none;font-size:10px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .stateLabel .box{stroke:none;stroke-width:0;fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.7}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .edgeLabel text{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .stateLabel text{fill:#000;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .node circle.state-start{fill:black;stroke:black}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .node circle.state-end{fill:black;stroke:white;stroke-width:1.5}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh #statediagram-barbEnd{fill:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-cluster rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-cluster rect.outer{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-state .divider{stroke:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-state .title-state{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster .inner{fill:white}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#e0e0e0}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#efefef}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aa3;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0}:root{--mermaid-font-family: '"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial';--mermaid-font-family: "Comic Sans MS", "Comic Sans", cursive}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .error-icon{fill:#522}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .error-text{fill:#522;stroke:#522}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-QBtZoucILrQPZNIh {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}

通过随机数生产数据

获取空缓冲区单元

互斥信号量上锁

将数据放入缓冲区

释放互斥信号量

满缓冲区数加1

3.2.2 消费者线程

从缓冲区中取出20个数据。具体流程如下：

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span{color:#333}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aa3;stroke-width:1px}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l .cluster text{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family);font-size:12px;background:#ffffde;border:1px solid #aa3;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l .actor{stroke:#ccf;fill:#ECECFF}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l text.actor>tspan{fill:#000;stroke:none}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l .actor-line{stroke:grey}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2, 2;stroke:#333}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l .sequenceNumber{fill:#fff}#mermaid-svg-r1x9C7HsF1heU49l 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获取满缓冲区单元

互斥信号量上锁

从缓冲区取出数据

释放互斥信号量

空缓冲区数加1

3.2.3 同步的实现

C++11中引入的用于多线程操作的thread类，以及线程互斥对象mutex，分别包含在头文件thread和mutex中，可以使生产者和消费者线程同步进行。

3.3 数据结构

定义一个类sbuf，用来构造生产者-消费者程序：

class sbuf {private:int buffer[5];  //缓冲区大小为5int rear;       //指向数组最后一个元素mutex mu;       //互斥信号量int empty;      //空位数int full;       //满位数
public:void init();            //初始化void insert(int item);  //生产者像缓冲区放入产品void remove();          //消费者从缓冲区取出产品void display();         //显示缓冲区
};

在类中定义了大小为5的数组作为缓冲区，以及同步信号量empty/full和互斥信号量mu。

4 实验源码

1.sbuf.h

#include<iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include<mutex>using namespace std;class sbuf {private:int buffer[5];  //缓冲区大小为5int rear;       //指向数组最后一个元素mutex mu;       //互斥信号量int empty;      //记录空位int full;       //记录占位
public:void init();            //初始化void insert(int item);  //放入产品void remove();          //取出产品void display();         //显示缓冲区
};//初始化
void sbuf::init() {rear = -1;empty = 5;full = 0;
}//放入产品
void sbuf::insert(int item) {while (1) {while (!empty) {}empty -= 1;             //P(empty)mu.lock();              //P(mutex)cout << "生产的数为:" << item << endl;buffer[++rear] = item;  //产品放入缓冲区display();mu.unlock();            //V(mutex)full += 1;              //V(full)break;}
}//取出产品
void sbuf::remove() {int item;while (1) {while (!full) {}full -= 1;              //P(full)mu.lock();              //P(mutex) item=buffer[rear--];    //从缓冲区取出产品cout << "消费的数为:" << item << endl;display();mu.unlock();            //V(mutex)empty += 1;             //V(empty)break;}
}//显示缓冲区
void sbuf::display() {cout << "缓冲区:";if (rear == -1)cout << "空" << endl;else {for (int i = 0; i <= rear; i++)cout << buffer[i]<<" ";cout << endl;}cout << endl;
}

2.exp1.cpp

#include"sbuf.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<random>
#include <time.h>
#include<thread>
#include <Windows.h>using namespace std;//生产者线程
void producer(sbuf* p) {  int item;uniform_int_distribution<unsigned> k(500, 1500);static uniform_int_distribution<unsigned> u(1, 100);static default_random_engine e(time(0));  //随机数引擎for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {     //生产20次item = u(e);p->insert(item);Sleep(k(e));}
}//消费者线程
void consumer(sbuf* p) {uniform_int_distribution<unsigned> k(1000, 2000);default_random_engine v(time(0));    //随机数引擎for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {     //消费20次p->remove();Sleep(k(v));}
}int main() {sbuf p;p.init();thread pro(producer, &p);    //创建生产者子线程thread con(consumer, &p);    //创建消费者子线程pro.join();                  //阻塞主线程con.join();                  //阻塞主线程cout << "结束！" << endl;return 0;
}

5 实验结果

实验结果截取一部分如下：

6 实验总结

通过本次实验，我对生产者-消费者问题的相关知识有了更加深刻的理解，进一步掌握了进程的同步的相关概念，理解了利用信号量机制解决进程同步问题的基本方法。并且初步掌握了利用C++11中std::thread类多线程编程。

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