一、工具类

1.ExcelUtil

package com.demo.util;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;/*** Description: Excel 工具类** @Author: zhx & moon hongxu_1234@163.com* @Date: 2022-01-21 19:56* @version: V1.0.0*/
public class ExcelUtil {/*** OUT_PATH         保存位置* SHEET_NAME       工作表名称* FIRST_ROW_NUM    起始行* LAST_ROW_NUM     结束行* LENGTH_LIMIT_COL 增加数据校验的列*/private static String OUT_PATH = "D:\\01.xlsx";private static String SHEET_NAME = "sheet1";private static int FIRST_ROW_NUM = 0;private static int LAST_ROW_NUM = 10;private static int LENGTH_LIMIT_COL = 5;private static List<String[]> COM_BOX_LIST = new ArrayList<>(1);public static void creat() {/*** 1.创建 workbook*/SXSSFWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(-1);/*** 2.创建 sheet*/SXSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(SHEET_NAME);//TODO 创建行、写入数据、增加样式Row row = sheet.createRow(0);row.createCell(0).setCellValue("编号");row.createCell(1).setCellValue("地点");row.createCell(2).setCellValue("节气");row.createCell(3).setCellValue("守护");/*** 3.增加数据校验（自定义）*   说明："=(ISTEXT(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW())) * (LENB(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW())) >= 1) * (LENB(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW())) <= 10))"*   是否为文本          ISTEXT(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW()))*   字节数大于等于0     (LENB(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW())) >= 0)*   字节数小于等于200   (LENB(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW())) <= 10))*   如果是字符长度，就是LEN() 取F列当前行值 INDIRECT("F"&ROW())*/setDataLengthLimit(sheet,"=((LENB(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW())) >= 1) * (LENB(INDIRECT(\"F\"&ROW())) <= 10))");/*** 4.设置下拉值 创建下拉值保存表立春、雨水、惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒*/SXSSFSheet comBox = workbook.createSheet("comBox");workbook.setSheetHidden(workbook.getSheetIndex(comBox),true);COM_BOX_LIST.add(new String[]{"洛阳","南京","西安","北京","开封","杭州"});COM_BOX_LIST.add(new String[]{"立春","雨水","惊蛰","清明","谷雨","立夏","小满","芒种","夏至","小暑","大暑","立秋","处暑","白露","秋分","寒露","霜降","立冬","小雪","大雪","冬至","小寒","大寒"});COM_BOX_LIST.add(new String[]{"青龙","白虎","玄武","朱雀"});setComBox(comBox,COM_BOX_LIST);setPullBox(sheet,COM_BOX_LIST);/*** 增加*/save(workbook,OUT_PATH);}/*** 保存Excel到本地* @param workbook* @param outPath*/public static void save(Workbook workbook,String outPath){FileOutputStream foss = null;try {FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outPath);workbook.write(fos);foss = fos;fos.close();}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(foss)){try {foss.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}/*** 按列写入下拉值* @param sheet* @param list* @return*/private static void setComBox(SXSSFSheet sheet, List<String[]> list){int rowCount,sellCount=0;SXSSFRow row;for (String[] arr:list) {rowCount = 0;for (String str:arr) {if(rowCount>sheet.getLastRowNum()){row = sheet.createRow(rowCount);}else{row = sheet.getRow(rowCount);}row.createCell(sellCount).setCellValue(str);rowCount++;}sellCount++;}}/*** 在Excel中设置下拉列表* +1 从第二列开始设置下拉** @param sheet* @param list* @return*/private static void setPullBox(SXSSFSheet sheet, List<String[]> list) {//存放枚举值信息的列 在第二个sheet表 即comBoxString[] arr = {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z"};for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {//即comBox第A1到A5000作为下拉列表来源数据StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();stringBuffer.append("comBox!$").append(arr[i]).append("$1:$").append(arr[i]).append("$").append(list.get(i).length);sheet.addValidationData(getPullDataValidation(stringBuffer.toString(), i+1, sheet));}}/*** @param @param  strFormula  枚举值在第二个sheet中行数和列数无需修改* @param @param  firstRow   起始行* @param @param  endRow     终止行* @param @param  firstCol   起始列* @param @param  endCol     终止列* @param @return* @return HSSFDataValidation* @throws* @Title: SetDataValidation* @Description: 下拉列表元素很多的情况 (255以上的下拉)*/private static XSSFDataValidation getPullDataValidation(String strFormula,int firstCol, SXSSFSheet sheet) {sheet.setSelected(true);// 创建下拉列表数据DataValidationHelper dvHelper = sheet.getDataValidationHelper();DataValidationConstraint constraint2 = dvHelper.createFormulaListConstraint(strFormula);// 设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上。四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(FIRST_ROW_NUM, LAST_ROW_NUM, firstCol, firstCol);XSSFDataValidation dataValidation2 = (XSSFDataValidation) dvHelper.createValidation(constraint2, regions);dataValidation2.createErrorBox("输入不合法", "请键入下拉列表中的值！");dataValidation2.createPromptBox("", null);dataValidation2.setShowErrorBox(Boolean.TRUE);return dataValidation2;}/*** 添加数据长度校验* @param sheet*/private static void setDataLengthLimit(SXSSFSheet sheet,String cellCheck){DataValidationHelper helper = sheet.getDataValidationHelper();CellRangeAddressList cellRangeAddressList = new CellRangeAddressList(FIRST_ROW_NUM,LAST_ROW_NUM,LENGTH_LIMIT_COL,LENGTH_LIMIT_COL);DataValidationConstraint customConstraint = helper.createCustomConstraint(cellCheck);DataValidation dataValidation = helper.createValidation(customConstraint, cellRangeAddressList);dataValidation.createErrorBox("输入不合法", "描述过长(可输入0-200个字节)");dataValidation.setEmptyCellAllowed(true);dataValidation.setShowErrorBox(true);sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);}public static void main(String[] args) {creat();}
}

2.Pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.6.1</version><relativePath/></parent><groupId>com.demo</groupId><artifactId>exceldemo</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><!-- xls https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi</artifactId><version>5.2.0</version></dependency><!-- xlsx https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>5.2.0</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

二、生成文件

1.下拉框

2.数据校验

三、Excel 命令

1.获取活动单元格：=INDIRECT(“R”&ROW()&“C”&CELL(),0)

2.获取指定单元格：=F1

3.获取前一列对应行的值：=INDIRECT(“R”&ROW()&“C”&COLUMN()-1,0)

4.获取指定单元格数据字长：=LEN(F2)

5.获取指定单元格数据字节长：=LENB(F2)

6.判断：=IF(LENB(F2)>2,“大于”,“小于或等于”)

四、Excel 表头通用生成方法

通过表头配置信息，生成任意格式 Excel 表头，当前演示代码通过Json文件配置的头信息，还可以存在数据库、缓存、接口传参的形式获取

1.Excel 文件和头信息描述类

POI 依赖包

<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>

WorkBook 描述类

package com.demo.entity.export;import com.demo.entity.export.SheetDataHead;
import lombok.Data;import java.util.List;/*** @author * @date 2023-02-02 17:36* @since 1.8*/
@Data
public class WorkBookConfig {private String fileName;private String sheetName;private int dataStartRow;private List<SheetDataHead> headList;
}

头信息描述类

package com.demo.entity.export;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;/*** @author * @date 2023-02-02 17:37* @since 1.8*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class SheetDataHead {/*** 头名称*/private String name;/*** 起始行*/private int firstRow;/*** 结束行*/private int lastRow;/*** 起始列*/private int firstCol;/*** 结束列*/private int lastCol;/*** 任何一个不相等即合并* @return*/public boolean isCellRange(){return firstRow != lastRow || firstCol != lastCol;}/*** 获取合并范围* @return*/public CellRangeAddress getCellRangeAddress(){return new CellRangeAddress(firstRow,lastRow,firstCol,lastCol);}
}

2.表头生成方法

package com.demo.util;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.demo.entity.export.SheetDataHead;
import com.demo.entity.export.WorkBookConfig;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.HorizontalAlignment;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.VerticalAlignment;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;/*** @author * @date 2023-02-02 17:33* @since 1.8*/
public class ExcelUtil {/**** buffer 缓冲区*/public static final int BYTE_BUFFER_ALLOCATE = 2048;/*** 创建 WorkBook 并设置表头* @param sheetName* @param heads* @return*/public static XSSFWorkbook buildWorkBookAndWriteHead(String sheetName, List<SheetDataHead> heads){XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(sheetName);if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(heads)){CellStyle cellStyle = getCellStyle(workbook);Map<Integer,List<SheetDataHead>> rowMap = heads.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(SheetDataHead::getFirstRow));rowMap.forEach((k,v)->{XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(k);XSSFCell cell;for (SheetDataHead head:v){cell = row.createCell(head.getFirstCol());cell.setCellValue(head.getName());cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);if (head.isCellRange()){sheet.addMergedRegion(head.getCellRangeAddress());}}});}return workbook;}/*** 获取单元格样式* @return*/public static CellStyle getCellStyle(XSSFWorkbook workbook){//创建样式对象XSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();//垂直和水平居中cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);return cellStyle;}/*** 数据转换* @param filePath*/public static WorkBookConfig getDataHeadList(String filePath){String json = resourceRead(filePath);WorkBookConfig config = new WorkBookConfig();config.setHeadList(new ArrayList<>(0));if (StringUtils.hasLength(json)){try {config = JSONObject.parseObject(json,WorkBookConfig.class);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}return config;}/*** 读取配置的JSON文件* @param filePath* @return*/public static String resourceRead(String filePath){if (StringUtils.hasLength(filePath)){ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource(filePath);InputStream inputStream = null;StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();try {inputStream = classPathResource.getInputStream();byte[] temp = new byte[BYTE_BUFFER_ALLOCATE];int read;while ((read = inputStream.read(temp)) != -1){if (read < BYTE_BUFFER_ALLOCATE){byte[] tail = Arrays.copyOf(temp,read);builder.append(new String(tail));} else {builder.append(new String(temp));}}return builder.toString();} catch (IOException e) {return "";} finally {if (null != inputStream){try {inputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}}}return "";}
}

3.测试类，用于导出Excel文件

package com.demo.controller;import com.demo.entity.export.WorkBookConfig;
import com.demo.util.ExcelUtil;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/*** @author * @date 2023-02-02 17:38* @since 1.8*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/export")
public class ExportController {static Map<Integer,String> mapConfig = new HashMap<>(2);static {mapConfig.put(0,"data_excel_json/demo_1.json");mapConfig.put(1,"data_excel_json/demo_2.json");}@GetMapping("/{type}")public void export(@PathVariable("type") Integer type, HttpServletResponse response){WorkBookConfig config = ExcelUtil.getDataHeadList(mapConfig.get(type));XSSFWorkbook workbook = ExcelUtil.buildWorkBookAndWriteHead(config.getSheetName(),config.getHeadList());//写到输出流try {response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");String fileName = config.getFileName();response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + new String((fileName + ".xlsx").getBytes(), "iso-8859-1"));workbook.write(response.getOutputStream());} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);} finally {if (null!=workbook){try {workbook.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}}}
}

测试用 Json 配置信息

{"fileName": "demo_1","sheetName": "sheet_t","dataStartRow": 1,"headList": [{"name": "河南","firstRow": 0,"firstCol": 0,"lastRow": 0,"lastCol": 3},{"name": "河北","firstRow": 0,"firstCol": 4,"lastRow": 0,"lastCol": 7},{"name": "南阳","firstRow": 1,"firstCol": 0,"lastRow": 1,"lastCol": 0},{"name": "洛阳","firstRow": 1,"firstCol": 1,"lastRow": 1,"lastCol": 1},{"name": "开封","firstRow": 1,"firstCol": 2,"lastRow": 1,"lastCol": 3},{"name": "唐山","firstRow": 1,"firstCol": 4,"lastRow": 2,"lastCol": 5},{"name": "石家庄","firstRow": 1,"firstCol": 6,"lastRow": 1,"lastCol": 6},{"name": "保定","firstRow": 1,"firstCol": 7,"lastRow": 1,"lastCol": 7},{"name": "古都","firstRow": 2,"firstCol": 0,"lastRow": 2,"lastCol": 2},{"name": "事件","firstRow": 2,"firstCol": 3,"lastRow": 2,"lastCol": 3},{"name": "秦皇岛","firstRow": 2,"firstCol": 6,"lastRow": 2,"lastCol": 6},{"name": "河间","firstRow": 2,"firstCol": 7,"lastRow": 2,"lastCol": 7}]
}

5.导出的 Excel 表头如下：

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