我们之所以用Excel输出，主要是想用Excel在显示中的优势，所以最常见的做法，往往调用Excel模板文件来实现。这一篇，我们就来操作Excel模板文件，另外，excel文档放在dialog screen中显示。

创建Dialog Screen

新建一个screen, scren number为100，在screen中添加一个custom control, name属性为CONTAINER1，界面如下：

新建一个GUI Status，编号为100，在gui status中定义function code为EXIT，functional type为E的功能码（function key）。

切换到screen的flow logic，增加一个PAI事件，然后编写代码，用于处理屏幕的退出：

module exit_program input.save_ok = ok_code.clear ok_code.if save_ok = 'EXIT'.leave program.endif.endmodule.

上传Excel文档

用事务码OAOR将Excel文档上传。输入OAOR，进入下面的界面，输入后面程序需要使用的几个重要标识：class name, class type和object key。class name选择SAP提供的HRFPM_EXCEL_STANDARD就可以了。如果没有，请用事物码SBDSV1进行定于。object key建议使用excel文档的文件名，以便查找。

点击“执行”（F8)按钮，进入下面的界面

从左下部分的doc type中，选择table template，右键菜单，导入文档。导入模板文档doitest.xls。

OK，现在文档已经导入了。我们可以在OAOR界面中，显示文档、文档的详细信息(detail info.）等。

获取模板文档的信息

操作excel模板文档，使用cl_bds_document_set类，这个类的get_with_url方法获取文档的url。首先定义一些global变量：

* business document system
data: gr_bds_documents type ref to cl_bds_document_set,g_classname type sbdst_classname,g_classtype type sbdst_classtype,g_objectkey type sbdst_object_key,g_doc_components type sbdst_components,g_doc_signature type sbdst_signature.* template url
data: gt_bds_uris type sbdst_uri,gs_bds_url like line of gt_bds_uris,g_template_url(256) type c.

获取excel template文档的url:

form get_template_url.create object gr_bds_documents.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_infoexportingclassname  = g_classnameclasstype  = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychangingcomponents = g_doc_componentssignature  = g_doc_signature.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_with_urlexportingclassname  = g_classnameclasstype  = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychanginguris       = gt_bds_urissignature  = g_doc_signature.free gr_bds_documents.read table gt_bds_uris into gs_bds_url index 1.g_template_url = gs_bds_url-uri.
endform.                    "get_template_url

cl_bds_document_set的静态方法get_with_url获取excel template的url。数据存放在内表中，读取后放在global变量g_template_url里面。

打开Excel文档

根据获取的excel template的url，打开excel文档：

form open_excel_doc.call method gr_control->get_document_proxyexportingdocument_type      = 'Excel.Sheet'no_flush           = 'X'register_container = 'X'importingdocument_proxy     = gr_document.call method gr_document->open_documentexportingopen_inplace = 'X'document_url = g_template_url.data: available type i.call method gr_document->has_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush     = 'X'importingis_available = available.call method gr_document->get_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush        = 'X'importingsheet_interface = gr_spreadsheet.call method gr_spreadsheet->select_sheetexportingname     = 'Sheet1'no_flush = 'X'.
endform.

将数据写入Excel

我们从spfli表中获取所有航班的信息：

* output internale table
data: begin of gs_spfli,carrid like spfli-carrid,connid like spfli-connid,cityfrom like spfli-cityfrom,cityto like spfli-cityto,end of gs_spfli.
data: gt_spfli like standard table of gs_spfli.form get_data.select * from spfliinto corresponding fields of table gt_spfli.
endform.

数据写入Excel，可以使用批量的方式或者逐个单元格写入的方式。批量写入的方式效率高，逐个单元格写入的方式比较灵活，在程序中都能用到。将数据写入excel需要使用i_oi_spreadsheet接口实例的两个方法：

insert_range_dim方法，定义一个范围(range)，设定range的名称、位置和大小。比如下面的代码，定义一个名称为cell, 共line_count行、4列的range，从第2行第1列开始。

  call method gr_spreadsheet->insert_range_dimexportingname     = 'cell'no_flush = 'X'top      = 2left     = 1rows     = line_countcolumns  = 4.

set_range_data方法，写入数据到range，写入的时候，ranges参数设定range的名称和大小, contents参数设定写入的内容。OK，假设我们将要输出的数据在内表gt_spfli中是这样的：

我们想要在excel中按同样的方式输出。我们定义ranges参数的内表如下：

上图表示我们将要输出的数据，名称为cell，4列5行。

定义contents参数的内表如下，确定每一个单元个的内容：

set_range_data方法：

  call method gr_spreadsheet->set_ranges_dataexportingranges   = gt_rangescontents = gt_contentsno_flush = 'X'.

对象销毁

在PAI的exit-command事件中处理对spreadsheet, control和Container等对象的销毁。网上有博客认为DOI没有必要创建screen，而我觉得screen的好处就是可以很好地处理对象销毁。

form release_objects.if not gr_document is initial.call method gr_document->close_document.free gr_document.endif.if not gr_control is initial.call method gr_control->destroy_control.free gr_control.endif.if gr_container is not initial.call method gr_container->free.endif.
endform.

exit-command事件的代码变成这个样子

module exit_program input.save_ok = ok_code.clear ok_code.if save_ok = 'EXIT'.perform release_objects.leave program.endif.
endmodule.

完整代码

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZDOI_DOC_TEMPLATE
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*& Written by Stone Wang
*& Version 1.0 on Dec 16, 2016
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*report  zdoi_doc_template.data: gr_custom_container type ref to cl_gui_custom_container.
data: gr_container type ref to cl_gui_container,gr_control type ref to i_oi_container_control,gr_document type ref to i_oi_document_proxy,gr_spreadsheet type ref to i_oi_spreadsheet.* business document system
data: gr_bds_documents type ref to cl_bds_document_set,g_classname type sbdst_classname,g_classtype type sbdst_classtype,g_objectkey type sbdst_object_key,g_doc_components type sbdst_components,g_doc_signature type sbdst_signature.* template url
data: gt_bds_uris type sbdst_uri,gs_bds_url like line of gt_bds_uris,g_template_url(256) type c.data: ok_code type sy-ucomm,save_ok like ok_code.* output internale table
data: begin of gs_spfli,carrid like spfli-carrid,connid like spfli-connid,cityfrom like spfli-cityfrom,cityto like spfli-cityto,end of gs_spfli.
data: gt_spfli like standard table of gs_spfli.* Required for writing data to Excel
data: gt_ranges type soi_range_list,gs_range type soi_range_item,gt_contents type soi_generic_table,gs_content type soi_generic_item.initialization.g_classname = 'HRFPM_EXCEL_STANDARD'.g_classtype = 'OT'.g_objectkey = 'DOITEST'.start-of-selection.perform get_data.call screen 100.define write_content_cell.gs_content-row = &1.gs_content-column = &2.gs_content-value = &3.append gs_content to gt_contents.clear gs_content.end-of-definition.*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  get_data
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form get_data.select * from spfliinto corresponding fields of table gt_spfli up to 5 rows.
endform.                    "get_data*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  get_container
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form get_container.create object gr_custom_containerexportingcontainer_name = 'CONTAINER1'.
endform.                    "get_container*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  create_container_control
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form create_container_control.
* create container controlcall method c_oi_container_control_creator=>get_container_controlimportingcontrol = gr_control.* initialize controlcall method gr_control->init_controlexportinginplace_enabled          = 'X 'inplace_scroll_documents = 'X'register_on_close_event  = 'X'register_on_custom_event = 'X'r3_application_name      = 'DOI demo by Stone Wang'parent                   = gr_custom_container.
endform.                    "create_container_control*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  get_template_url
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form get_template_url.create object gr_bds_documents.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_infoexportingclassname  = g_classnameclasstype  = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychangingcomponents = g_doc_componentssignature  = g_doc_signature.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_with_urlexportingclassname  = g_classnameclasstype  = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychanginguris       = gt_bds_urissignature  = g_doc_signature.free gr_bds_documents.read table gt_bds_uris into gs_bds_url index 1.g_template_url = gs_bds_url-uri.
endform.                    "get_template_url*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  open_excel_doc
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form open_excel_doc.call method gr_control->get_document_proxyexportingdocument_type      = 'Excel.Sheet'no_flush           = 'X'register_container = 'X'importingdocument_proxy     = gr_document.call method gr_document->open_documentexportingopen_inplace = 'X'document_url = g_template_url.data: available type i.call method gr_document->has_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush     = 'X'importingis_available = available.call method gr_document->get_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush        = 'X'importingsheet_interface = gr_spreadsheet.call method gr_spreadsheet->select_sheetexportingname     = 'Sheet1'no_flush = 'X'.
endform.                    "open_excel_doc*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  fill_ranges
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form fill_ranges.data: line_count type i value 0,col_count type i value 0.* 获取内表的行列数perform read_itab_structure using 'GT_SPFLI' line_count col_count.* fill gt_ranges[]clear gs_range.clear gt_ranges[].gs_range-name = 'cell'.gs_range-rows = line_count.gs_range-columns = col_count.gs_range-code = 4.append gs_range to gt_ranges.
endform.                    "fill_ranges*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  fill_contents
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form fill_contents.data: row_index type i.row_index = 1.loop at gt_spfli into gs_spfli.clear gs_content.write_content_cell row_index 1 gs_spfli-carrid.write_content_cell row_index 2 gs_spfli-connid.write_content_cell row_index 3 gs_spfli-cityfrom.write_content_cell row_index 4 gs_spfli-cityto.row_index = row_index + 1.endloop.
endform.                    "fill_contents*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  read_itab_structure
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       get internal number of rows and number of columns of itab
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form read_itab_structure using p_tabname p_rowcount p_colcount.data: l_rowcount type i,l_colcount type i.field-symbols: <fs1>.data: ls_spfli like line of gt_spfli.* Line countdescribe table gt_spfli lines l_rowcount.* Row countdo.assign component sy-index of structure ls_spfli to <fs1>.if sy-subrc is initial.l_colcount = l_colcount + 1.else.exit.endif.enddo.p_rowcount = l_rowcount.p_colcount = l_colcount.endform.                    "read_itab_structure*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  write_data_to_excel
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form write_data_to_excel.data: line_count type i value 0,col_count type i value 0.check not gt_spfli is initial.* 获取内表的行列数perform read_itab_structure using 'GT_SPFLI' line_count col_count.call method gr_spreadsheet->insert_range_dimexportingname     = 'cell'no_flush = 'X'top      = 2left     = 1rows     = line_countcolumns  = col_count.* populate tow internal tables required for 'set_range_data'perform fill_ranges.perform fill_contents.call method gr_spreadsheet->set_ranges_dataexportingranges   = gt_rangescontents = gt_contentsno_flush = 'X'.endform.                    "write_data_to_excel*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  release_objects
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form release_objects.if not gr_document is initial.call method gr_document->close_document.free gr_document.endif.if not gr_control is initial.call method gr_control->destroy_control.free gr_control.endif.if gr_container is not initial.call method gr_container->free.endif.
endform.                    "release_objects*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  main
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
form main.perform get_container.perform create_container_control.perform get_template_url..perform open_excel_doc.perform write_data_to_excel.
endform.                    "main*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Module  exit_program  INPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
module exit_program input.save_ok = ok_code.clear ok_code.if save_ok = 'EXIT'.perform release_objects.leave program.endif.
endmodule.                 " exit_program  INPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Module  status_0100  OUTPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
module status_0100 output.set pf-status '100'.perform main.
endmodule.                 " status_0100  OUTPUT

程序的界面如下。最主要的缺点是container的大小是固定的，后面我们看看怎么解决这个问题。

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