树莓派通过MFRC522写UIC卡0扇区

time：2019/11/06
前几天门禁卡丢失了，去物业买需要30块大洋。有点不值。然后从tb上买了RC522 RFID刷卡模块,用自己的树莓派来复制卡
下面说下过程：
在网上搜了下教程，详情请参照https://blog.csdn.net/coder9999/article/details/79196753

连线
3.3V–>1
GND—>GND
MISO–>21
MOSI–>19
SCK—>23
RST—>22
SDA—>24
打开SPI功能，树莓派默认是关闭的
下载spidev
用其中的demo进行读没有问题，写也没有问题，但是无法向0扇区写入数据。于是在网上各种搜索，最后整理了下，向0扇区不能按常规的步骤进行读写。
步骤：
寻卡
开启防冲撞
选卡
重点来了，休眠
发送40，寄存器7位
发送43，寄存器8位（默认值）
开始敲小黑板了，不要进行auth，直接写入数据
MFRC522_StopCrypto1
Close_MFRC522
下面有详细的代码，read为读取数据，write为向0区写数据的

上面需要改写上面链接中的MFRC522.py，详情如下
MFRC522.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
#
#    Copyright 2014,2018 Mario Gomez <mario.gomez@teubi.co>
#
#    This file is part of MFRC522-Python
#    MFRC522-Python is a simple Python implementation for
#    the MFRC522 NFC Card Reader for the Raspberry Pi.
#
#    MFRC522-Python is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
#    (at your option) any later version.
#
#    MFRC522-Python is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
#    along with MFRC522-Python.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import spidev
import signal
import time
import loggingclass MFRC522:MAX_LEN = 16PCD_IDLE = 0x00PCD_AUTHENT = 0x0EPCD_RECEIVE = 0x08PCD_TRANSMIT = 0x04PCD_TRANSCEIVE = 0x0CPCD_RESETPHASE = 0x0FPCD_CALCCRC = 0x03PICC_REQIDL = 0x26PICC_REQALL = 0x52PICC_ANTICOLL = 0x93PICC_SElECTTAG = 0x93PICC_AUTHENT1A = 0x60PICC_AUTHENT1B = 0x61PICC_READ = 0x30PICC_WRITE = 0xA0PICC_DECREMENT = 0xC0PICC_INCREMENT = 0xC1PICC_RESTORE = 0xC2PICC_TRANSFER = 0xB0PICC_HALT = 0x50MI_OK = 0MI_NOTAGERR = 1MI_ERR = 2Reserved00 = 0x00CommandReg = 0x01CommIEnReg = 0x02DivlEnReg = 0x03CommIrqReg = 0x04DivIrqReg = 0x05ErrorReg = 0x06Status1Reg = 0x07Status2Reg = 0x08FIFODataReg = 0x09FIFOLevelReg = 0x0AWaterLevelReg = 0x0BControlReg = 0x0CBitFramingReg = 0x0DCollReg = 0x0EReserved01 = 0x0FReserved10 = 0x10ModeReg = 0x11TxModeReg = 0x12RxModeReg = 0x13TxControlReg = 0x14TxAutoReg = 0x15TxSelReg = 0x16RxSelReg = 0x17RxThresholdReg = 0x18DemodReg = 0x19Reserved11 = 0x1AReserved12 = 0x1BMifareReg = 0x1CReserved13 = 0x1DReserved14 = 0x1ESerialSpeedReg = 0x1FReserved20 = 0x20CRCResultRegM = 0x21CRCResultRegL = 0x22Reserved21 = 0x23ModWidthReg = 0x24Reserved22 = 0x25RFCfgReg = 0x26GsNReg = 0x27CWGsPReg = 0x28ModGsPReg = 0x29TModeReg = 0x2ATPrescalerReg = 0x2BTReloadRegH = 0x2CTReloadRegL = 0x2DTCounterValueRegH = 0x2ETCounterValueRegL = 0x2FReserved30 = 0x30TestSel1Reg = 0x31TestSel2Reg = 0x32TestPinEnReg = 0x33TestPinValueReg = 0x34TestBusReg = 0x35AutoTestReg = 0x36VersionReg = 0x37AnalogTestReg = 0x38TestDAC1Reg = 0x39TestDAC2Reg = 0x3ATestADCReg = 0x3BReserved31 = 0x3CReserved32 = 0x3DReserved33 = 0x3EReserved34 = 0x3FserNum = []def __init__(self, bus=0, device=0, spd=1000000, pin_mode=10, pin_rst=-1, debugLevel='WARNING'):self.spi = spidev.SpiDev()self.spi.open(bus, device)self.spi.max_speed_hz = spdself.logger = logging.getLogger('mfrc522Logger')self.logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())level = logging.getLevelName(debugLevel)self.logger.setLevel(level)gpioMode = GPIO.getmode()if gpioMode is None:GPIO.setmode(pin_mode)else:pin_mode = gpioModeif pin_rst == -1:if pin_mode == 11:pin_rst = 15else:pin_rst = 22GPIO.setup(pin_rst, GPIO.OUT)GPIO.output(pin_rst, 1)self.MFRC522_Init()def MFRC522_Reset(self):self.Write_MFRC522(self.CommandReg, self.PCD_RESETPHASE)def Write_MFRC522(self, addr, val):self.spi.xfer2([(addr << 1) & 0x7E, val])def Read_MFRC522(self, addr):val = self.spi.xfer2([((addr << 1) & 0x7E) | 0x80, 0])return val[1]def Close_MFRC522(self):self.spi.close()GPIO.cleanup()def SetBitMask(self, reg, mask):tmp = self.Read_MFRC522(reg)self.Write_MFRC522(reg, tmp | mask)def ClearBitMask(self, reg, mask):tmp = self.Read_MFRC522(reg)self.Write_MFRC522(reg, tmp & (~mask))def AntennaOn(self):temp = self.Read_MFRC522(self.TxControlReg)if (~(temp & 0x03)):self.SetBitMask(self.TxControlReg, 0x03)def AntennaOff(self):self.ClearBitMask(self.TxControlReg, 0x03)def MFRC522_ToCard(self, command, sendData):backData = []backLen = 0status = self.MI_ERRirqEn = 0x00waitIRq = 0x00lastBits = Nonen = 0if command == self.PCD_AUTHENT:irqEn = 0x12waitIRq = 0x10if command == self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE:irqEn = 0x77waitIRq = 0x30self.Write_MFRC522(self.CommIEnReg, irqEn | 0x80)self.ClearBitMask(self.CommIrqReg, 0x80)self.SetBitMask(self.FIFOLevelReg, 0x80)self.Write_MFRC522(self.CommandReg, self.PCD_IDLE)for i in range(len(sendData)):self.Write_MFRC522(self.FIFODataReg, sendData[i])self.Write_MFRC522(self.CommandReg, command)if command == self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE:self.SetBitMask(self.BitFramingReg, 0x80)i = 2000while True:n = self.Read_MFRC522(self.CommIrqReg)i -= 1if ~((i != 0) and ~(n & 0x01) and ~(n & waitIRq)):breakself.ClearBitMask(self.BitFramingReg, 0x80)if i != 0:if (self.Read_MFRC522(self.ErrorReg) & 0x1B) == 0x00:status = self.MI_OKif n & irqEn & 0x01:status = self.MI_NOTAGERRif command == self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE:n = self.Read_MFRC522(self.FIFOLevelReg)lastBits = self.Read_MFRC522(self.ControlReg) & 0x07if lastBits != 0:backLen = (n - 1) * 8 + lastBitselse:backLen = n * 8if n == 0:n = 1if n > self.MAX_LEN:n = self.MAX_LENfor i in range(n):backData.append(self.Read_MFRC522(self.FIFODataReg))else:status = self.MI_ERRreturn (status, backData, backLen)def MFRC522_Request(self, reqMode):status = NonebackBits = NoneTagType = []self.Write_MFRC522(self.BitFramingReg, 0x07)TagType.append(reqMode)(status, backData, backBits) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, TagType)if ((status != self.MI_OK) | (backBits != 0x10)):status = self.MI_ERRreturn (status, backBits)def MFRC522_Anticoll(self):backData = []serNumCheck = 0serNum = []self.Write_MFRC522(self.BitFramingReg, 0x00)serNum.append(self.PICC_ANTICOLL)serNum.append(0x20)(status, backData, backBits) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, serNum)if (status == self.MI_OK):i = 0if len(backData) == 5:for i in range(4):serNumCheck = serNumCheck ^ backData[i]if serNumCheck != backData[4]:status = self.MI_ERRelse:status = self.MI_ERRreturn (status, backData)def CalulateCRC(self, pIndata):self.ClearBitMask(self.DivIrqReg, 0x04)self.SetBitMask(self.FIFOLevelReg, 0x80)for i in range(len(pIndata)):self.Write_MFRC522(self.FIFODataReg, pIndata[i])self.Write_MFRC522(self.CommandReg, self.PCD_CALCCRC)i = 0xFFwhile True:n = self.Read_MFRC522(self.DivIrqReg)i -= 1if not ((i != 0) and not (n & 0x04)):breakpOutData = []pOutData.append(self.Read_MFRC522(self.CRCResultRegL))pOutData.append(self.Read_MFRC522(self.CRCResultRegM))return pOutDatadef MFRC522_SelectTag(self, serNum):backData = []buf = []buf.append(self.PICC_SElECTTAG)buf.append(0x70)for i in range(5):buf.append(serNum[i])pOut = self.CalulateCRC(buf)buf.append(pOut[0])buf.append(pOut[1])(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buf)if (status == self.MI_OK) and (backLen == 0x18):self.logger.debug("Size: " + str(backData[0]))return backData[0]else:return 0def MFRC522_Auth(self, authMode, BlockAddr, Sectorkey, serNum):buff = []# First byte should be the authMode (A or B)buff.append(authMode)# Second byte is the trailerBlock (usually 7)buff.append(BlockAddr)# Now we need to append the authKey which usually is 6 bytes of 0xFFfor i in range(len(Sectorkey)):buff.append(Sectorkey[i])# Next we append the first 4 bytes of the UIDfor i in range(4):buff.append(serNum[i])# Now we start the authentication itself(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_AUTHENT, buff)# Check if an error occurredif not (status == self.MI_OK):self.logger.error("AUTH ERROR!!")if not (self.Read_MFRC522(self.Status2Reg) & 0x08) != 0:self.logger.error("AUTH ERROR(status2reg & 0x08) != 0")# Return the statusreturn statusdef MFRC522_StopCrypto1(self):self.ClearBitMask(self.Status2Reg, 0x08)def MFRC522_Read(self, blockAddr):recvData = []recvData.append(self.PICC_READ)recvData.append(blockAddr)pOut = self.CalulateCRC(recvData)recvData.append(pOut[0])recvData.append(pOut[1])(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, recvData)if not (status == self.MI_OK):self.logger.error("Error while reading!")if len(backData) == 16:self.logger.debug("Sector " + str(blockAddr) + " " + str(backData))return backDataelse:return Nonedef MFRC522_Halt(self):# cmd: 0x0c# buf: 0x50 0x00 crc[2]buf = []buf.append(self.PICC_HALT)buf.append(0)crc = self.CalulateCRC(buf)buf.append(crc[0])buf.append(crc[1])(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buf)return self.MI_OKdef MFRC522_WriteCmd40(self):retStatus = self.MI_OKself.Write_MFRC522(self.BitFramingReg, 0x07)# cmd: 0x0c# buf: 0x40buf = []buf.append(0x40)(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buf)if (status != self.MI_OK) or (backData[0] != 0x0a):retStatus = statusreturn retStatusdef MFRC522_WriteCmd43(self):retStatus = self.MI_OKself.Write_MFRC522(self.BitFramingReg, 0x08)# cmd: 0x0c# buf: 0x43buf = []buf.append(0x43)(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buf)if (status != self.MI_OK) or (backData[0] != 0x0a):retStatus = statusreturn retStatusdef MFRC522_Write(self, blockAddr, writeData):buff = []buff.append(self.PICC_WRITE)buff.append(blockAddr)crc = self.CalulateCRC(buff)buff.append(crc[0])buff.append(crc[1])(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buff)if not (status == self.MI_OK) or not (backLen == 4) or not ((backData[0] & 0x0F) == 0x0A):status = self.MI_ERRself.logger.debug("%s backdata &0x0F == 0x0A %s" % (backLen, backData[0] & 0x0F))if status == self.MI_OK:buf = []for i in range(16):buf.append(writeData[i])crc = self.CalulateCRC(buf)buf.append(crc[0])buf.append(crc[1])(status, backData, backLen) = self.MFRC522_ToCard(self.PCD_TRANSCEIVE, buf)if not (status == self.MI_OK) or not (backLen == 4) or not ((backData[0] & 0x0F) == 0x0A):self.logger.error("Error while writing")if status == self.MI_OK:self.logger.debug("Data written")return statusdef MFRC522_DumpClassic1K(self, key, uid):for i in range(64):status = self.MFRC522_Auth(self.PICC_AUTHENT1A, i, key, uid)# Check if authenticatedif status == self.MI_OK:self.MFRC522_Read(i)else:self.logger.error("Authentication error")def MFRC522_Init(self):self.MFRC522_Reset()self.Write_MFRC522(self.TModeReg, 0x8D)self.Write_MFRC522(self.TPrescalerReg, 0x3E)self.Write_MFRC522(self.TReloadRegL, 30)self.Write_MFRC522(self.TReloadRegH, 0)self.Write_MFRC522(self.TxAutoReg, 0x40)self.Write_MFRC522(self.ModeReg, 0x3D)self.AntennaOn()

read.py：读取出ic中的所有内容，key一般为[0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff]

import MFRC522
mfrcRead=MFRC522.MFRC522(debugLevel='DEBUG')
mfrcRead.MFRC522_Init()
key=[0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff]
while True:status, backBits=mfrcRead.MFRC522_Request(mfrcRead.PICC_REQIDL)print(status,backBits)if status==mfrcRead.MI_OK:break
status, uid=mfrcRead.MFRC522_Anticoll()
print(status,uid)
def print_hex(bytes):hexs = ['0x%02X' % (i) for i in bytes]print(','.join(hexs))
if status==mfrcRead.MI_OK:mfrcRead.MFRC522_SelectTag(uid)datas=[]for i in range(64):status=mfrcRead.MFRC522_Auth(mfrcRead.PICC_AUTHENT1A, i, key, uid)if status==mfrcRead.MI_OK:data = mfrcRead.MFRC522_Read(i)datas.append(data)mfrcRead.MFRC522_StopCrypto1()for data in datas:print_hex(data)
mfrcRead.Close_MFRC522()

write.py：开始写数据了，这个只是写0区的哦，其他的不需要用特殊指令就可以写入的。还要注意不要随便写每个扇区的第3个区（里面有key和控制字，随便写会出问题的）

import MFRC522
mfrcRead=MFRC522.MFRC522(debugLevel='DEBUG')
mfrcRead.MFRC522_Init()
key=[0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff]
data=[148, 5, 226, 212, 167, 8, 4, 0, 105, 115, 115, 105, 53, 54, 53, 48]
while True:#寻卡status, backBits=mfrcRead.MFRC522_Request(mfrcRead.PICC_REQIDL)print(status,backBits)if status==mfrcRead.MI_OK:break
#防冲撞
status, uid=mfrcRead.MFRC522_Anticoll()
print(status,uid)
def print_hex(bytes):hexs = ['0x%02X' % (i) for i in bytes]print(','.join(hexs))
if status==mfrcRead.MI_OK:#选卡mfrcRead.MFRC522_SelectTag(uid)i=0#关键步骤1，休眠status = mfrcRead.MFRC522_Halt()print("MFRC522_Halt %d" % status)#关键步骤2，发送40status = mfrcRead.MFRC522_WriteCmd40()if (status != mfrcRead.MI_OK):print("MFRC522_ToCard 0x40 error, status:%d" % status)#关键步骤3，发送43status = mfrcRead.MFRC522_WriteCmd43()if (status != mfrcRead.MI_OK):print("MFRC522_ToCard 0x43 error, status:%d" % status)#注意不要auth，直接写status = mfrcRead.MFRC522_Write(i, data)if(status==mfrcRead.MI_OK):print("write success")mfrcRead.MFRC522_StopCrypto1()
mfrcRead.Close_MFRC522()

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树莓派通过MFRC522写UIC卡0扇区

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