C# 使用自带的组件PrintPreviewDialog 和 PrintDocument实现打印预览（一）

文章目录

前言
相关内容了解
打印预览功能
- 1 创建winform工程
- 2 创建要打印的测试数据
- 3 绘制打印页
- 绘制页脚
- 绘制内容
- PrintPage事件
完整的代码工程
小节

前言

有这么个需求：DataTable中有一些数据是需要给显示或直接可以连接打印机进行打印的，查阅了一下资料，发现官方就有组件PrintPreviewDialog和PrintDocument能实现这个功能。

打印预览功能

1 创建winform工程

先创建一个winform工程，在窗体上放置了一个Button,名称是btnPreView打印预览的入口按钮，
还有一个PrintDocument组件,名称是myDocument用于呈现要打印的内容。

2 创建要打印的测试数据

使用一个全局DataTable 名为saveTable存放测试数据。这里创建了100 行* 5列的数据，每列分别是序号、名称、当前值、描述和默认值这五列。当然这只是我赋予的意义，为了好记而已。

        /// <summary>/// 构建临时数据表/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private DataTable CreateTable(){DataTable dt = new DataTable();DataColumn col1 = new DataColumn("Num", typeof(string)); //序号DataColumn col2 = new DataColumn("Name", typeof(string)); //名称DataColumn col3 = new DataColumn("Val", typeof(string));  //当前值DataColumn col4 = new DataColumn("Des", typeof(string));  //描述DataColumn col5 = new DataColumn("Set", typeof(string)); //默认值dt.Columns.Add(col1);dt.Columns.Add(col2);dt.Columns.Add(col3);dt.Columns.Add(col4);dt.Columns.Add(col5);Random random = new Random();List<string> nameList = new List<string>{"A", "BB", "CCC", "D","E", "F", "G","H","II","JJ", "LL", "M"};List<string> tempList = new List<string>{"dsd", "sdfdgvre", "Hello", "Gilrs","Today", "YYYY", "dfgre","GSD","fdgfer","Wesd", "DLG", "fsdahfi;o"};for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++){DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();//序号dr[0] = "KK" + i.ToString("d2") + "." + j.ToString("d2");//名称dr[1] = nameList[j];//当前值if (j % 3 == 0){dr[2] = random.NextDouble().ToString("f3");}else{dr[2] = i * j - random.Next(0, 30);}//描述dr[3] = tempList[j];//出厂值dr[4] = random.NextDouble().ToString("f2");//添加新行dt.Rows.Add(dr);}}return dt;}

3 绘制打印页

这里的绘制分为三个部分，表头、内容和页脚。绘制方法都是大同小异，只是为了模块化，划分了不同区域。使用Draw绘制，重要的是找到要绘制点的X 、Y 坐标，通过MeasureString计算字体的高度，其余的功能都还比较简单。
先看一下要打印的模板，类似下图。

绘制标题（页眉） 序号名称

        /// <summary>/// 绘制标题头/// </summary>/// <param name="e">绘图对象</param>/// <param name="tempTop">Y轴坐标</param>/// <param name="tempFormat">字符串格式</param>private void DrawTitle(System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e,int tempTop, StringFormat tempFormat){//绘制水平线e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black,new Point(e.MarginBounds.Left, tempTop),new Point(e.MarginBounds.Right, tempTop));Font printFont = new Font(fontName, fontNum);//计算字体的高度 K00ARk, 根据使用到的字进行组合成串int fontHeight = (int)(e.Graphics.MeasureString("K00ARk", printFont).Height);//画刷SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);//填充背景色e.Graphics.FillRectangle(Brushes.LightBlue,new RectangleF(e.MarginBounds.Left, tempTop, e.MarginBounds.Width, fontHeight));//列的序号int col = 0;//列 序号string drawString = TitleStr[col];//矩形框RectangleF rectangle = new RectangleF((int)cellLeft[col], tempTop,(int)cellWidth[col], fontHeight);e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 名称drawString = TitleStr[col];//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 设定值drawString = TitleStr[col];//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 默认值drawString = TitleStr[col];//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);}

绘制页脚

在底部添加公司信息和页码作为页脚。

        /// <summary>/// 绘制页脚/// </summary>/// <param name="e">绘图对象</param>/// <param name="pageNo">页面序号</param>private void DrawFooter(System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e, int pageNo){Font font = new Font("微软雅黑", 10);//绘制直线e.Graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(Color.Black, 1),new Point(e.MarginBounds.Left, e.MarginBounds.Bottom),new Point(e.MarginBounds.Right, e.MarginBounds.Bottom));//公司信息标注string tempStr = "Test for Windows(C) by 唠嗑一夏 Electric Corporation";e.Graphics.DrawString(tempStr,font, Brushes.Black,e.MarginBounds.Left,e.MarginBounds.Bottom+2);//页脚序号tempStr = pageNo.ToString();e.Graphics.DrawString(tempStr,font, Brushes.Black,e.MarginBounds.Right -  e.Graphics.MeasureString(tempStr, font).Width,e.MarginBounds.Bottom+2);}

绘制内容

一行一行的绘制DataTable中的数据内容。

        /// <summary>/// 绘制内容/// </summary>///  <param name="e">绘图对象</param>///  <param name="printIndex">数据行索引</param>/// <param name="tempTop">Y轴坐标</param>/// <param name="tempFormat">字符串格式</param>private void DrawContent(System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e, int printIndex, int tempTop, StringFormat tempFormat){Font printFont = new Font(fontName, fontNum);//计算字体的高度 K00ARk, 根据使用到的字进行组合成串int fontHeight = (int)(e.Graphics.MeasureString("K00ARk", printFont).Height);//画刷SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);//列的序号int col = 0;//列 序号string drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][0].ToString() + saveTable.Rows[printIndex][1].ToString();//矩形框RectangleF rectangle = new RectangleF((int)cellLeft[col], tempTop,(int)cellWidth[col], fontHeight);e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 名称drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][3].ToString();//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 设定值drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][2].ToString();//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 默认值drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][4].ToString();//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);}

PrintPage事件

计算每列占的比例，在事件中判断是否需要换页以及是否绘制结束。

   /// <summary>/// 当前页打印发生的事件/// </summary>/// <param name="sender"></param>/// <param name="e"></param>private void MyDocument_PrintPage(object sender, System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e){//页面大小PaperSize pageSize = e.PageSettings.PaperSize;//根据页面大小，按比例划分列宽//序号cellWidth[0] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.098);//描述cellWidth[1] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.36);//当前值cellWidth[2] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.2);//出厂值cellWidth[3] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.1176);//计算列的起始位置cellLeft[0] = e.PageSettings.Margins.Left;cellLeft[1] = cellLeft[0] + cellWidth[0];cellLeft[2] = cellLeft[1] + cellWidth[1];cellLeft[3] = cellLeft[2] + cellWidth[2];//高度int tempTop = e.MarginBounds.Top;//是否新的页面bool tempIsNewPage = true;//设置打印字符串的格式StringFormat tempStrFormat = new StringFormat{Alignment = StringAlignment.Near,LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center,Trimming = StringTrimming.EllipsisCharacter};//设置字体Font printFont = new Font("宋体", 9);//计算字体的高度int fontHeight = (int)e.Graphics.MeasureString("KK00.10序号", printFont).Height;//指定高质量、低速度呈现e.Graphics.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;try{string printStr;while(printPoint < saveTable.Rows.Count){//逐行分页打印所有参数if (tempTop + fontHeight > e.MarginBounds.Bottom){//判断当前打印是否超出页面范围，决定是否换页//打印页脚DrawFooter(e, PageNo);PageNo++;//继续分页打印e.HasMorePages = true;return;}//打印当前页的内容//KK00.00printStr = saveTable.Rows[printPoint][0].ToString().Substring(5);if (printStr.Equals("00") || tempIsNewPage){//一组数据的开始tempIsNewPage = false;tempTop += 2;//绘制标题DrawTitle(e, tempTop, tempStrFormat);tempTop += fontHeight;}//绘制内容DrawContent(e, printPoint, tempTop, tempStrFormat);//更新Y轴高度tempTop += fontHeight;//序号自增printPoint++;//判断是否已经到终点if(printPoint >= saveTable.Rows.Count){//绘制页脚DrawFooter(e, PageNo);//重置打印参数PageNo = 1;printPoint = 0;return;}}}catch{}}

完整的代码工程

下面是完整的代码工程，设计界面的代码就不列出来了。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Printing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;namespace PrintDemo
{public partial class Form1 : Form{//打印序号int printPoint = 0;//页码int PageNo = 1;//表头名称string[] TitleStr = new string[]{"序号", "名称", "当前值", "出厂值"};//列宽float[] cellWidth = new float[4];//列左侧的起始位置float[] cellLeft = new float[4];//数据表DataTable saveTable;string fontName = "宋体";int fontNum = 9;public Form1(){InitializeComponent();}private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e){//数据saveTable = CreateTable();//打印预览按钮btnPreView.Click += BtnPreView_Click;//当前页打印发生的事件myDocument.PrintPage += MyDocument_PrintPage;}/// <summary>/// 构建临时数据表/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private DataTable CreateTable(){DataTable dt = new DataTable();DataColumn col1 = new DataColumn("Num", typeof(string)); //序号DataColumn col2 = new DataColumn("Name", typeof(string)); //名称DataColumn col3 = new DataColumn("Val", typeof(string));  //当前值DataColumn col4 = new DataColumn("Des", typeof(string));  //描述DataColumn col5 = new DataColumn("Set", typeof(string)); //默认值dt.Columns.Add(col1);dt.Columns.Add(col2);dt.Columns.Add(col3);dt.Columns.Add(col4);dt.Columns.Add(col5);Random random = new Random();List<string> nameList = new List<string>{"A", "BB", "CCC", "D","E", "F", "G","H","II","JJ", "LL", "M"};List<string> tempList = new List<string>{"dsd", "sdfdgvre", "Hello", "Gilrs","Today", "YYYY", "dfgre","GSD","fdgfer","Wesd", "DLG", "fsdahfi;o"};for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++){DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();//序号dr[0] = "KK" + i.ToString("d2") + "." + j.ToString("d2");//名称dr[1] = nameList[j];//当前值if (j % 3 == 0){dr[2] = random.NextDouble().ToString("f3");}else{dr[2] = i * j - random.Next(0, 30);}//描述dr[3] = tempList[j];//出厂值dr[4] = random.NextDouble().ToString("f2");//添加新行dt.Rows.Add(dr);}}return dt;}/// <summary>/// 打印预览/// </summary>/// <param name="sender"></param>/// <param name="e"></param>private void BtnPreView_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){//打印预览对话框PrintPreviewDialog dialog = new PrintPreviewDialog();dialog.Document = myDocument;dialog.ShowIcon = false;dialog.ShowDialog();}/// <summary>/// 当前页打印发生的事件/// </summary>/// <param name="sender"></param>/// <param name="e"></param>private void MyDocument_PrintPage(object sender, System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e){//页面大小PaperSize pageSize = e.PageSettings.PaperSize;//根据页面大小，按比例划分列宽//序号cellWidth[0] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.098);//描述cellWidth[1] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.36);//当前值cellWidth[2] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.2);//出厂值cellWidth[3] = (float)(pageSize.Width * 0.1176);//计算列的起始位置cellLeft[0] = e.PageSettings.Margins.Left;cellLeft[1] = cellLeft[0] + cellWidth[0];cellLeft[2] = cellLeft[1] + cellWidth[1];cellLeft[3] = cellLeft[2] + cellWidth[2];//高度int tempTop = e.MarginBounds.Top;//是否新的页面bool tempIsNewPage = true;//设置打印字符串的格式StringFormat tempStrFormat = new StringFormat{Alignment = StringAlignment.Near,LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center,Trimming = StringTrimming.EllipsisCharacter};//设置字体Font printFont = new Font("宋体", 9);//计算字体的高度int fontHeight = (int)e.Graphics.MeasureString("KK00.10序号", printFont).Height;//指定高质量、低速度呈现e.Graphics.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;try{string printStr;while(printPoint < saveTable.Rows.Count){//逐行分页打印所有参数if (tempTop + fontHeight > e.MarginBounds.Bottom){//判断当前打印是否超出页面范围，决定是否换页//打印页脚DrawFooter(e, PageNo);PageNo++;//继续分页打印e.HasMorePages = true;return;}//打印当前页的内容//KK00.00printStr = saveTable.Rows[printPoint][0].ToString().Substring(5);if (printStr.Equals("00") || tempIsNewPage){//一组数据的开始tempIsNewPage = false;tempTop += 2;//绘制标题DrawTitle(e, tempTop, tempStrFormat);tempTop += fontHeight;}//绘制内容DrawContent(e, printPoint, tempTop, tempStrFormat);//更新Y轴高度tempTop += fontHeight;//序号自增printPoint++;//判断是否已经到终点if(printPoint >= saveTable.Rows.Count){//绘制页脚DrawFooter(e, PageNo);//重置打印参数PageNo = 1;printPoint = 0;return;}}}catch{}}/// <summary>/// 绘制页脚/// </summary>/// <param name="e">绘图对象</param>/// <param name="pageNo">页面序号</param>private void DrawFooter(System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e, int pageNo){Font font = new Font("微软雅黑", 10);//绘制直线e.Graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(Color.Black, 1),new Point(e.MarginBounds.Left, e.MarginBounds.Bottom),new Point(e.MarginBounds.Right, e.MarginBounds.Bottom));//公司信息标注string tempStr = "Test for Windows(C) by 唠嗑一夏 Electric Corporation";e.Graphics.DrawString(tempStr,font, Brushes.Black,e.MarginBounds.Left,e.MarginBounds.Bottom+2);//页脚序号tempStr = pageNo.ToString();e.Graphics.DrawString(tempStr,font, Brushes.Black,e.MarginBounds.Right -  e.Graphics.MeasureString(tempStr, font).Width,e.MarginBounds.Bottom+2);}/// <summary>/// 绘制标题头/// </summary>/// <param name="e">绘图对象</param>/// <param name="tempTop">Y轴坐标</param>/// <param name="tempFormat">字符串格式</param>private void DrawTitle(System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e,int tempTop, StringFormat tempFormat){//绘制水平线e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black,new Point(e.MarginBounds.Left, tempTop),new Point(e.MarginBounds.Right, tempTop));Font printFont = new Font(fontName, fontNum);//计算字体的高度 K00ARk, 根据使用到的字进行组合成串int fontHeight = (int)(e.Graphics.MeasureString("K00ARk", printFont).Height);//画刷SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);//填充背景色e.Graphics.FillRectangle(Brushes.LightBlue,new RectangleF(e.MarginBounds.Left, tempTop, e.MarginBounds.Width, fontHeight));//列的序号int col = 0;//列 序号string drawString = TitleStr[col];//矩形框RectangleF rectangle = new RectangleF((int)cellLeft[col], tempTop,(int)cellWidth[col], fontHeight);e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 名称drawString = TitleStr[col];//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 设定值drawString = TitleStr[col];//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 默认值drawString = TitleStr[col];//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);}/// <summary>/// 绘制内容/// </summary>///  <param name="e">绘图对象</param>///  <param name="printIndex">数据行索引</param>/// <param name="tempTop">Y轴坐标</param>/// <param name="tempFormat">字符串格式</param>private void DrawContent(System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e, int printIndex, int tempTop, StringFormat tempFormat){Font printFont = new Font(fontName, fontNum);//计算字体的高度 K00ARk, 根据使用到的字进行组合成串int fontHeight = (int)(e.Graphics.MeasureString("K00ARk", printFont).Height);//画刷SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);//列的序号int col = 0;//列 序号string drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][0].ToString() + saveTable.Rows[printIndex][1].ToString();//矩形框RectangleF rectangle = new RectangleF((int)cellLeft[col], tempTop,(int)cellWidth[col], fontHeight);e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 名称drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][3].ToString();//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 设定值drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][2].ToString();//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);col++;//列 默认值drawString = saveTable.Rows[printIndex][4].ToString();//水平向右平移 并设置矩形框的宽度rectangle.X = cellLeft[col];rectangle.Width = cellWidth[col];e.Graphics.DrawString(drawString, printFont,brush, rectangle, tempFormat);}}
}

最后的效果图

小节

1 使用PrintPreviewDialog + PrintDocument 可以实现打印预览功能

2 页面的绘制是在PrintDocument 的PrintDocument.PrintPage打印页事件中绘制

3 System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e 在 e.Graphics的画布上进行绘制，DrawString绘制文本，DrawLine绘制直线，FillRectangle填充背景色，根据实际需要选择相应的接口。

4 绘制需要注意绘制点的X Y 坐标，可以以页面的边距e.MarginBounds作为参考点，使用e.Graphics.MeasureString可以测量该字符串占用的高和宽。