多语言站点怎样设置？

花了半天时间看阿里巴巴和谷歌的资料，终于把多语言站点的设置整明白了。

多语言站点的域名选择

如果是一个多语言切换网站

下图是阿里巴巴网站的逻辑：

代码解释：

rel表示relationship，canonical表示主体，alternate表示变体，amphtml是AMP站，针对网速慢的地区可以专门做AMP网站。

主页代码设置

www.alibaba.com的主页<head>里添加：

<link rel="canonical"  href="https://www.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href= "https://m.alibaba.com" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://french.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://spanish.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://german.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://italian.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://portuguese.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://russian.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://arabic.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://korean.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://japanese.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://turkish.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="th" href="https://thai.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="vi" href="https://vietnamese.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://dutch.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="he" href="https://hebrew.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://indonesian.alibaba.com">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="hi" href="https://hindi.alibaba.com">

说明：

1.<link rel="canonical" href="htt " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" ql-global="true" style="">ps://www.alibaba.com"> 表示网页主体是 " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" ql-global="true" style="">www.alibaba.com

2.<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://french.alibaba.com">

将某个网页针对不同语言或区域提供的多个版本告知 Google，每个语言版本的每个网页都添加。除了主页，其他页面也添加。

小词projector搜索结果页<head>里：

<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="https://m.alibaba.com/showroom/projector.html" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://french.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://german.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://portuguese.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://italian.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://spanish.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://russian.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://korean.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://arabic.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://japanese.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://turkish.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="th" href="https://thai.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="vi" href="https://vietnamese.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://dutch.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="he" href="https://hebrew.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://indonesian.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="hi" href="https://hindi.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://chinese.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" /><link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.alibaba.intl.android.apps.poseidon/enalibaba/sc-productList?keyword=projector&page=1&from=google_www" />

说明：

1.<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/projector.html" />说明主体网页。

2.<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="https://m.alibaba.com/showroom/projector.html" /> 说明手机站是变体。

3.<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://french.alibaba.com/g/projector.html" />

将某个网页针对不同语言或区域提供的多个版本告知 Google，每个语言版本的每个网页都添加。

4.<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.alibaba.intl.android.apps.poseidon/enalibaba/sc-productList?keyword=projector&page=1&from=google_www" /> 处理 Android 应用链接（不知道是否正确）

小语种网站主页的多语言设置：例如法语站

<link rel="canonical"  href="https://french.alibaba.com"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href= "https://m.french.alibaba.com" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://french.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://spanish.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://german.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://italian.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://portuguese.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://russian.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://arabic.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://korean.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://japanese.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://turkish.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="th" href="https://thai.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="vi" href="https://vietnamese.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://dutch.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="he" href="https://hebrew.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://indonesian.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="hi" href="https://hindi.alibaba.com">

手机站的多语言设置：

<link rel="amphtml" href="https://m.japanese.alibaba.com/amp/promotion/promotion_%25e5%25a5%25b3%25e3%2581%25ae%25e5%25ad%2590%25e3%2581%25ae%25e7%2594%25b7%25e3%2581%25ae%25e5%25ad%2590%25e3%2581%25ae%25e8%25a1%25a3%25e9%25a1%259e-promotion-list.html"><link rel="canonical" href="https://japanese.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://m.french.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://m.spanish.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://m.german.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://m.italian.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://m.portuguese.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://m.russian.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://m.arabic.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://m.korean.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://m.japanese.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://m.turkish.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="th" href="https://m.thai.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="vi" href="https://m.vietnamese.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://m.dutch.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="he" href="https://m.hebrew.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://m.indonesian.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="hi" href="https://m.hindi.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html">

说明：

1.<link rel="amphtml" href="https://m.japanese.alibaba.com/amp/promotion/promotion_%25e5%25a5%25b3%25e3%2581%25ae%25e5%25ad%2590%25e3%2581%25ae%25e7%2594%25b7%25e3%2581%25ae%25e5%25ad%2590%25e3%2581%25ae%25e8%25a1%25a3%25e9%25a1%259e-promotion-list.html"> 表示AMP站

<link rel="canonical" href="https://japanese.alibaba.com/promotion/promotion_girl-boy-clothing-promotion-list.html"> 表示主体是PC端网页
其余都是本地化设置。

日本AMP站的多语言设置：

<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://m.french.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://m.spanish.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://m.german.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://m.italian.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://m.portuguese.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://m.russian.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://m.arabic.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://m.korean.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://m.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://m.japanese.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://m.turkish.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="th" href="https://m.thai.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="vi" href="https://m.vietnamese.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://m.dutch.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="he" href="https://m.hebrew.alibaba.com"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://m.indonesian.alibaba.com">

说明：

1.<link rel="canonical" href="htt " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" ql-global="true" style="">ps://www.alibaba.com"> 表示主体是www.alibaba.com

2.其余都是本地化设置。

单个产品(非小词)用JS判断显示哪种语言

多语言切换网站的sitemap处理

sitemap多语言处理也是在基本sitemap的基础上增加了xhtml herflang声明，例如如下Google多语言sitemap优化标准的案例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><url><loc>http://www.example.com/en</loc><xhtml:linkrel="alternate"hreflang="de"href="http://www.example.com/de" /><xhtml:linkrel="alternate"hreflang="en"href="http://www.example.com/en" /></url><url><loc>http://www.example.com/de</loc><xhtml:linkrel="alternate"hreflang="de"href="http://www.example.com/de" /><xhtml:linkrel="alternate"hreflang="en"href="http://www.example.com/en" /></url>
</urlset>

如果每种语言的网站都是单独的

按照正常方法单独给各个网站设置sitemap。

相同语言且内容相同、但区域不同的网站，只需要在网页设置代码<link rel=”alternate” hreflang=”lang_code” href=”url_of_page” />即可。

语言不同的网站不是重复内容，语言不同也是内容差异化的一种，所以不同语言的独立网站不需要加代码。

例如：

假如我有2个独立的网站，都是英语且内容完全一样，一个区域是美国，一个区域是英国。要在美国站网站的主页的<head>里加上：

href="https://en-gb.example.com/page.html" />

告诉搜索引擎除了这个网站，我还有英国站点。

在英国站的主页的<head>里加上：

href="https://en-us.example.com/page.html" />

告诉搜索引擎除了这个网站，我还有美国站点。

如果是shopify网站，就在theme.liquid里加。