Form表单的验证验证，就是在提交表单的时候进行验证是否为空，是否满足特定条件才可以创建。常见的表单有前端验证和后端验证。

其中，前端验证有：HTML验证，JS验证，Jquery验证。后端验证有：JSR303验证、 Spring 验证框架。

一.先讲解下JSR303的验证方式

二.逻辑方法验证适合Spring框架验证

我们先来讲述下，JSR303的验证。

接上上个项目：

我们在后台先增一个路径add，提交表单处理的路径。

add(UserForm userForm, BindingResult bindingResult, Model model)

package com.form.controller;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import com.form.forms.UserForm;@Controller
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {@RequestMapping("show")public String  show(Model model) {UserForm userForm = new UserForm();userForm.setId("zhm");userForm.setName("001");this.setModel(model);model.addAttribute("userForm",userForm);return "addUser";}@RequestMapping("add")public String add(UserForm userForm, BindingResult bindingResult, Model model) {String id = userForm.getId();String name = userForm.getName();model.addAttribute("id", id);model.addAttribute("name", name);return "success";}private void setModel(Model model) {//set genderMap<String, String> genderMap = new HashMap<String, String>();genderMap.put("man", "Man");genderMap.put("woman", "Woman");//set HobbyMap<String, String> hobbyMap = new HashMap<String, String>();hobbyMap.put("dancing", "Dancing");hobbyMap.put("singing", "Singing");hobbyMap.put("printing", "Printing");//CountryMap<String, String> countryMap = new HashMap<String, String>();countryMap.put("china", "China");countryMap.put("japan", "Japan");countryMap.put("us", "US");model.addAttribute("genderMap", genderMap);model.addAttribute("hobbyMap", hobbyMap);model.addAttribute("countryMap", countryMap);}
}

让其跳转到success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>form application is successful.${id }<br/>${name }
</body>
</html>

运行tomcat，测试结果

但是这种是没有进行表单处理的，直接提交到了后台。所以我们在controller层进行表单验证

一.先讲解下JSR303的验证方式

我们需要在pom.xml中进行添加依赖：添加下列两个依赖包：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.form</groupId><artifactId>SpringMVC-FormProject</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>SpringMVC-FormProject Maven Webapp</name><url>http://maven.apache.org</url><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>4.1.2.RELEASE</version></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>SpringMVC-FormProject</finalName><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

同时也需要在springmvc的XML中进行配置使用上面的两个库：

需要使用创建下面三个类：

解读下下面三个类的关系：

1. 我们通过创建一个名叫“messageSource”的类对象，该对象的功能是去读取resources目录下的一个配置文件名叫“message.properties”,并且设置加载编码为UTF8格式，设置缓存时间为120.

2.我们通过一个名叫“validator”的类对象。该对象的功能是：调用“messageSource”的类对象，get它的message信息作为验证信息。

3.通过创建一个名叫“conversion”的类对象，该对象的功能是通过mvc:annotation-driven 的注解驱动将validator对象里的验证信息进行转换，中翻译为英文，或者英文翻译为中文。即多语言功能

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"><!-- 配置扫描的包  == application.xml--><context:component-scan base-package="com.form"/><!-- 配置视图解析器 --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property><property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property></bean><!-- 加载外部的语言文件 --><bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource"><property name="basename" value="classpath:message"></property><property name="useCodeAsDefaultMessage" value="false"></property><property name="fileEncodings" value="UTF-8"></property><property name="cacheSeconds" value="120"></property></bean><bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean"><property name="providerClass" value="org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator"></property><property name="validationMessageSource" ref="messageSource"></property></bean><bean id="conversion" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"/>
</beans>

我们创建一个名为“message.properties”的文件信息：

id.validator=id is required
name.validator=name length must be between 3 and 10
password.required=password is required
password.validator=password length must be between 6 and 10
Min.userForm.age=the min value of age is 1
Max.userForm.age=the max value of age is 110
phone.validator=phone format is error
birthday.validator=birthday should be a past year
repeatPassword.validate=repeat password should be the same with password

然后我们在userForm类中直接加入验证

package com.form.forms;import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;import javax.validation.constraints.Max;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;public class UserForm {@NotEmpty(message="{id.validator}")private String id;@Length(min=3, max=10, message="{name.validator}")private String name;@NotEmpty(message="{password.required}")@Length(min=6, max=10, message="{password.validator}")private String password;@NotEmpty(message="{password.required}")@Length(min=6, max=10, message="{password.validator}")private String repeatPassword;@Min(1)@Max(110)private int age;@Pattern(regexp="[1][3|4|5|7|8][0-9]{9}$", message="{phone.validator}")private String phoneNumber;private String gender;private List<String> hobby;private String country;private String remark;//@Future@Past(message="{birthday.validator}")@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy/MM/dd")private Date birthday;@Emailprivate String email;public String getId() {return id;}public void setId(String id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}public String getRepeatPassword() {return repeatPassword;}public void setRepeatPassword(String repeatPassword) {this.repeatPassword = repeatPassword;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public String getPhoneNumber() {return phoneNumber;}public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;}public String getGender() {return gender;}public void setGender(String gender) {this.gender = gender;}public List<String> getHobby() {return hobby;}public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {this.hobby = hobby;}public String getCountry() {return country;}public void setCountry(String country) {this.country = country;}public String getRemark() {return remark;}public void setRemark(String remark) {this.remark = remark;}public Date getBirthday() {return birthday;}public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {this.birthday = birthday;}public String getEmail() {return email;}public void setEmail(String email) {this.email = email;}}

同时也是需要在controller层进行验证userForm,只需要加一个@Valid

@Valid UserForm userForm 解读：该功能是递归验证方法，当提交userForm表单时，会验证userForm对象里的属性参数，也就是上面设置的UserForm.java里面的每个属性验证。

bindingResult.hasErrors() 解读：通常我们提交表单，如果验证失败，我们不用再次填写表单，此时就需要进行数据回源。即，返回原来的页面，并将userForm原本返回

package com.form.controller;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;import javax.validation.Valid;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import com.form.forms.UserForm;@Controller
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {@RequestMapping("show")public String  show(Model model) {UserForm userForm = new UserForm();userForm.setId("zhm");userForm.setName("001");this.setModel(model);model.addAttribute("userForm",userForm);return "addUser";}@RequestMapping("add")public String add(@Valid UserForm userForm, BindingResult bindingResult, Model model) {if(bindingResult.hasErrors()) {model.addAttribute("userForm", userForm);this.setModel(model);return "addUser";}String id = userForm.getId();String name = userForm.getName();model.addAttribute("id", id);model.addAttribute("name", name);return "success";}private void setModel(Model model) {//set genderMap<String, String> genderMap = new HashMap<String, String>();genderMap.put("man", "Man");genderMap.put("woman", "Woman");//set HobbyMap<String, String> hobbyMap = new HashMap<String, String>();hobbyMap.put("dancing", "Dancing");hobbyMap.put("singing", "Singing");hobbyMap.put("printing", "Printing");//CountryMap<String, String> countryMap = new HashMap<String, String>();countryMap.put("china", "China");countryMap.put("japan", "Japan");countryMap.put("us", "US");model.addAttribute("genderMap", genderMap);model.addAttribute("hobbyMap", hobbyMap);model.addAttribute("countryMap", countryMap);}
}

jsp页面也需要添加，数据回源的表单：modelAttribute="userForm"

<form:form method="POST" action="add" commandName="userForm" modelAttribute="userForm">

<form:errors 解读，用于页面显示验证信息。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<%@taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Add User</title>
<style type="text/css"></style>
</head>
<body><h2> Add User</h2><!-- 表单的名字： action = 响应路径   ， commandName =表单名称    ，method == 提交方式  --><form:form method="POST" action="add" commandName="userForm" modelAttribute="userForm"><table><tr><td><form:label path="id">ID</form:label></td><td><form:input path="id" maxlength="8"/> * <form:errors path="id"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="name">Name</form:label></td><td><form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="password">Password</form:label></td><td><form:password path="password"/><form:errors path="password"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="repeatPassword">Repeat Password</form:label></td><td><form:password path="repeatPassword"/><form:errors path="repeatPassword"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="age">Age</form:label></td><td><form:input path="age"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="phoneNumber">Phone Number</form:label></td><td><form:input path="phoneNumber"/><form:errors path="phoneNumber"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="gender">Gender</form:label></td><td><%-- <form:radiobutton path="gender" value="man"/>男<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="woman"/>女 --%><form:radiobuttons path="gender" items="${genderMap }"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="hobby">Hobby</form:label></td><td><%-- <form:checkbox path="hobby" value="dancing"/>Dancing<form:checkbox path="hobby" value="singing"/>Singing<form:checkbox path="hobby" value="Printing"/>Printing --%><form:checkboxes items="${hobbyMap }" path="hobby"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="country">Country</form:label></td><td><%-- <form:select path="country"><form:option value="china">China</form:option><form:option value="japan">Japan</form:option><form:option value="us">US</form:option></form:select> --%><form:select path="country" items="${countryMap }"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="remark">Remark</form:label></td><td><form:textarea path="remark"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="birthday">Birthday</form:label></td><td><form:input path="birthday"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="email">Email</form:label></td><td><form:input path="email"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><form:button>Submit</form:button></td></tr></table></form:form>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript"></script>
</html>

运行tomcat，测试结果。

会展示相关的验证提醒信息。

二.逻辑方法验证适合Spring框架验证

首先，我们需要实现springFramework框架下的Validator验证接口。

并实现里面的方法：

supports方法解读：要支持验证哪一个Form表单？

validate 方法解读：验证前台传过来的表单数据：target = 前台表单数据 Errors =返回显示验证信息

package com.form.validator;import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;import com.form.forms.UserForm;public class UserValidator implements Validator {@Overridepublic boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {// 在这里你要支持验证哪一个Form表单？return UserForm.class.equals(clazz);}@Overridepublic void validate(Object target, Errors errors) {// 验证前台传过来的表单数据：target = 前台表单数据UserForm userForm = (UserForm)target;String id = userForm.getId();String name = userForm.getName();String password = userForm.getPassword();String repeatPassword = userForm.getRepeatPassword();//验证：如果错误则提示消息，会自动调用在springmvc中配置好的message验证消息。if(!password.equals(repeatPassword)) {errors.rejectValue("repeatPassword", "repeatPassword.validate");}//其余剩下的不写了，省略。。。。。。}}

然后在控制层，调用该验证方法即可：

InitBinder 解读：spring的表单验证方式，程序启动时会进行初始化，提交表单会自动配置并且验证

package com.form.controller;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;import javax.validation.Valid;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.DataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import com.form.forms.UserForm;
import com.form.validator.UserValidator;@Controller
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {@RequestMapping("show")public String show(Model model) {UserForm userForm = new UserForm();userForm.setId("zhm");userForm.setName("001");this.setModel(model);model.addAttribute("userForm", userForm);return "addUser";}@RequestMapping("add")public String add(@Valid UserForm userForm, BindingResult bindingResult, Model model) {if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {model.addAttribute("userForm", userForm);this.setModel(model);return "addUser";}String id = userForm.getId();String name = userForm.getName();model.addAttribute("id", id);model.addAttribute("name", name);return "success";}// spring的表单验证方式，程序启动时会进行初始化，提交表单会自动配置并且验证@InitBinder public void bindValidator(DataBinder dataBinder) {dataBinder.setValidator(new UserValidator()); }private void setModel(Model model) {// set genderMap<String, String> genderMap = new HashMap<String, String>();genderMap.put("man", "Man");genderMap.put("woman", "Woman");// set HobbyMap<String, String> hobbyMap = new HashMap<String, String>();hobbyMap.put("dancing", "Dancing");hobbyMap.put("singing", "Singing");hobbyMap.put("printing", "Printing");// CountryMap<String, String> countryMap = new HashMap<String, String>();countryMap.put("china", "China");countryMap.put("japan", "Japan");countryMap.put("us", "US");model.addAttribute("genderMap", genderMap);model.addAttribute("hobbyMap", hobbyMap);model.addAttribute("countryMap", countryMap);}
}

运行tomcat，测试输入不一样的密码进行验证：

三用Springmvc配置国际化语言的验证消息

我需要再添加两个文件：

英文的验证信息文件名：message_en.properties

id.validator=id is required
name.validator=name length must be between 3 and 10
password.required=password is required

中文的验证信息文件名：message_zh.properties，在该文件里修改验证信息会自动转码

id.validator=\u8D26\u53F7\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u7A7A
name.validator=\u540D\u5B57\u7684\u957F\u5EA6\u5728 3 \u81F3 10 \u4E4B\u95F4
password.required=\u5BC6\u7801\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u7A7A

我们在springmvc-servlet.xml中配置了多语言转换功能。直接测试既可以

第二：标签也可以改为国际化语言：

在jsp中加入 tags头标签即可：

<%@taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" %>

在jsp中使用方法：

<h2><spring:message code="text.user.title"/></h2>
<spring:message code="text.id"/>
<spring:message code="text.name"/>

全文如下：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<%@taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Add User</title>
<style type="text/css"></style>
</head>
<body><h2><spring:message code="text.user.title"/></h2><!-- 表单的名字： action = 响应路径   ， commandName =表单名称    ，method == 提交方式  --><form:form method="POST" action="add" commandName="userForm" modelAttribute="userForm"><table><tr><td><form:label path="id"><spring:message code="text.id"/></form:label></td><td><form:input path="id" maxlength="8"/> * <form:errors path="id"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="name"><spring:message code="text.name"/></form:label></td><td><form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="password">Password</form:label></td><td><form:password path="password"/><form:errors path="password"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="repeatPassword">Repeat Password</form:label></td><td><form:password path="repeatPassword"/><form:errors path="repeatPassword"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="age">Age</form:label></td><td><form:input path="age"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="phoneNumber">Phone Number</form:label></td><td><form:input path="phoneNumber"/><form:errors path="phoneNumber"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="gender">Gender</form:label></td><td><%-- <form:radiobutton path="gender" value="man"/>男<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="woman"/>女 --%><form:radiobuttons path="gender" items="${genderMap }"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="hobby">Hobby</form:label></td><td><%-- <form:checkbox path="hobby" value="dancing"/>Dancing<form:checkbox path="hobby" value="singing"/>Singing<form:checkbox path="hobby" value="Printing"/>Printing --%><form:checkboxes items="${hobbyMap }" path="hobby"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="country">Country</form:label></td><td><%-- <form:select path="country"><form:option value="china">China</form:option><form:option value="japan">Japan</form:option><form:option value="us">US</form:option></form:select> --%><form:select path="country" items="${countryMap }"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="remark">Remark</form:label></td><td><form:textarea path="remark"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="birthday">Birthday</form:label></td><td><form:input path="birthday"/></td></tr><tr><td><form:label path="email">Email</form:label></td><td><form:input path="email"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><form:button>Submit</form:button></td></tr></table></form:form>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript"></script>
</html>

当然，需要在message_zh.properties的配置文件中加入

text.user.title=\u65B0\u589E\u7528\u6237
text.id=\u8D26\u53F7
text.name=\u59D3\u540D

测试结果：实现了国际化

四.Filter过滤器

我们在属于中文信息进行验证的时候，数据回流，出现乱码。这时候，我们就需要用到Filter过滤器

只需要在web.xml中进行配置：

标签解读：

<filter-class>解读：相当于new 了一个CharacterEncodingFilter类对象

<filter-name>解读：将新建的类对象命名为 “characterEncodingFilter”

<init-param>解读：将characterEncodingFilter对象设置属性功能：encoding = UTF8

<url-pattern>解读：调用characterEncodingFilter对象去过滤哪些页面？

/* 解读：所有页面

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaeehttp://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"><display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name><!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests --><servlet><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><!-- 重新定义springmvc文件存放的位置 --><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><!-- 会直接读取resources文件目录下的配置 --><param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value></init-param><!-- tomcat启动的时候会重新加载  --><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling --><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><filter><filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>
</web-app>

修改后测试：数据回流正常

filter还能过滤一些敏感词汇

Spring MVC 第四章：Form表单验证-JSR303和Spring框架验证以及国际化语言、Filter过滤器相关推荐

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