Docker的基本命令及使用
2024-04-20 12:53:15
Docker基本命令及使用
帮助命令
# 显示Docker的版本信息
Docker version
# 显示Docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
Docker info
# 帮助命令（万能命令）
Docker 命令 --help
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 3 months ago 13.3kB# 解释
REPOSITORY （镜像的仓库源）
TAG （镜像的标签）
IMAGE ID （镜像的id）
CREATED （镜像的创建时间）
SIZE （镜像的大小）# 可选项
Options:-a, --all # 列出所有的镜像-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像id
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11869 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果编写tag，默认为latest最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址docker pull mysql
# 等价于
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest# 指定文件下载
[root@MyServer ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
# 指定删除镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world
# 删除多个镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world MySQL# 删除全部（）递归删除
[root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
[root@MyServer ~]# docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名称 tomcat01 tomcat02用来区分容器；
-d 后台运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080：8080-p ip:主机端口：容器端口-p 主机端口：容器端口 （常用）-p 容器端口容器端口
-P 随机指定端口# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@MyServer ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@5089ff8198de /]# ls #查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var# 退回主机
[root@5089ff8198de /]# exit
exit
[root@MyServer ~]# ls
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令# 列出当前正在运行的容器-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行数据-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器-q # 只显示容器的编号 [root@MyServer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@MyServer ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5089ff8198de centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (130) About a minute ago nifty_goldwasser
5e65e7f991d5 3218b38490ce "docker-entrypoint.s…" 31 minutes ago Exited (1) 31 minutes ago gifted_roentgen
cf133c215785 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 3 days ago Exited (0) 3 days ago kind_chaplygin
9aff26ba3d44 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 3 days ago Exited (0) 3 days ago jolly_engelbart
退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器并停止
Ctil+P+Q # 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器，不能删除运行中的容器
docker rm -f # 强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
启动停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止容器
docker kill 容器id # 暴力停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
[root@MyServer ~]# docker run -d centos
4005f6ab5ad1d9429bb8cceff5882ce05c019e005bccf89563e2447a757d84c6# 问题docker ps， 发现centos停止了# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行；就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志# shell脚本---"不停循环执行"
[root@MyServer ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done";[root@MyServer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b12078191375 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 6 seconds ago Up 3 seconds heuristic_albattani# 显示指定行数的日志-tf # 显示日志--tail number # 要显示日志条数
[root@MyServer ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 b12078191375
查看容器中进程信息 ps
top 命令# docker top 容器id （查看容器内部信息）
[root@MyServer ~]# docker top b12078191375
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 8273 8254 0 11:45 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done
root 12134 8273 0 11:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像元数据
# 查看镜像元数据# docker inspect 容器id
[root@MyServer ~]# docker inspect b12078191375
[{"Id": "b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b","Created": "2022-01-08T03:45:20.95450764Z","Path": "/bin/sh","Args": ["-c","while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 8273,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-01-08T03:45:22.895734782Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b-json.log","Name": "/heuristic_albattani","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0500de2f87f0c503049f2df1cb97052c1326d5ba23c3198ea29dcf047c526905/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "b12078191375","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "cae14b049c7b8a0d496d4b6fcb100c80fb4c9a71cdf6c9fe8566bbed7a3fadfc","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cae14b049c7b","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "e90ae3ef267ebb62062ee50eeb4eecbe5b1d4bb5133c9d9c6ef88d9d1ed86c49","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "f07e53abccc0010862e2c1f205cad85d255cb354e675f1a748d52ed49bb981f2","EndpointID": "e90ae3ef267ebb62062ee50eeb4eecbe5b1d4bb5133c9d9c6ef88d9d1ed86c49","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell[root@MyServer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b12078191375 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 28 minutes ago Up 28 minutes heuristic_albattani
[root@MyServer ~]# docker exec -it b12078191375 /bin/bash
[root@b12078191375 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@b12078191375 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 03:45 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done
root 1853 0 0 04:16 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1893 1853 0 04:16 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
root 1894 1 0 04:16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep# 方式二
docker attach 容器id # docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程。
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目的的主路径[root@MyServer home]# docker cp a6748bafa77e:/home/SIN.java /usr
Docker的基本命令及使用相关推荐
- Docker 镜像基本命令操作
目录标题 Docker 镜像基本命令操作 一.Docker 安装 二.镜像操作 Docker 镜像基本命令操作 一.Docker 安装 Docker要求运行在Centos 7上,要求系统为64位,系统 ...
- Docker熟悉基本命令进行资源及网络管理
Docker熟悉基本命令进行资源及网络管理 文章目录 Docker熟悉基本命令进行资源及网络管理 一.Docker基本命令 1.Docker 镜像操作 2.Docker 容器操作 3.Docker 仓 ...
- docker 安装 基本命令操作 数据卷
docker 安装 基本命令操作 数据卷 docker docker安装 1.yum 包更新到最新 2.安装需要的软件包, yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能,另外两个是d ...
- 【云计算虚拟化】Docker的基本命令使用
from:http://blog.csdn.net/chenriwei2/article/details/50250923 一.系统相关命令: 1.1 查看docker 的版本信息:docker ve ...
- docker 相关基本命令(updating...)
Install Docker CE Docker 要求 CentOS 系统的内核版本高于 3.10 ,查看本页面的前提条件来验证你的CentOS 版本是否支持 Docker . # Uninstall ...
- CentOS系统下docker的基本命令
2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> 1.基本信息查看 docker version:查看docker的版本号,包括客户端.服务端.依赖的Go等 [root ...
- 小丸子学Docker系列之——安装Docker及基本命令的使用
环境要求: 在Centos7.x上安装docker官方要求内核至少是3.10 1.查看内核和操作系统版本 [root@docker-machine ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el ...
- Docker学习笔记2 -- Docker的基本命令和使用
目录 Docker学习笔记1 Docker帮助命令 Docker镜像命令 Docker容器命令 Docker commit操作 Docker学习笔记1 Docker学习笔记1 – Docker基本原理 ...
- Docker 基本命令(二)
前言 最近看了极客学院的视屏,学到了一点新的东西.在此,继续总结一下. docker相关基本命令 docker info 查看文件存储物理地址和docker驱动 容器基本命令 启动容器 docker ...
最新文章
- keras dense sigmoid_tf.keras一个存在自定义层时加载模型时的小坑
- 【R】神经网络相关的R包
- hadoop部署单机
- python操作mongodb语法_python 操作MongoDB
- Property or method xxxx is not defined on the instance but referenced during render.
- 配置nginx作为静态资源服务器 css,js,image等资源直接访问
- [安卓] 19、一个蓝牙4.0安卓DEMO
- 用C++访问SQL Server 2000的实例
- C/C++ getopt()函数的介绍及使用
- w我的页面显示服务器错误,vue项目，在本地打开一个页面正常，部署到服务器就会出现 404Not Found 求解?...
- python的json.dump参数使用
- 缓存，你真的用对了么？
- frame页面跳转和信息提示页面
- 数据挖掘实践（金融风控）——task1：赛题理解
- 《解读量化投资：西蒙斯用公式打败市的故事》内容简介及PDF下载
- 华为数通VRRP配置实验
- 基于CameraLink的串行口通讯
- 怎么用html创建表格,HTML创建表格
- Postman中文版 !!!!傻瓜教程
- CentOS7 开启路由转发