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介绍

在项目开发中，经常遇到定时任务，今天通过自定义多线程池总结一下SpringBoot默认实现的定时任务机制。

定时任务模板

pom依赖

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>//线程池用到<dependency><groupId>com.google.guava</groupId><artifactId>guava</artifactId><version>22.0</version></dependency>//@Slf4j注解用到<dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional><version>1.18.4</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

自定义线程池模板

package com.example.andya.demo.conf;import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import java.util.concurrent.*;/*** @author Andya* @create 2020-05-29 14:08*/
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig {public static String THREAD_NAME = "first-thread-pool-%d";public static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2 + 1;public static int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 10;public static int QUEUE_SIZE = 10;/*** 自定义消费队列线程池** @return*/@Bean(value = "firstThreadPool")public ExecutorService buildFirstThreadPool() {ThreadFactory threadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat(THREAD_NAME).build();/*** 1. CallerRunsPolicy ：    这个策略重试添加当前的任务，他会自动重复调用 execute() 方法，直到成功。2. AbortPolicy ：         对拒绝任务抛弃处理，并且抛出异常。3. DiscardPolicy ：       对拒绝任务直接无声抛弃，没有异常信息。4. DiscardOldestPolicy ： 对拒绝任务不抛弃，而是抛弃队列里面等待最久的一个线程，然后把拒绝任务加到队列。*/ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE,MAX_POOL_SIZE,0L,TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(QUEUE_SIZE),threadFactory,new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());return threadPool;}
}

定时任务模板

package com.example.andya.demo.service;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/*** @author Andya* @create 2020-05-29 14:26*/
@Service
@EnableScheduling
@Slf4j
public class TestThreadPool {@Resource(name = "firstThreadPool")private ExecutorService firstThreadPool;@Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * *")public void test1SchedulerThreadPool() {final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);log.info("Begin schedule-【1】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {firstThreadPool.execute(() -> {countDownLatch.countDown();log.info("schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: {}, countDownLatch info: {}", firstThreadPool.toString(), countDownLatch.toString());});}try {countDownLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);} catch (InterruptedException e) {log.error("schedule-【1】timeout, {}", e.getMessage());} finally {log.info("schedule-【1】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: {}",  countDownLatch.getCount());}log.info("End schedule-【1】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));}@Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * *")public void test2SchedulerThreadPool() {final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);log.info("Begin schedule-【2】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {firstThreadPool.execute(() -> {countDownLatch.countDown();log.info("schedule-【2】, threadPool info {}, countDownLatch info: {}", firstThreadPool.toString(), countDownLatch.toString());});}try {countDownLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);} catch (InterruptedException e) {log.error("schedule-【2】timeout, {}", e.getMessage());} finally {log.info("schedule-【2】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: {}",  countDownLatch.getCount());}log.info("End schedule-【2】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));}
}

运行结果

2020-05-29 15:45:00.011  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00
2020-05-29 15:45:00.018  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 4]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 4, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 1], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 3]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 2], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 2]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-3] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 3], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 1]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-4] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 1, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 4], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 0]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0
2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00
2020-05-29 15:45:00.020  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00
2020-05-29 15:45:00.021  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 5], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 4]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.023  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-5] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 4, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 6], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 3]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.024  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-6] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 2]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.024  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-7] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 1]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.025  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0
2020-05-29 15:45:00.025  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-8] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 0]
2020-05-29 15:45:00.025  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00

从上述结果中可以看出，虽然是test1SchedulerThreadPool()和test2SchedulerThreadPool()都是每分钟执行定时任务，但是明显两个方法没有并发执行，而是串行执行的。

并发定时器模板

通过增加一个配置类来并发执行定时任务。

package com.example.andya.demo.conf;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.SchedulingConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/*** @author Andya* @create 2020-05-29 15:52*/
@Configuration
public class ScheduleConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {@Overridepublic void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegistrar) {scheduledTaskRegistrar.setScheduler(Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10));}
}

运行结果

2020-05-29 15:53:00.005  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00
2020-05-29 15:53:00.015  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00
2020-05-29 15:53:00.019  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 3]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.020  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-3] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 1]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.019  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 3]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.019  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 2]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.021  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 6, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 4], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 4]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.021  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-4] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 5], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 0]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.021  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0
2020-05-29 15:53:00.022  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00
2020-05-29 15:53:00.022  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-5] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 4, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 6], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 3]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.022  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-6] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 2]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-7] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 8], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 1]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-8] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 8], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 0]
2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0
2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00

可以从运行结果中看到，test1SchedulerThreadPool()和test2SchedulerThreadPool()两个方法同时打印了Begin schedule...信息，是并发定时。

@Async实现定时并发

除了上述这种实现SchedulingConfigurer类来实现定时任务的并发，还可以通过@EnableAsync及@Async注解实现定时任务的并发。

package com.example.andya.demo.util;import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;import java.time.LocalDateTime;/*** @author Andya* @create 2020-04-20 22:50*/
@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
@EnableAsync
public class StaticScheduleTask {private Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StaticScheduleTask.class);@Async@Scheduled(cron = "${schedule.cron}")public void firstTask() throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {LOG.info("first task time： " + LocalDateTime.now() + "\r\nthread：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());}Thread.sleep(1000 * 10);}@Async
//    @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000)@Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * *")public void secondTask() throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {LOG.info("second task time： " + LocalDateTime.now() + "\r\nthread：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());}Thread.sleep(1000 * 10);}
}

运行结果：


2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : second task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-2] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : first task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-2
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : second task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-2] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : first task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-2
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : second task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-2] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : first task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-2
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : second task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-2] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : first task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-2
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : second task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1
2020-05-29 16:07:00.035  INFO 31428 --- [cTaskExecutor-2] c.e.andya.demo.util.StaticScheduleTask   : first task time： 2020-05-29T16:07:00.035
thread：SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-2

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SpringBoot—自定义线程池及并发定时任务模板

介绍

定时任务模板

pom依赖

自定义线程池模板

定时任务模板

并发定时器模板

@Async实现定时并发

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