TSQL

PL/SQL

numeric(p,s)

numeric(p,s) or NUMBER(p,s)

decimal(p,s)

decimal(p,s) or NUMBER(p,s)

char(m)

Char(m)

varchar(m)

varchar2(m)

datetime

date

记录

Record

表字段

%type

表记录

%rowtype

表

Table

自动增长变量

AUTOINCREMENT

TSQL

PL/SQL

声明

declare

@ls_casher char(1),

@ln_payAmt decimal(14,4)

declare

on_hand INTEGER;

ls_casher char(1);

赋值

select @ls_casher = 'A'

ls_casher:=’A’;

引用

if @ ls_casher = 'A'

…

if ls_casher = 'A' then

…

在SQL语句中赋值

SELECT @ls_casher=sal FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id;

SELECT sal INTO ls_casher FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id;

在SQL语句中引用

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal = @ls_casher;

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal = ls_casher;

TSQL

PL/SQL

连接

+

||

TRIM

LTRIM、RTRIM

SUBSTRING

SUBSTR、SUBSTRB

INSTR、INSTRB

right(str,n)

substr(str,-n)

TSQL

PL/SQL

系统日期

getdate()

SYSDATE

TSQL

PL/SQL

判断

IS NULL

IS NULL

空值替换

Isnull(para,0)

NVL(para,0)

REPLACE(old_string, NULL, my_string)

TSQL

PL/SQL

字符->日期

Convert(datetime, expr, style)

To_Date(format, expr)

字符<-日期、数值

Convert(char(n), expr, style)

To_char(expr,format)

数值

To_Number()

TSQL

PL/SQL

statement block

BEGIN...END

BEGIN...END;

conditional

1) IF…ELSE…

2) IF…ELSE IF…else…

3) CASE

1)IF..then...ELSE…end if;

2)If…then…

elsif…else…endif

3)decode

Repeat

WHILE Boolean_expression

{statement_block}

[BREAK]

{statement_block}

[CONTINUE]

1)Loop …exit;…end loop;

2)loop…exit when…end loop;

3)WHILE condition LOOP

sequence_of_statements;

EXIT WHEN boolean_expression;

END LOOP;

3)for…in [reverse]…loop

…

end loop;

GOTO

GOTO label

…

label:

…

GOTO label;

…

<<label>>

…

Exits unconditionally

RETURN

Return;

Sets a delay for statement execution

WAITFOR

Comment

--

/*…*/

--

/*…*/

PRINT

PRINT string

Set serveroutput on

dbms_output.put_line(string);

RAISERROR

RAISERROR

EXECUTE

EXECUTE

NULL statement

NULL;

TSQL

PL/SQL

DECLARE

DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR

[LOCAL | GLOBAL]

[FORWARD_ONLY | SCROLL]

[STATIC | KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARD]

[READ_ONLY | SCROLL_LOCKS | OPTIMISTIC]

[TYPE_WARNING]

FOR select_statement

[FOR UPDATE [OF column_name [,...n]]]

DECLARE

CURSOR cursor_name IS

SELECT_statement;

open

Open cursor_name

Open cursor_name;

Fetch

Fetch cursor_name into

var1,var2…

Fetch cursor_name into

var1,var2…

||

%rowtype_var;

Close

Close cursor_name

Close cursor_name;

Attribute

@@FETCH_STATUS

@@CURSOR_ROWS

CURSOR_STATUS

%found

%notfound

%isopen

%rowcount

DEALLOCATE

DEALLOCATE cursor_name

隐式cursor

Select…into (仅可处理单行记录)

TSQL

PL/SQL

创建

CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name

ON table

[WITH ENCRYPTION]

{FOR {[DELETE][,][INSERT][,] [UPDATE] }

AS

sql_statement [...n]

}

Create or replace trigger t_name

{before|after}{insert|update|delete}

on table_name

[for each row [when conditional]

…

类型(按触发级别和时序)

语句

after

行或语句

before or after

访问数据操纵行的值

通过表Inserted、Deleted访问

通过记录 :New、 :Old访问，仅可用于行级触发器

谓词/函数/属性

Inserting、updating、deleteing

Updating(col)

Update(col)

使能

Alter table tabname {disable|enable} trigger {t_name|all}

Alter trigger t_name {disable|enable}

限制

作为触发语句的一部分，不可用事务控制命令

不能声明和使用LONG、LONG RAW变量和列

删除

Drop trigger t_name

Drop trigger t_name;

TSQL

PL/SQL

创建

CREATE PROCEDURE] p_name

[ {@parameter data_type} [VARYING] [= default] [OUTPUT] ] [,...n]

[WITH

{

RECOMPILE | ENCRYPTION

| RECOMPILE, ENCRYPTION

}

]

AS

sql_statement [...n]

Create or replace procedure p_name

[Para1 {in|out|inout} datatype[,…]

[{:=|default} default_value]]

{IS|AS}

…

查询

删除

DROP PROCEDURE p_name

DROP PROCEDURE p_name;

调用

EXEC p_name [para1[,…]]

P_name[(para1[,…])];

参数

按位置传递

1)按位置传递

2)带名传递

P_name(para1=>var1);

debit_account(amount => 500, acct_id => 10261);

TSQL

PL/SQL

系统对象表

Dbo.sysobjects

User_source、User_objects(OBJ)、User_tables(TABS)、User_triggers、ALL_tables、All_View、All_catalog、All_objects

对象脚本

sp_helptext

DESC、ALL_source

用户表

Sysusers

All_users

表列

All_tab_columns

依赖

All_dependencies

字典表说明

DICT

TSQL

PL/SQL

Select

Select @var=<value>

Select value into var from dual

Insert

insert / insert into

insert into

Delete

比较

Any, some, all

集合

Union、Union all、Intersect、Minus、

TSQL

PL/SQL

语句执行成功

error

SQLCODE

select 是否有结果

exists

select...into + SQL%FOUND

ISQL

SQL PLUS

读取、执行SQL文件

Isql –Usa –Ppass –Shost –ifile

sqlplus [-s] user/pass@db -@filename

TSQL

PL/SQL

锁

在SQL语句中

Insert…With tablock

Insert…With Tablockx

Select…for update

Select…for readonly

独立语句

set transcation isolation level to Read uncommited

在SQL语句中

select …for update of…;

独立语句

lock table tabname in row share mode;

lock table tabname in share exclusive mode;

用户连接数

数据库文件

Device

Tablespace

CREATE TABLESPACE testdb DATAFILE 'C:\ORANT\DATABASE\testdb.ORA' SIZE 20M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M;

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RB_TESTDB" TABLESPACE "TESTDB";

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RB_TESTDB" ONLINE;

显示DML执行计划

Show plan

Explain plan

保留点

¨         Save transcation Sp_name

¨         ROLLBACK TRANSACTION percentchanged

¨         Savepoint Sp_name

¨         Rollback to savepoint sp_name

对模式对象改名

Rename

分析对象

Analyze

Sp_help?