ruby 新建对象

Before getting into understanding how Object-oriented programming is implemented in Ruby, let us first understand what Object Oriented means.

在了解如何在Ruby中实现面向对象的编程之前，让我们首先了解面向对象的含义。

Object-oriented programming reduces the complexity of large software systems thus making the software easier to maintain. This category of programming basically uses Objects. In a pure object-oriented language, everything is considered as an Object. The main aim of OOP is to combine the data and functions which are operating those data so that the data cannot be accessed by any other part of the code.

面向对象的编程降低了大型软件系统的复杂性，从而使软件易于维护。 这类编程基本上使用对象。 在纯面向对象的语言中，所有内容都被视为对象。 OOP的主要目的是将数据和操作这些数据的功能组合在一起，以使代码的任何其他部分都无法访问该数据。

Now let us talk about Ruby. Ruby is a pure Object oriented language and everything is considered as an object. Even Strings, Numbers, true or false is an Object being the most primitive type. Rest of the article will let you know, how classes and objects are implemented in Ruby?

现在让我们谈谈Ruby。 Ruby是一种纯面向对象的语言 ，所有内容都被视为对象。 甚至字符串，数字，true或false也是最原始的对象类型。 本文的其余部分将让您知道，如何在Ruby中实现类和对象？

类 (Class)

Class is nothing but a blueprint of a data type. It simply defines, what an instance of the class consists and possible functions which can be performed on the object of the class. In Ruby, even classes are objects of "class" class.

类不过是数据类型的蓝图。 它仅定义类的实例由什么组成，以及可以对类的对象执行的可能功能。 在Ruby中，甚至类都是“类”类的对象。

Syntax:

句法：

    class Class_name
#code
end

Remember that, the class name must start with a capital letter by convention. You will get an error at Compile time when the convention is not followed.

请记住，按照惯例，类名必须以大写字母开头。 如果不遵守约定，则会在编译时出现错误。

Now, let us declare a class in Ruby,

现在，让我们在Ruby中声明一个类，

    class Example
def initialize
end
def prints
end
end

The above code will be compiled but not yield an output because no memory is provided to the class until it is not instantiated.

上面的代码将被编译，但不会产生输出，因为在未实例化该类之前，不会为该类提供任何内存。

对象 (Objects)

Objects are the instance of a class. They provide memory to the class. You can create any number of objects of a class. The objects are created with the help of the "new" keyword.

对象是类的实例。 它们为班级提供记忆。 您可以创建任何数量的类的对象。 在“ new”关键字的帮助下创建对象。

Syntax:

句法：

    object_name = class_name.new

Let us understand object creation with the help of an example:

让我们借助示例来了解对象创建：

class Example
def initialize
end
def prints
puts "Hello fella. How are you!!"
end
end
ob1 = Example.new
ob1.prints
ob2 = Example.new
ob2.prints

Output

输出量

Hello fella. How are you!!
Hello fella. How are you!!

In the above code, you can observe that we are creating two objects of class Example. Then we are invoking prints method with the instances.

在上面的代码中，您可以观察到我们正在创建类Example的两个对象。 然后，我们将实例调用prints方法。

建设者 (Constructors)

Constructors are used to initialize the variable of a class. They initialize class variables at the time of object creation. ‘initialize’ method works as a constructor in Ruby. It is defined inside the class and is invoked with the creation of an object. Go through the syntax and example for a better understanding.

构造函数用于初始化类的变量。 它们在创建对象时初始化类变量。 'initialize'方法在Ruby中充当构造函数。 它在类内部定义，并在创建对象时调用。 通过语法和示例可以更好地理解。

Syntax:

句法：

    class Class_name
def initialize(parameters if required)
end
end

Example:

例：

=begin
Ruby program to demonstrate initialize.
=end
class Example
def initialize(j,k)
@a = k
@b = j
end
def prints
puts "The value of class variables are #{@a} and #{@b}"
end
end
ob1 = Example.new(2,5)
ob1.prints
ob2 = Example.new(9,7)
ob2.prints

Output

输出量

The value of class variables are 5 and 2
The value of class variables are 7 and 9

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/ruby/object-oriented-programming.aspx

ruby 新建对象