Ubuntu下安装卸载桌面系统
安装GNOME方法：
    sudo apt-get install gnome
    或者
    sudo apt-get install gnome-desktop

删除Gnome的方法：
    apt-get –purge remove liborbit2

安装kde方法:
    sudo apt-get install kde（实验可以）
    安装KDE:
    方法一：
        sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
        sudo apt-get install language-pack-kde-zh language-pack-kde-zh-base language-pack-zh language-pack-zh-base language-support-zh

方法二：
        sudo apt-get install kde kde-i18n-zhcn
        sudo apt-get install language-pack-kde-zh language-pack-kde-zh-base language-pack-zh language-pack-zh-base language-support-zh

删除KDE的方法：
    for 5.04:
        apt-get –purge remove kdelibs4 libarts1
    for 5.10:
        apt-get –purge remove kdelibs4c2 libarts1c2

for 6.06:
        apt-get –purge remove kdelibs4c2a libarts1c2a

安装Xfce方法：
    sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

卸载Xfce的方法:
    sudo apt-get remove xubuntu-desktop

安装Fluxbox方法：
    sudo apt-get install fluxbox
    echo “exec startfluxbox” > ~/.xinitrc

卸载Fluxbox方法:
    sudo apt-get remove fluxbox

把 Ubuntu 或 Kubuntu 还原到 只有 基本的 Xfce 的ubuntu:

删除Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get remove alacarte app-install-data app-install-data-commercial at-spi bicyclerepair bittorrent blt bluez-cups bluez-pcmcia-support bluez-pin bluez-utils brltty brltty-x11 bsh bug-buddy ca-certificates capplets-data contact-lookup-applet deskbar-applet diveintopython ekiga eog esound esound-common evince evolution evolution-data-server evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal fastjar festival festlex-cmu festlex-poslex festvox-kallpc16k file-roller firefox-gnome-support fping gcalctool gcj-4.1-base gconf-editor gdb gedit gedit-common gij-4.1 gimp-python gnome-about gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-app-install gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-btdownload gnome-control-center gnome-cups-manager gnome-desktop-data gnome-doc-utils gnome-games gnome-games-data gnome-mag gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-mime-data gnome-netstatus-applet gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-session gnome-spell gnome-system-monitor gnome-system-tools gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes gnome-utils gnome-volume-manager gnome2-user-guide gnopernicus gok gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-esd gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gthumb gtk2-engines-crux gtk2-engines-highcontrast gtk2-engines-lighthouseblue gtk2-engines-pixbuf gtk2-engines-redmond95 gtk2-engines-thinice gtkhtml3.8 gucharmap guile-1.6-libs hal-device-manager hwdb-client java-common java-gcj-compat libadns1 libatspi1.0-0 libaudio2 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavahi-glib1 libavc1394-0 libbeagle0 libbluetooth1 libbonobo2-0 libbonobo2-common libbonoboui2-0 libbonoboui2-common libbrlapi1 libbtctl2 libcamel1.2-8 libcdio6 libcompfaceg1 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libdv4 libebook1.2-5 libecal1.2-3 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-1 libedataserver1.2-7 libedataserverui1.2-6 libeel2-2 libeel2-data libegroupwise1.2-9 libesd-alsa0 libestools1.2 libexchange-storage1.2-1 libflac7 libgail-common libgail-gnome-module libgail17 libgcj-common libgcj7 libgcj7-jar libgd2-noxpm libgda2-3 libgda2-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common libgeoip1 libglew1 libglib-perl libgmp3c2 libgnome-desktop-2 libgnome-mag2 libgnome-menu2 libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-speech3 libgnome2-0 libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-common libgnome2-perl libgnome2-vfs-perl libgnomebt0 libgnomecupsui1.0-1c2a libgnomeui-0 libgnomeui-common libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-bin libgnomevfs2-common libgnomevfs2-extra libgnucrypto-java libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgpod0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libgtk2-perl libgtkhtml2-0 libgtkhtml3.8-15 libgtksourceview-common libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgtop2-7 libgucharmap4 libguile-ltdl-1 libhsqldb-java libicu34 libid3-3.8.3c2a libidn11 libieee1284-3 libjasper-1.701-1 libjaxp1.2-java libjessie-java libjline-java liblircclient0 liblpint-bonobo0 libmagick9 libmdbtools libmetacity0 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libnautilus-burn3 libnautilus-extension1 libneon25 libnetcdf3 libnotify1 liboil0.3 libopal-2.2.0 libopenobex-1.0-0 libpanel-applet2-0 libpisock8 libpisync0 libportaudio0 libpq4 libpt-1.10.0 libpt-plugins-alsa libpt-plugins-v4l libpt-plugins-v4l2 libqthreads-12 libraptor1 librasqal0 libraw1394-5 librdf0 libsane libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libservlet2.3-java libsexy2 libshout3 libsmbclient libsndfile1 libsoup2.2-8 libsqlite0 libsqlite3-0 libstlport4.6c2 libtotem-plparser1 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwnck-common libwnck18 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java libxklavier10 libxml2-utils libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxmlsec1-openssl libxres1 libxt-java metacity mysql-common nautilus nautilus-cd-burner nautilus-data nautilus-sendto notification-daemon openoffice.org openoffice.org-base openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-evolution openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-writer openssl pkg-config python-adns python-cddb python-clientcookie python-crypto python-egenix-mxproxy python-egenix-mxstack python-egenix-mxtexttools python-egenix-mxtools python-epydoc python-eunuchs python-examples python-gadfly python-gd python-gdbm python-genetic python-geoip python-gmenu python-gnome2 python-gnome2-desktop python-gnome2-extras python-gst0.10 python-htmlgen python-htmltmpl python-id3lib python-imaging python-imaging-sane python-jabber python-kjbuckets python-launchpad-integration python-ldap python-libxml2 python-mysqldb python-netcdf python-newt python-numeric python-pam python-parted python-pexpect python-pgsql python-pisock python-pqueue python-pyao python-pylibacl python-pyogg python-pyopenssl python-pyorbit python-pyvorbis python-pyxattr python-reportlab python-simpletal python-soappy python-sqlite python-stats python-syck python-tk python-unit python-uno python-xdg python-xml python-xmpp python2.4-adns python2.4-clientcookie python2.4-crypto python2.4-dbus python2.4-dictclient python2.4-egenix-mxdatetime python2.4-egenix-mxproxy python2.4-egenix-mxstack python2.4-egenix-mxtexttools python2.4-egenix-mxtools python2.4-epydoc python2.4-eunuchs python2.4-examples python2.4-gadfly python2.4-gd python2.4-gdbm python2.4-geoip python2.4-gnome2 python2.4-gnome2-desktop python2.4-gnome2-extras python2.4-htmlgen python2.4-htmltmpl python2.4-id3lib python2.4-imaging python2.4-imaging-sane python2.4-jabber python2.4-kjbuckets python2.4-ldap python2.4-librdf python2.4-libxml2 python2.4-libxslt1 python2.4-mysqldb python2.4-pam python2.4-pexpect python2.4-pgsql python2.4-pycurl python2.4-pylibacl python2.4-pyopenssl python2.4-pyorbit python2.4-pyxattr python2.4-reportlab python2.4-simpletal python2.4-soappy python2.4-sqlite python2.4-syck python2.4-tk python2.4-unit python2.4-xml python2.4-xmpp rdesktop rhythmbox rss-glx screensaver-default-images serpentine sound-juicer ssh-askpass-gnome tangerine-icon-theme tcl8.4 tk8.4 totem totem-gstreamer tsclient ttf-opensymbol ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs update-notifier vino vnc-common whois xsane xsane-common xsltproc xvncviewer yelp zenity

删除 Kubuntu:

sudo apt-get remove adept akregator amarok amarok-xine app-install-data ark arts artsbuilder bicyclerepair blt bluez-cups bluez-pcmcia-support bluez-utils bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brltty bsh ca-certificates debtags diveintopython enscript esound-common fastjar gcj-4.1-base gij-4.1 gtk2-engines-gtk-qt gwenview imagemagick java-common java-gcj-compat k3b kaddressbook kaffeine kaffeine-xine kamera karm katapult kate kaudiocreator kcontrol kcron kde-guidance kde-style-lipstik kde-systemsettings kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-kio-plugins kdebluetooth kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelibs-bin kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdenetwork-kfile-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kio-plugins kdepim-kresources kdepim-wizards kdeprint kdesktop kdm kdnssd keep kfind kghostview khelpcenter kicker kio-apt kio-locate klaptopdaemon klipper kmail kmailcvt kmenuedit kmilo kmix kmplayer-base kmplayer-konq-plugins knetworkconf knotes koffice-data koffice-libs konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konsole kontact konversation kooka kopete korganizer kpdf kpf kppp krdc krfb krita krita-data kscd kscreensaver ksmserver ksnapshot ksplash ksplash-engine-moodin ksvg ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kwalletmanager kwin kwin-style-crystal language-selector-qt libadns1 libakode2 libarts1-akode libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavahi-qt3-1 libbluetooth1 libbrlapi1 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libesd-alsa0 libflac++5c2 libflac7 libgadu3 libgcj-common libgcj7 libgcj7-jar libgd2-noxpm libgeoip1 libgmp3c2 libgnucrypto-java libgpgme11 libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgsl0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libhsqldb-java libicu34 libid3-3.8.3c2a libidn11 libieee1284-3 libjasper-1.701-1 libjaxp1.2-java libjessie-java libjline-java libk3b2 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdepim1a libkipi0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2 libkonq4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1 libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 libmagick9 libmdbtools libmimelib1c2a libmpcdec3 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libneon25 libnetcdf3 libnss-mdns liboggflac3 libopenexr2c2a libopenobex-1.0-0 libpisock8 libpoppler1-qt libportaudio0 libpq4 libpythonize0 libqt3-mt libraptor1 libra

Ubuntu桌面环境切换

一、设置GNOME或者KDE为默认的启动桌面环境

方法1：修改/etc/sysconfig/desktop，根据需要将“DESKTOP”后面的内容改为KDE或GNOME。

方法2：在当前用户目录下建立“.xinitrc”这个文件(注意文件名前有一个点号，代表建立的是一个隐藏文件)，文件的内容就一行startkde或gnome-session，根据自己的需要选择KDE或GNOME。

二、GNOME和KDE的切换（“#”后面为输入命令）

1.如果需要切换到GNOME：

#switchdesk gnome

2.如果需要切换到KDE：

#switchdesk kde

安装3D桌面 beryl加入源后，直接sudo apt-get install beryl beryl-manager就行了

#linux&ubuntu