1. 基本框架
   编写一个类来继承GLSurfaceView.Renderer，并实现其中的三个方法onSurfaceCreated、onSurfaceChanged、onDrawFrame。

/*** 基本框架* Created by mazaiting on 2017/8/9.*/
public class GLRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {/*** 在窗口被创建时被调用，需要做一些必要的初始化工作:*/@Override public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {// 启动阴影平滑gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH);// 黑色背景，设置清楚屏幕时所用的颜色取值：RGBA.0f-1.0fgl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1.0f);// 设置深度缓存--决定哪个物体先画gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f);// 启动深度测试gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST);// 所作深度测试的类型gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL);// 告诉系统对透视进行修正gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_FASTEST);}/*** 当窗口大小发生改变时被调用，不管窗口的大小是否已经改变，在程序开始时至少运行一次。*/@Override public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {float ratio = (float) width / height;// 设置OpenGL场景的大小gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);// 设置投影矩阵--增加透视gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);// 重置投影矩阵--恢复原始状态gl.glLoadIdentity();// 设置视图的大小gl.glFrustumf(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 1, 10);// 选择模型观察矩阵gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);// 重置模型观察矩阵gl.glLoadIdentity();}/*** 在窗口内进行绘图操作。 在绘图之前，需要将屏幕清楚成前面指定的颜色，清楚深度缓存并且重置场景*/@Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {// 清楚屏幕和深度缓存gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);// 重置当前的模型观察矩阵gl.glLoadIdentity();// 具体绘图开始...}/*** OpenGL 是一个非常底层的画图接口，它所使用的缓冲区存储结构是和我们的 java 程序中不相同的。* Java 是大端字节序(BigEdian)，而 OpenGL 所需要的数据是小端字节序(LittleEdian)。* 所以，我们在将 Java 的缓冲区转化为 OpenGL 可用的缓冲区时需要作一些工作。建立buff的方法如下**/public Buffer bufferUtil(int []arr){// 先初始化buffer,数组的长度*4,因为一个int占4个字节ByteBuffer qbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(arr.length * 4);// 数组排列用nativeOrderqbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());// 将ByteBuffer转换为IntBufferIntBuffer mBuffer = qbb.asIntBuffer();// 将数组设置进去mBuffer.put(arr);//mBuffer.position(0);// 重置mBuffer.flip();return mBuffer;}
}

其中都是一些具体的配置，在主Activity中，我们首先创建出一个GLRenderer对象 ，并创建GLSurfaceView对象，将GLRenderer对象设置在GLSurfaceView对象中。、

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);// 基础框架GLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new GLRenderer();GLSurfaceView glView = new GLSurfaceView(this);glView.setRenderer(renderer);// 设置布局setContentView(glView);}
}

至此，我们将OpenGL开发时所要做的配置已完成，接下来我们在写新的Renderer时，只需要继承在GLRenderer，重写onDrawFrame(GL10 gl)方法即可。

1. 绘制多边形
   实现此类后，要想看到效果，务必将主AcitivityGLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new GLRenderer();的此行代码更改为GLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new PolygonRenderer();

/*** 绘制多边形* Created by mazaiting on 2017/8/9.*/
public class PolygonRenderer extends GLRenderer{int one = 0x00010000;//三角形三个顶点private int[] triggerBuffer = new int[] {0, one, 0,//上顶点- one, -one, 0, //左下点one, -one, 0,}; //右下点//正方形的4个顶点private int[] quaterBuffer = new int[]{one,one,0,-one,one,0,one,-one,0,-one,-one,0};@Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {super.onDrawFrame(gl);// 此函数，就是将画笔沿X轴左移1.5f个单位，Y轴保持不变，Z轴向屏幕里面移动6.0f个单位。//gl.glTranslatef(-1.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f);// 左移 1.5 单位，并移入屏幕 6.0gl.glTranslatef(-1.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f);// z 轴值小于-1.0f// 允许设置顶点gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);// 设置三角形gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, bufferUtil(triggerBuffer));// 绘制三角形gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);// 重置当前模型观察矩阵gl.glLoadIdentity();// 右移 1.5 单位，并移入屏幕 6.0gl.glTranslatef(1.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f);// z 轴值小于-1.0f// 设置四边形gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FIXED,0,bufferUtil(quaterBuffer));// 绘制四边形gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,0,4);//取消顶点设置gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);// 重置当前的模型观察矩阵gl.glLoadIdentity();}
}

效果图：

绘制多边形.png

1. 绘制颜色
   实现此类后，要想看到效果，务必将主AcitivityGLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new GLRenderer();的此行代码更改为GLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new ColorRenderer();

/*** 绘制颜色* Created by mazaiting on 2017/8/9.*/
public class ColorRenderer extends GLRenderer {int one = 0x10000;//三角形三个顶点 （r,g,b,a)private int[] triggerBuffer = new int[] {0, one, 0,//上顶点- one, -one, 0, //左下点one, -one, 0,}; //右下点//正方形的4个顶点private int[] quaterBuffer = new int[]{one,one,0,-one,one,0,one,-one,0,-one,-one,0};//三角形的顶点颜色值(r,g,b,a)private int[] colorBuffer = new int[]{one,0,0,one,0,one,0,one,0,0,one,one,};@Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {super.onDrawFrame(gl);// 左移 1.5 单位，并移入屏幕 6.0gl.glTranslatef(-1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);//设置定点数组gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);//设置颜色数组 -- 开启颜色渲染功能.gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);// 设置三角形顶点的颜色gl.glColorPointer(4,GL10.GL_FIXED,0,bufferUtil(colorBuffer));// 设置三角形顶点gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FIXED,0,bufferUtil(triggerBuffer));gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,0,3);//关闭颜色数组 -- 关闭颜色渲染功能.gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);gl.glLoadIdentity();// 右移 1.5 单位，并移入屏幕 6.0gl.glTranslatef(1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);// 设置当前色为蓝色gl.glColor4f(0.0f,0.5f,1.0f,1.0f);//设置和绘制正方形gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FIXED,0,bufferUtil(quaterBuffer));gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,0,4);//取消顶点数组gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);}
}

效果图：

绘制颜色.png

1. 绘制旋转
   实现此类后，要想看到效果，务必将主AcitivityGLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new GLRenderer();的此行代码更改为GLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new RotateRenderer();

/*** 绘制旋转图形* Created by mazaiting on 2017/8/9.*/
public class RotateRenderer extends GLRenderer {int one = 0x00010000;//三角形三个顶点private int[] triggerBuffer = new int[] {0, one, 0,//上顶点- one, -one, 0, //左下点one, -one, 0,}; //右下点@Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {super.onDrawFrame(gl);gl.glTranslatef(-1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);gl.glRotatef(180f,0,0,0);//旋转180gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FIXED,0,bufferUtil(triggerBuffer));gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,0,3);gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);gl.glLoadIdentity();}
}

效果图：

绘制旋转.png

1. 绘制三棱锥
   实现此类后，要想看到效果，务必将主AcitivityGLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new GLRenderer();的此行代码更改为GLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new PyramidRenderer();

/*** 四棱锥* Created by mazaiting on 2017/8/9.*/public class PyramidRenderer extends GLRenderer {int one = 0x10000;// 四棱锥顶点数组:private int[] triggerBuffer = new int[] {0, one, 0,-one, -one, one,one, -one, one,0,one, 0,one,-one, one,one, -one, -one,0, one, 0,one, -one, -one,-one, -one, -one,0, one, 0,-one, -one, -one,-one, -one, one};/*** Every vertex has got its own color, described by 4 values* R(ed)* G(green)* B(blue)* A(lpha)*/int colors[] = {0, 0, 0, one, one, 0, 0, one, one, one, 0, one, 0, one, 0, one, 0, 0, one, one, one, 0, one,one, one, one, one, one, 0, one, one, one,};/*** The last thing is that we need to describe some Triangles.* A triangle got 3 vertices.* The confusing thing is, that it is important in which order* the vertices of each triangle are described.* So describing a triangle through the vertices: "0, 4, 5"* will not result in the same triangle as: "0, 5, 4"* You probably ask: Why the hell isn't that the same ???* The reason for that is the call of: "gl.glFrontFace(gl.GL_CW);"* which means, that we have to describe the "visible" side of the* triangles by naming its vertices in a ClockWise order!* From the other side, the triangle will be 100% lookthru!* You can create a kind of magic mirror with that**/byte indices[] = {0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3,0, 1, 3, 1, 2};@Override public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {super.onSurfaceChanged(gl, width, height);// 设置透视范围GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45.0f, ((float) width) / height, 0.1f, 10f);}float xRot = 0.0f;float yRot = 0.0f;@Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {super.onDrawFrame(gl);gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);// 切换至模型观察矩阵gl.glLoadIdentity();// 重置当前的模型观察矩阵GLU.gluLookAt(gl, 0f, 0f, 3f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f);//设置视点和模型中心位置gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, bufferUtil(triggerBuffer));gl.glRotatef(xRot,1f,0f,0f);// 绕着(0,0,0)与(1,0,0)即x轴旋转gl.glRotatef(yRot,0f,1f,0f);gl.glColor4f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 3);gl.glColor4f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 3, 3);gl.glColor4f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 6, 3);gl.glColor4f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 9, 3);xRot += 1.0f;yRot += 0.5f;}
}

效果图：

三棱锥.png

1. 绘制正方体
   实现此类后，要想看到效果，务必将主AcitivityGLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new GLRenderer();的此行代码更改为GLSurfaceView.Renderer renderer = new CubeRenderer();

/*** 绘制正方体* Created by mazaiting on 2017/8/10.*/
public class CubeRenderer extends GLRenderer{float box[] = new float[] {// FRONT-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,// BACK-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,// LEFT-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,// RIGHT0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,// TOP-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,// BOTTOM-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,};FloatBuffer cubeBuff;float xRot = 0.0f;float yRot = 0.0f;public CubeRenderer(){cubeBuff = makeFloatBuffer(box);//转换为float数组}@Override public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {super.onSurfaceChanged(gl, width, height);// 设置透视范围GLU.gluPerspective(gl,45.0f,((float)width)/height,0.1f,10f);}@Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {super.onDrawFrame(gl);gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);// 切换至模型观察矩阵gl.glLoadIdentity();// 重置当前的模型观察矩阵GLU.gluLookAt(gl,0f,0f,3f,0f,0f,0f,0f,1f,0f);//设置视点和模型中心位置gl.glVertexPointer(3,GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0,cubeBuff);//设置顶点数据gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);gl.glRotatef(xRot,1f,0f,0f);// 绕着(0,0,0)与(1,0,0)即x轴旋转gl.glRotatef(yRot,0f,1f,0f);gl.glColor4f(1.0f,0f,0f,1.0f);//设置颜色，红色gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,0,4);//绘制正方形FRONT面gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,4,4);gl.glColor4f(0f,1.0f,0f,1.0f);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,8,4);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,12,4);gl.glColor4f(0f,0f,1.0f,1.0f);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,16,4);gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,20,4);xRot += 1.0f;yRot += 0.5f;}/*** 将float数组转换为存储在字节缓冲数组* @param arr* @return*/public FloatBuffer makeFloatBuffer(float[] arr){// 分配缓冲空间，一个float占4个字节ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(arr.length*4);// 设置字节顺序，其中ByteOrder.nativeOrder()是获取本机字节顺序byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());// 转换为float型FloatBuffer floatBuffer = byteBuffer.asFloatBuffer();// 添加数据floatBuffer.put(arr);// 设置数组的起始位置floatBuffer.position(0);return floatBuffer;}
}

效果图：

立方体.png