OpenGL第三方库：GLAD入门篇

前言：GLAD是继GL3W，GLEW之后，当前最新的用来访问OpenGL规范接口的第三方库。官方网址为https://glad.dav1d.de/。

GLAD使用步骤：GLAD可以使OpenGL基础渲染变得十分简单，只需要简单四个步骤就可以完成基础渲染。流程如下：
1.初始化GLAD库，加载所有OpenGL函数指针。
2.创建着色器并附加到着色器程序。
3.构建缓冲对象并附加到顶点属性。
4.使用着色器程序，利用渲染接口将缓冲对象按照指定图元类型渲染出来。

初始化GLAD库：常用接口如下：
int gladLoadGLLoader(GLADloadproc load)：任何的OpenGL接口调用都必须在初始化GLAD库后才可以正常访问。如果成功的话，该接口将返回GL_TRUE，否则就会返回GL_FALSE。
其中GLADloadproc函数声明如下：
void* (*GLADloadproc)(const char* name)

GLAD绘制方式：由于篇幅较多，已经另外写了一篇博客来记录。详细内容请参考https://blog.csdn.net/zjz520yy/article/details/83904360

在线例子：以下提供一个包含GLAD基础渲染操作的大部分接口的在线例子。

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>#include <iostream>void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n""layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n""void main()\n""{\n""   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n""}\0";
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n""out vec4 FragColor;\n""void main()\n""{\n""   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n""}\n\0";int main()
{// glfw: initialize and configure// ------------------------------glfwInit();glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);#ifdef __APPLE__glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // uncomment this statement to fix compilation on OS X
#endif// glfw window creation// --------------------GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);if (window == NULL){std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;glfwTerminate();return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);// glad: load all OpenGL function pointers// ---------------------------------------if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)){std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;return -1;}// build and compile our shader program// ------------------------------------// vertex shaderint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);glCompileShader(vertexShader);// check for shader compile errorsint success;char infoLog[512];glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);if (!success){glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}// fragment shaderint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);glCompileShader(fragmentShader);// check for shader compile errorsglGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);if (!success){glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}// link shadersint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);// check for linking errorsglGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);if (!success) {glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}glDeleteShader(vertexShader);glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);// set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes// ------------------------------------------------------------------float vertices[] = {0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  // top right0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // bottom right-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // bottom left-0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f   // top left };unsigned int indices[] = {  // note that we start from 0!0, 1, 3,  // first Triangle1, 2, 3   // second Triangle};unsigned int VBO, VAO, EBO;glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);// bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).glBindVertexArray(VAO);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);// note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the vertex attribute's bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbindglBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // remember: do NOT unbind the EBO while a VAO is active as the bound element buffer object IS stored in the VAO; keep the EBO bound.//glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);// You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls won't accidentally modify this VAO, but this rarely happens. Modifying other// VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally don't unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when it's not directly necessary.glBindVertexArray(0); // uncomment this call to draw in wireframe polygons.//glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);// render loop// -----------while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){// input// -----processInput(window);// render// ------glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// draw our first triangleglUseProgram(shaderProgram);glBindVertexArray(VAO); // seeing as we only have a single VAO there's no need to bind it every time, but we'll do so to keep things a bit more organized//glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);// glBindVertexArray(0); // no need to unbind it every time // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();}// optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:// ------------------------------------------------------------------------glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);// glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.// ------------------------------------------------------------------glfwTerminate();return 0;
}// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

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